中考英语语法大全——非谓语动词（共21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
非谓语动词是指动词在句中不能独立作谓语，但同时保留动词某些特征的动词形式。包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词、过去分词)三种。它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等。
不定式（to do）
1.作主语
动词不定式短语作主语，可以放在句子前,也可以放在句子后。如：
To study hard is necessary.
To get up early is a good habit.
It is necessary to study hard.
=To study hard is necessary.
动词不定式作主语，常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头。真正主语动词不定式短语放在句子后面，汉语翻译时要符合汉语习惯，仍然翻译在的句子前面。如：
It is a good habit to get up early. = To get up early is a good habit.
2.作表语
动词不定式短语作表语，放在连系动词之后。如：
The most important thing is to cut off the electricity.
Her wish is to be a teacher.
She seems to be very happy today.
3. 作宾语
动词不定式短语作宾语，放在及物动词之后作动词的宾语。如：
I can't afford to buy a car.我买不起汽车。
Remember to post the letter.记住把信寄了。
I hope to be saying with you.我希望和你住在一起。
4.作定语
动词不定式短语作定语，放在它所修饰的名词之后。如：
I have a letter to answer.我有一封信要回复。
Liu Ying was the girl to meet you.刘英就是来接你的那个女孩子。
I have some clothes to wash.我有些衣服要洗。
I have a wish to go to college.我有一个上大学的愿望。
5. 作宾语补足语
动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语时什么或怎么样。动词不定式短语作宾语补足语有 to do和to be两种形式。
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.
I find English to be very easy.
6. 作状语
动词不定式短语作状语，可表示目的结果原因、条件和方式等。
动词不定式短语作目的状语时，不定式短语可放在句子的前面，也可放在句子的末尾。在句子前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。
To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.
7. 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式短语可以和疑问词连用，组成“疑问词+不定式”结构。该结构相当于一个
名词性从句，在句中可作主语、表语和及物动词或介词的宾语等。如：
How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem. 怎样停止对河流的污染是一个 大问题。(作主语)
The question is how to start the work.问题是怎样开始这项工作。(作表语)
I hardly know what to say before you. 我几乎不知道在你面前该说什么。(作动词宾语)
动名词（doing）
1.作主语
动名词作主语-般表示经常性、习惯性的动作，有时也用it 作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
Taking a cold shower every morning does him good.
Learning English all by yourself not so easy.
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure.
2.作宾语
动名词可作短语动词的实语和介词的实语。
Do you mind my closing the door
I look forward to receiving your letter soon.
I insist on him wearing a suit.
3.作表语
动名词作表语多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明 主语的内容。主语、表语的位置常可互换。
My hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is my hobby.
My son's favorite sport is playing ping-pong. =Playing ping-pong is my son's favorite sport.
4.作定语
动名词作定语位于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰词的用途。
The old man needs a walking stick(=a stick for walking). Let's buy a washing machine( a machine for washing).
She is reading in the reading room(=the room for reading).
分词
1. 作表语
分词用作表语时已经完全形容词化了，可以被very, rather 等副词修饰。现在分词作表语通常说明主语的性质、特征;过去分词作表语通常说明主语的状态或感受。
eg: The result of the game is very surprising. 游戏的结果让人很惊讶。
eg: We were greatly surprised at the news. 我们听到这个消息后深感意外。
2. 作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语说明宾语正在进行的动作或宾语的特性，与宾语之间是主动关系。过去分词作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间的被动关系、完成状态或动作由他人完成。
My mother kept me working all the week. 妈妈让我整个星期都在工作。
I heard him singing in the classroom. 我当时听到他正在教室里唱歌。
3. 作定语
作定语的分词具有形容词的性质。单个的分词作定语常放在神修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语常放在被修传词的后面。
eg: I have got a running nose.我流鼻涕。
eg: Do you know the id sanding under the tee 你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗
4. 作状语
分词在句中可作时间状语原因状语结果状语、条件状语、方式状语或伴随状语等。
eg: Arriving home, he showed me a large bright clean room.
eg: Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.