中考英语语法专题讲解——被动语态（共15张PPT）

(共15张PPT)
中考英语语法专题讲解
被动语态
1、被动语态的基本结构为：be+done（及物动词）
2、被动语态的各种时态形式如下表：
时态 结构形式
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
现在完成时 have/has been done
一般将来时 will/shall be done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去完成时 had been done
过去将来时 would be done
含有情态动词 can/may/must/should be done
1、不知道动作执行者是谁。
The window was broken yesterday.
2、没有必要指出动作执行者是谁。
Many tall buildings are built in our city every year.
3、强调或者突出动作承受者。
English is taught in our school.
4、动作的发出者不是人。
Most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
基本变化
带有双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
He gave me a book.
I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
动词短语变为被动语态
许多有不及物动词和其它词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
We should take good care of the children.
The children should be taken good care of.
带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
I saw some boys playing football in the playground.
Some boys were seen playing football in the playground.
被动语态后动词形式的选择。
主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have等，后跟省略to的不定式作宾补，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.
The workers were made to work twelve hours a day.
We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.
The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.
主动结构表示被动含义
1、有些动词和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。
This kind of pens writes very smoothly.
2、感官类系动词look, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词用主动形式表示被动含义。
School uniforms look great on sun.
The cake smells delicious.
3、be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
This film is worth seeing.
4、want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require to be done。
My bike needs repairing.
=My bike needs to be repaired.
不用被动语态的情况
有些不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, rise, happen, lie等。
The material feels soft. 这种材料摸起来很软和。
The food tastes delicious. 这食物尝起来很好吃。
The pop music sounds beautiful. 流行音乐听起来很好听。