中考英语语法专题讲解——非谓语动词（共29张PPT）

(共29张PPT)
中考英语语法专题讲解
非谓语动词
构成
不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形，有时可以省略to。这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有意义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+to do”。
句法功能
①作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj./n. (for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
To learn English well is useful.
=It is useful to learn English well.
It is a hard job for us to finish the work in such a short time.
It is kind of you to help me a lot.
②作宾语
一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
Would you like to see a film this evening
注意：在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。
I find it easy to read English every day.
③作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系，常见的这类动词有tell, ask, want, allow, would like, encourage等。
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
注意：有一些使役动词和感官类动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。常见的这类动词有：let, make, feel, hear, watch, see, notice等。
The boss made them work the whole night.
I saw the thief walk across the square.
④ 作定语
不定式作定语时，放在名词后面，两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，且与被修饰的名词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。
I want something to eat.
I need a pen to write with.
作状语
不定式常用来表示目的，作目的状语，也可以在不定式前面加上in order或者so as。
To save time, we took the plane to Beijing.
I will write down the telephone number in order/so as not to forget it.
构成
动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成。
句法功能
①作主语
动名词作主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
Eating too much is bad for your health.
②作宾语
动名词常放在一些动词或者介词后面作宾语，常见的这类动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, practice, keep, consider, allow, suggest, advise, imagine, risk, feel like, give up, be worth等。
Do you mind opening the window for us
Students often practice speaking English on the grass.
③作表语
动名词作表语，表示习惯性动作。
His hobby is collecting stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.
作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的用途。
She is in the reading room.
We should improve our teaching methods.
构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词由“动词+ed”构成，但也有不规则形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。
句法功能
①作定语
Do you know the girl standing under the tree
Please hand in your written exercises.
②作状语
The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
③作表语
The boy is too frightened to move.
作宾语补足语
Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.
I heard him singing in the classroom.
一、动词不定式复合结构中用for还是of
在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质、特征的形容词后，不用for而用of；在表示事务性质特点的形容词后用for。
It’s very clever of you to do it like that.
It’s very difficult for me to finish the task in an hour.
二、动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补的区别
see, watch, hear, feel等感官类动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语时，表示动作的全过程已经结束，后接现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。
I saw him cross the road.
I saw him crossing the the road.
三、某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别
He stopped to smoke a cigarette.
I must stop smoking.
Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
He forgot turning the light off.
Remember to go to the post office after school.
Don’t you remember seeing the man before
You must try to be more careful.
I tried opening the door, but I didn’t succeed.
She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake.
Excuse me. I couldn’t help overhearing what he said.
We had supper and went on to watch TV.
He didn’t have a rest and went on working.