中考英语语法考点总结——动词（共33张PPT）

(共33张PPT)
动词
表示动作和状态的词叫作动词。
(1)实义动词：表示行为、动作或状态的词。实义动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，亦称为行为动词。
(2)系动词: 用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词。
(3)情态动词: 表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
(4)助动词: 助动词本身无词义，不可独立作谓语，只能协助主要动词构成谓语。
考点1：实义动词单数第三人称形式的变化规则。
1、一般情况下在动词后加“s”。
look-looks like-likes live-lives play-plays
2、以s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后加es。
pass-passes wash-washes brush-brushes
catch-catches teach-teaches do-does go-goes
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改为i再加es。
fly-flies cry-cries
4、以“f”或“fe”结尾的动词变f为v再加-es。
leaf-leaves life-lives shelf-shelves wife-wives
thief-thieves half-halves knife-knives
考点2：实义动词现在分词形式的变化规则。
1、一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加ing。
look-looking play-playing sing-singing
2、以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing。
make-making leave-leaving come-coming
3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加ing。
run-running stop-stopping shop-shopping
swim-swimming skip-skipping
4、以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y再加ing。
lie-lying die-dying
考点3：实义动词过去式的变化规则
1、一般情况在动词末尾加-ed。
look-looked miss-missed play-played
2、以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d。
arrive-arrived hate-hated
3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。
stop-stopped shop-shopped
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。
study-studied carry-carried
考点4：及物动词与不及物动词的用法
① 后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。英语中的及物动词有：visit, see, give, tell, wash, watch, buy, hear, thank, spend, keep等。
I visited Beijing last year.
How long can I keep the book
The children bought a lot of flowers.
② 本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。英语中的不及物动词有：go, die, fall, run, fly, jump, speak, listen, happen等。
It happened in June 1932.
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.
The plane is flying in the sky.
考点1：状态类系动词：表示主语的一种状态或态度，be动词
They are students.
He is ill.
My father was angry with me.
考点2：持续类系动词
持续类系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。
He always kept silent at class
This matter remains a mystery.
The window stayed open all the night.
考点3：表象类系动词。
表像类系动词：表示主语“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look等。
She appeared tired.
He looks clever.
She seems very happy.
考点4：感官类系动词
感官类系动词：主要有feel, smell, sound, taste， look等。
This kind of paper feels very soft.
This flower smells very sweet.
The apples taste very good.
考点5：变化类系动词
变化类系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
She become mad after that.
He grew rich within a short time.
The days are getting longer and longer.
考点1：can和could的用法
① 表示能力，意为“能，会”。
She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike.
I hope to offer you some useful advice.
He can give you some books.
② 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。
Can I use your telephone？
You can go now.
We can ask her for help.
③ could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。
I could swim all the way across the lake，but I can’t now.
He could cook when he was young.
He could be saved, but he wasn’t sent to hospital in time.
④ 表示请求时，could的语气比can更加委婉，肯定回答用can，而不用could。
--- Could you lend your car to me
--- Of course, I can.
考点2：may和might的用法
① 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t，意为“不可以、不允许、禁止”，不可用may not。
You may go home now.
May I have a word with you，please？
May I have it
---May I go now
---No, you mustn’t.
② 表示推测，意为“可能、也许”，用于肯定句中。
He may be at home.
They may come tomorrow.
③ might是may的过去式，表示推测时，可能性比may小。
He might go to see the doctor.
She might get angry with you.
考点3：must的用法
① 表示必须，否定式为mustn’t，意为“禁止”。
I must go now.
We must study hard.
You mustn’t play with fire.
② 表示推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句中，否定句中用can’t。
The man over there must be my father.
That girl on the playground can’t be my sister, because she has gone abroad.
③ 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn’t。
---Must I hand in the homework now
---No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
考点4：need的用法
① need作情态动词用时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。用need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。
You needn’t do it.
---Need I come here tomorrow
---Yes, you must / No, you needn’t (don’t have to).
② need作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did。
The boy needs the parents’ love.
The flowers in the park needed a lot of water.
考点5：shall和should的用法
① shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见。
Shall I open the window
Shall we have lunch at a restaurant
② should 用来表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。
We should obey the traffic rules.
The children should listen to their parents.
考点6：will和would的用法
① will表示请求、询问或意愿。
Will you help me with my English
He will do anything for his family.
② would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。
When I was young, I would do a lot of hard work.
Would you please tell me how to get to the zoo.
Would you like to come to my party
考点7：情态动词易混点
① can和be able to表示能力时，can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，其他时态要用be able to。另外，表示成功做成某事时，用be able to。
Tom couldn’t ride the bike, but now he can.
He will be able to came back in three days.
A big fire took place in the house, but all the people were able to escape from it.
② must和have to均表示“必须”，但must强调主观意愿，have to强调客观需要。
We must study hard at school.
The sun is setting and I have to go home.
③ could, would, might等有时并不表示过去，而是表示委婉客气的语气。
Could I use your pen
Would you mend the bike for me
考点1：助动词be的用法
助动词be用来构成进行时态(be+现在分词)和被动语态(be+过去分词)。
We are working hard in the garden.
Look, some girls are singing in the classroom.
The house was painted purple.
考点2：助动词do, does, did的用法
助动词do, does, did用来构成疑问句和否定句。
He doesn’t like to have hamburgers.
Did you live in Shanghai
考点3：助动词have, has, had的用法
助动词have, has, had用来构成完成时态。
Had you finished the work before he came back
Have you had a ticket
He has learned English for 10 years.
考点4：助动词shall和will的用法
助动词shall和will用来构成将来时态（shall用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称）。
I will call you this evening.
What shall we do next week
He asks me when we will leave.
THANK YOU