中考英语语法大全——宾语从句（共16张PPT）

(共16张PPT)
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that, whether,if；连接代词who，whom,whose,which,what等；连接副词 when, where, why, how等。宾语从句的三大考点是时态、语序和引导词。
引导词
1.that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是陈述句时，用连词that引导。that在从句中只起引导作用，没有词义，不做句子成分，在口语中常常省略。如：
We believe that he is honest.
I suggest that we should go tomorrow,
We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain.
I didn't know (that) he was LiLei.
She said that she would come to the meeting.
I promise you (that) I will be there.
2. if/whether引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，从句要用if或whether引导， if和whether 意为“是否”，在句中不做句子成分，也不能省略。
I asked him if he was busy.
I asked him whether he was coming.
I don’t know if (whether) he'll arrive in time.
I didn’t know whether they liked the place.
I wonder if it's large enough.
在下列情况下多用whether而不用if：
①在动词不定式之前只能用whether，而不用if。 如：
I can't decide whether to stay.
He doesn't know whether to visit that old man again.
②在介所后的宾语从向，只能用whether引导而不用if。如：
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
③当宾语从句置于句首表示强调时用whether引导不宜用if。如:
Whether he lives there， I want to know.
④与or not连用时用whether连接而不用if。如：
I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.
3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。如：
I don't know who/ whom you mean.
Please tell me which you like.
You don't know what you are talking about.
He asked why he had to go alone.
I asked how he was getting on.
He knows where they live.
I’d like to know when they will let him out.
宾语从句的时态
1.时态的变化
当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。
The policewoman asked the little boy where he lived.
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
2.时态的不变化
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
Do you know how Amy came to school this morning
(2)当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时,其时态应用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
Everyone knew that there are sixty minutes in an hour.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句疑问句时,要用陈述句语序
He asked me when we would start out the next day.
Did you find out where she lost her car
（误）I don't know where has she gone.
（正）I don't know where she has gone.
（误）Do you know what is he doing
（正）Do you know what he is doing
（误）I don't know how does he go to school.
（正）I know how he goes to school.
宾语从句的简化
1.由宾语从句简化为动词不定式
当主句的谓语动词是hope，decide，wish， choose，agree， promise 等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时.宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
2. 由宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构
当主句谓语动词是know， learn，remember，forget， tell等动词，从句由特殊疑问词引导，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.