定语从句
中考考察重点：
1、定语从句定义 2、关系代词用法 3、关系副词用法
考查形式：单选、完型、词汇
一、定语从句定义
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词
关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
关系 作用 先行词 例句
who 主语/宾语 人 This is the boy who often helps me.这就是帮我的那个男孩。 I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我在-次聚会上认识的教授。
whom 宾语 人 The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 你等那个人已经回家了。
that 主语/宾语 人或物 This is the pen that writes well.这是那支很好写的笔。 The tallest player that plays football is from Fujian. 踢足球最高的那个队员来自福建.
which 主语/宾语 物 The river which is in front of my house is very clean. 从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。
whose 定语 人 The room whose door is blue is mine. 蓝色房门的那个房问是我的房间。
Do you know the girl who is giving the speech 你认识那个正在做演讲的女孩吗？
I like the songs that I can sing along with. 我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
例：
—I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.
—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
关系代词的基本用法
1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
例：
Someone _______________ you know might really need the money.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that， 而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
7.【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
三、关系副词
关系 作用 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I'1l never forget the day when I met you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记初次见你的那天。
where 状语 地点 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. 这就是我们住了五年的地方。
why 状语 原因 I don' t know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。
1. when在句中作状语，表示时间。
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
2. where在句中作状语，表示地点。
This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
3. why在句中作状语，表示原因。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
例：
—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight
—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ___________ can hold 300 people
A. where B. what C. that D. when
注意：
1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）
2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？
例：
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
注意：
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
中考真题
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
4．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
5．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
6．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
7．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I like smart clothes ________ are made of silk.
A．who B．which C．what
8．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
9．（2021·福建中考真题）We all miss Wu Mengchao ________ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who
10．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
11．（2021·青海中考真题）Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A．where B．which C．who
12．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ______ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she’s my aunt.
A．which B．who C．what
13．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A．who B．that C．what
14．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian ________.
A．that they can sing along with
B．which can they sing along with
C．who they can sing along with
15．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
16．（2021·云南中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A．when B．who C．which D．whose
17．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A．who B．whose C．which
18．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
巩固练习：
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
7..【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
11.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】Our teacher told us a funny story ________ made us laugh.
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
12.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A. which B. where C. that
13. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
14. 【2020 山东滨州市中考】—Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
15. 【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
16 【2020 甘孜州中考】The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.
A. which B. who C. what
17. 【2020 贵州省安顺市中考】In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A. whom B. which C. who
18. 【2020 贵州黔东南州中考】Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when定语从句
中考考察重点：
1、定语从句定义 2、关系代词用法 3、关系副词用法
考查形式：单选、完型、词汇
一、定语从句定义
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词
关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
关系 作用 先行词 例句
who 主语/宾语 人 This is the boy who often helps me.这就是帮我的那个男孩。 I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我在-次聚会上认识的教授。
whom 宾语 人 The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 你等那个人已经回家了。
that 主语/宾语 人或物 This is the pen that writes well.这是那支很好写的笔。 The tallest player that plays football is from Fujian. 踢足球最高的那个队员来自福建.
which 主语/宾语 物 The river which is in front of my house is very clean. 从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。
whose 定语 人 The room whose door is blue is mine. 蓝色房门的那个房问是我的房间。
Do you know the girl who is giving the speech 你认识那个正在做演讲的女孩吗？
I like the songs that I can sing along with. 我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
例：
—I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.
—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
【答案】A【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，学校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。
关系代词的基本用法
1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
例：
Someone _______________ you know might really need the money.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你认识的某个人可能真的需要钱。you know 这里缺少的是一个宾语成分，而这是一个定语从句，someone是先行词，当先行词是不定代词的时候，关系代词用that，故选C。
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that， 而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
【答案】A
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
【答案】C
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【答案】C
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
【答案】C
7.【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
【答案】A
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
【答案】A
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【答案】B
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
三、关系副词
关系 作用 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I'1l never forget the day when I met you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记初次见你的那天。
where 状语 地点 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. 这就是我们住了五年的地方。
why 状语 原因 I don' t know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。
1. when在句中作状语，表示时间。
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
2. where在句中作状语，表示地点。
This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
3. why在句中作状语，表示原因。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
例：
—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight
—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ___________ can hold 300 people
A. where B. what C. that D. when
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句。先行词是hall，表示地点，所以用that。
注意：
1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）
2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？
例：
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
注意：
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
中考真题
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。
考查定语从句。which哪一个；what什么；who谁；whom谁，who的宾语。该句为定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词place指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，everyone是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。
4．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢？——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。
考查定语从句。which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children，指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选D。
5．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：2020年12月31日，习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是speech，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选C。
6．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗？——嗯，他是王伟，我们的班长。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；whom关系代词，指人，作宾语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；句子先行词是boy，根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知，此处指的是“男孩的书法”，应用whose作定语，故选B。
7．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I like smart clothes ________ are made of silk.
