中考英语语法考点总结——被动语态（共25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
被动语态
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，用来说明主语和谓语之间的主动或者被动关系。
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some computers were stolen last night.
This book was published in 1981.
2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The window was broken by Mike.
This book was written by him.
① 一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are + done
People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice is grown in the south of the country.
② 一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + done
They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
③ 现在进行时的被动语态
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
④ 过去进行时的被动语态
The workers were mending the road.
The road was being mended.
⑤ 现在完成时的被动语态
Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
⑥ 过去完成时的被动语态
When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
⑦ 一般将来时的被动语态
They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
⑧ 过去将来时的被动语态
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
⑨ 含有情态动词的被动语态
You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.
考点1：主谓宾结构变为被动语态
第一步：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
第二步：把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
第三步：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
考点2：含有双宾语的主动句变被动句
有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
考点2：主谓宾宾补结构变被动句
带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
We always keep the classroom clean.
The classroom is always kept clean.
1、有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。
The cloth washes easily.
The new product sells well.
The book sells well.
2、感官类系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义。如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
The material feels soft.
The food tastes delicious.
The pop music sounds beautiful.
3、一些不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, rise, happen, lie等。
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broken out in the capital building.
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
THANK YOU