中考英语语法专题讲解——动词（共22张PPT）

(共22张PPT)
中考英语语法专题讲解——动词
助动词
系动词
情态动词
及物动词VS不及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语意义才能够完整。
I like this book very much.
不及物动词自身意义完整，无需接宾语，不及物动词常与介词连用，构成动词短语，相当于一个及物动词。
Horses run fast.
Listen to the teacher carefully.
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
① 延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和一段时间状语连用，如：live, study, work, keep, teach等。
We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.
You can keep this book for two weeks.
② 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生立即就结束。如：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go come等。
The old man has been dead for two years.
The film has been on for ten minutes.
系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起连用构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或者身份。常见的系动词有：be, become, get, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, turn, seem等。这些词没有被动语态和进行时态。
He is strong.
The song sounds very beautiful.
助动词本身无意义或者意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、疑问句和否定句，常见的助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall。
They asked what I was doing all afternoon.
Many trees were planted in the park.
I have learned English for eight years.
情态动词 意义及用法 举例
can/could 表示能力，意为“能、会”，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was young, but I can’t now.
表示怀疑、猜测、常用于否定句或疑问句中 He can’t be in the room.
表示请求，意为“可以”，could语气更委婉 --Could you help me --Sure, I can.
may/might的用法
情态动词 意义及用法 举例
may/might 表示推测，意为“可能、也许”，用于肯定句中 He may come tomorrow.
表示请求，might语气更加委婉，多用于疑问句中，否定回答用mustn't或can't，不能用may not。 --May I go now --No, you mustn’t.
must的用法
情态动词 意义及用法 举例
must 表示“必须” I must go now.
表示“推测”，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句 --There’s someone knocking at the door.--It must be Jim.
以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don’t have to，意为“不需要”，而不能用mustn't --Must I finish the work today --No, you needn’t.
注意：在疑问句和否定句中一般用can表示推测，否定句中也可用may。在否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意为“不允许”。
need的用法
need即可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词
动词 意义及用法 举例
need 情态动词 没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，构成疑问句和否定句直接用need He needn’t do it.
用need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't --Need I hand in my homework now --Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
实义动词 有人称和数的变化，后接动词不定式，构成疑问句和否定句要借助助动词 He doesn’t need to do it.
shall (should), will (would)的用法
情态动词 意义及用法 例句
shall 用于第一人称，表示征求意见和询问；用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺 Shall I open the window You shall hand in your papers now.
should 常用来表示义务、责任，表示“应该” We should obey traffic rules.
will 用于第二人称表示询问、请求，表示意愿 Will you pass me the book
would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问 Would you help me, please
can和be able to表示能力时的用法相同，can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时（could），其它时态要用be able to。另外，表示过去某一特定情况下成功做到某事时，用be able to。
Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can.
We will be able to come back next week.
There was a big fire in that building last night, but all the people were able to run away from it.
1、在肯定句中，常用may表示可能。
You had better ask the policeman. He may know the place.
2、在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can’t；若语气不肯定，则用may not。
Mr. Li can’t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing.
--Is John coming by train
--He may not. He likes driving his car.
could, should, would, might等有时候并不表示过去，而表示委婉客气的语气。
Would you tell me the way to the park
1、在肯定句中，常用may表示可能。
You had better ask the policeman. He may know the place.
2、在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can’t；若语气不肯定，则用may not。
Mr. Li can’t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing.
--Is John coming by train
--He may not. He likes driving his car.
must和have to意思均为“必须”，must用于表示主观意愿，意为“必须”；have to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须、不得不”。
I have to go to school now.
We must work hard at school.
表示否定推测时用can't，mustn't表示“禁止、不允许”，在肯定句中，must表示推测，意为“一定”。
The man over there can’t be my uncle, for he has gone to America.