中考英语语法大全——形容词和副词（共22张PPT）

(共22张PPT)
形容词是描述人或事物的性质，特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用来修饰名词或部分代词。
副词是指句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，常用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或句子等。表示时间地点、方式、程度等。
形容词变为副词
形容词和副词的作用
1. 作定语
形容词一般位于被修饰词的前面，起描述、修饰或者限制被修饰词含义的作用;副词作定语多表示时间或地点，常位于被修饰词的后面。
We had a good time yesterday.
Professor White gave us an interesting lecture.
People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.
Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.
2. 作状语
形容词作状语通常说明主语的情况，主要表示原因、结果或方式，可位于句首、句中和句末;副词作状况，修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或句子。
Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.
We arrived home very late, safe and sound.
They were warmly welcomed by the students.
This is exactly what he said.
Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.
3. 作表语
形容词作表语通常位于系动词be，feel，get，turn，become，prove，seem等之后;副词表示主语的方位、方向、动作或状态等，如in，out，on，back ，down，up，off，away，upstairs等。
While I was in New York, I felt homesick.
Mother got annoyed at the news.
Is the radio on or off
I've been away from my hometown for nearly twenty years.
4. 作补足语
形容词和副词都可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语所处的位置，状态，性质等。一般来说，能用作表语的形容词都可以用作宾语补足语。
We must try our best to keep our environment clean.
The rainy days make me sad.
Put your dirty socks away, Jim！They are giving off bad smell.
We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
形容词和副词的
比较等级
1. 形容词和副词的构成
(1) 规则变化
(2) 不规则变化
2. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级三种形式。他们分别以下列形式出现在句子中。
等级 比较目的 形式 比较对象 意思
原级 比较相同水平的两个对象 as+形容词/副词+as 两个 和......一样......
比较级 区分两个对象的优劣 形容词/副词-er+thanmore +形容词/副词+ than 两个 比起......更......
最高级 区分三个以上对象中的最好、最差 be+形容词/副词-estthe most +形容词/副词 三个以上 最......
(1) 原级的用法
A. as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。
He's as excited as his younger sister.
This kind of language appeared as earlier as the Stone Age.
Jack works as hard as his brother.
B. not + as/so +形容词/副词原级+as 表示“......不如.......”。
This room is not as / so big as that one.
Mary doesn't dress as/so strangely as the other girls.
C. 如果第一个so/as后的形容词和副词作定语修饰名词，应该将名词及相关修饰词都放在第一个as/so之后。
We have produced as many cars as we did last year.
I don't make as/so much money as you do.
(2) 比较级的用法
A. 形容词/副词比较级+than 表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况，意为“......高于或低于......”。
Li Ming jumped farther than Wang Lin.
The car is running less smoothly than it used to.
B. 形容词/副词比较级+ and+形容词/副词比较级，表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“越来越......”。
The day is getting longer and longer.
The fire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.
C. the+形容词/副词比较级，the+形容词/副词比较级 常表示一方的程度，非之令一方的程度平行增长，意为“越......，就越.......”。
The quicker you work, the more you learn.
The more we know each other, the better we understand each other.
D. the+形容词比较级+ of the two( +名词 )表示“某物或某人是两者中比较......的”。
Look at the two girls. My sister is the taller of the two.
Of the two shirts. I chose the cheaper one.
E. Which is +形容词/副词比较级，A or B？表示“(比较A和B)哪个更......？”
Which is bigger, the earth or the moon
Who draws better, Jenny or Danny
F. 使用比较急应注意的问题。
a. more不可修饰比较级，但much可以用来修饰比较级，起加强语气的作用，意为“......得多，更......”。
It was more cheaper than I had expected. (X)
It was much cheaper than I had expected. (√)
b. 比较对象或范围出现错误。
The price of cars is higher than motorcycles. (X)
The price of cars is higher than the price of the motorcycles. (√)
The price of cars is higher than that of motorcycles. (√)
Sandy is taller than all the students in her class. (X)
Sandy is taller than all the other students in her class. (√)
Sandy is taller than any other student in her class. (√)
Sandy is taller than all the students in the next class. (√)
(3) 最高级的用法
A. the+形容词/副词最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句 意为“是......中最......的”。
He is the youngest child of all his classmates.
I like spring best of the four seasons.
Tom is the tallest boy in his class.
B. one of +...+ the +形容词/副词最高级+复数可数名词 表示“......是......中最......之一”。
Chiang Mai has been one of the hottest tourist places for Chinese since the movie Lost in Thailand was shown.
She is one of the most beautiful girls in our class.
C. 特殊疑问词+ ...+the+形容词/副词最高级 表示“......最......”。
Which country is the largest, China, American or Canada
Which season do you like the best, spring, summer or autumn
(4) 比较级和最高级的修饰语
A. 比较级的修饰语
修饰比较级的常用词和短语有
even still much a little a lot a bit far by far rather
Could you please speak a little more slowly so that I can follow you.
You handwriting is by far better than mine.
The task provided to be rather more difficult than I had expected.
B. 最高级的修饰语
常用的最高级的修饰与有序数词以及以下各词
by far much almost nearly far and away
This is by far the best book that I have ever read.
Of all the students, Jack's oral English is almost the best.
（5）比较等级的转换
①原级比较中的“not as/so...as...”可以转换为“比较级+than...”。
Jim is not as tall as Jack.= Jack is taller than Jim.
②比较级可以表示最高级的意义。
a.比较级+than any other+名词单数
Tom is the tallest in his class.= Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
b.比较级+any of the other+名词复数
Tom is the tallest in his class.= Tom is taller than any of the other students in his class.
c.比较级+than+anyone else
Tom is the tallest in his class.= Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.