A．who B．which C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：我喜欢丝绸做的漂亮衣服。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是clothes，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故选B。
8．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；先行词“music”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故选B。
9．（2021·福建中考真题）We all miss Wu Mengchao ________ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：我们都怀念吴孟超，他在医疗工作中挽救了成千上万的生命。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；who关系代词，指人，作主语；先行词“Wu Mengchao”，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，故选C。
10．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是gift，指物，而先行词前有序数词修饰，应用that引导，故选B。
11．（2021·青海中考真题）Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A．where B．which C．who
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：素有“天空之镜”之称的茶卡盐湖吸引着越来越多的游客。
考查定语从句，此句是定语从句，先行词Chaka Salt Lake 指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句，故选B。
12．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ______ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she’s my aunt.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你认识那个穿蓝色裙子的女人吗？——哦，她是我阿姨。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是the woman指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选B。
13．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A．who B．that C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你喜欢中央电视台的每周脱口秀《朗读者》吗？——当然。这是一个很好的电视节目，它让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。
考查定语从句。who先行词是人；what不能引导定语从句；此句是定语从句，先行词TV programme指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句，指人或物。故选B。
14．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian ________.
A．that they can sing along with
B．which can they sing along with
C．who they can sing along with
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：所有的同学都喜欢他们能跟着唱的《少年》这首歌。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词the song是指物，关系词应用that或which，排除C选项。从句应是陈述句，情态动词can放在主语they的后面，故选A。
15．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗？——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。
考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”；the movies后用定语从句作后置定语，先行词“the movies”指物， 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。
16．（2021·云南中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A．when B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
考查定语从句关系词。when先行词指时间，且在从句中作时间状语；who先行词指人，且在从句中作主语；which先行词指物，且在从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词指人或物，相当于who或which的所有格。题干中先行词“a great scientist”指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。
17．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A．who B．whose C．which
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲攀登者。
考查定语从句。who谁，先行词是人；whose谁的，先行词为人，whose在从句中作定语；which哪个，先行词为物。此句定语从句的先行词是人，且疑问词在从句中作主语，用who引导的定语从句。故选A。
18．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：真正的朋友是一个帮助你并且让你感动的人。考查定语从句的关系词。本句中先行词 person为定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who；结合句意和选项可知选C。
巩固练习：
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们将永不忘记那些为我们的国家牺牲生命的人。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句做主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句做宾语。此处先行词是those指的是“那些人”，定语从句用关系代词who做主语。故选A。
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁。句中poet是先行词，表示“人”，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们都喜欢喜剧，喜剧让我们放松。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies，是物，用关系代词that，that在定语从句做主语。故选B。
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这是我去年买的CD。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词the CD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，故选B。
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们的社会是什么样的是由每个人的行为选择决定的。考查连接副词。where哪里；when什么时间；how怎样、如何；why为什么。根据What our society is like我们的社会是什么样的，结合is decided by everyone chooses to behave.可知是由每个人选择怎样的行为所决定的，所以how符合题意，故答案选C。
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：玛丽是我的英语老师，她不仅教我知识，而且教我如何做一个好人。
考查定语从句。She她，人称代词主格，在句中作主语；which在定语从句中指物；who在定语从句中指人。本句空格前没有“句点”，故本句为一个完整的定语从句，主语为Mary，故此处将She排除。另本句的先行词English teacher指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选C。
7..【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们青少年应该尊敬像袁隆平这样为国家做出巨大成就的人。——我也这样认为。
考查定语从句。who在定语从句中指人，在句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；which在定语从句中指物，在句中作主语或宾语；whose在定语从句中指人或物，在句中作定语。根据语境可知，我们应该尊重像袁隆平这样的人，先行词people指人，且从句缺少主语，故应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。考查关系代词。who先行词为人；which先行词为物；what不引导定语从句；how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，是人，应该用who引导，故选A。
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道那个演讲的女孩么？——当然知道，她是我最好的朋友，梅梅。
考查定语从句。which指代物，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中宾语；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词是girl指的是人，定语从句用who，who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢《少年》这首歌吗？——是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词the songs。that是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who是关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句。这个定语从句修饰的名词指物，应用that引导。故选A。
11.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】Our teacher told us a funny story ________ made us laugh.
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，我们都笑了。考查关系代词。when先行词为时间名词，在句中作状语；which先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom宾格，谁，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知，这里考查定语从句的引导词，先行词story为物，在定语从句中做主语，所以使用关系代词which，故答案选B。
12.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A. which B. where C. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。考查定语从句。which在定语从句中的先行词为物；where在定语从句中的先行词为地点；that在定语从句中的先行词为人或物。根据句子结构可知，本句中的先行词The house 在后面的定语从句中作状语，本应用关系副词where引导从句。但在本题中，由于从句中live为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，所以在关系代词之前加介词in构成了介宾结构，而介词in后只能用关系代词which，不能使用that。故选A。
13. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——他们在谈论什么？——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。
考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。
14. 【2020 山东滨州市中考】—Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。
15. 【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
16 【2020 甘孜州中考】The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.
A. which B. who C. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。
17. 【2020 贵州省安顺市中考】In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A. whom B. which C. who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人，所以排除B；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选C。
18. 【2020 贵州黔东南州中考】Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：李文亮是一位勇敢的医生，被许多中国人所熟知。考查定语从句。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. when什么时候。根据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。
