被动语态
中考考察重点：
1、被动语态的形式
2. 被动语态的用法
3.、主动表被动
考察形式：单选、词汇等
一、被动语态的各种时态形式
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
1．In 1958, pinyin ________by Chinese linguist(语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
2.Many successful businessmen _________to Hainan to give advice on how to build Hainan Free Trade Port.
A. invite B. are invited C. are inviting
3.—It's reported that 31 of the brave young men ________ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.
—I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for.
A. had killed B. killed C. were killed
4.How delicious the cake is! It_____________ by my grandmother this morning.
A. made B. is made C. was made
5.【2020 南通市】As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.
A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised
二、被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
三、主动语态变被动语态
说明 例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式； 如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂： 当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。 但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
易错点： 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
四、主动形式表示被动意义
情况 例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
例题
1.【2020 扬州市】—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi
—Sure. Thousands of baozza________ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month.
A. will make B. makes C. was made D. will be made
2.【2020 镇江市】It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. hold
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Nearly everybody here___________（know）when the old museum___________ （build）.
2. The building can___________（see）from every part of the city; It ___________（build）
many years ago .
3. Yesterday Tom__________（tell）me that his bike_________（break）last week.
4. The students ___________ often___________（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.
5. Now he___________（be）asked if the meeting__________（hold）next Friday.
6. It is known to all that the moon___________（turn）round the earth.
7. Miss Li often___________（use）a recorder in her English class. But she___________（not
use）it tomorrow.
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits___________（sell）in this shop.
9. English___________（speak）here.
10. The song___________（like）by us all twenty years ago.
11.___________ the pair of new shoes___________（suit）you
12. The bottle___________（break）by the cat yesterday.
13. A tall tree___________（can , see）in the picture.
14. The sports meeting___________（hold）last week.
15. We___________（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia.
16. Look, Mr Smith___________（take）to the station by Mark in his car.
17. These trees should___________（water）after they___________（plant）.
18. The TV set___________（make）in Beijing. It __________（make）last April.
19. Colour TVs___________（sell）in that shop.
20. When the People’s Republic of China___________（found）
中考真题
1．（2021辽宁盘锦市中考）If the science fiction ________ into English, it will be popular around the world.
A．translates B．is translated C．translated D．was translated
2．（2021广西桂林市中考）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.
A．were read B．read C．are read
3．（2021辽宁大连市中考）The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A．hold B．held C．will be held D．have held
4．（2021黑龙江大庆市中考）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
5．（2021广西贵港市中考）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish
—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.
A．separates B．should separate
C．was separated D．should be separated
6．（2021湖北黄石市中考）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
7．（2021四川凉山彝族自治州中考）—Every year, millions of plastic bottles ________ away, polluting the land and waterways.
—That’s terrible. We should protect our environment.
A．threw B．are thrown C．have thrown D．were thrown
8．（2021贵州铜仁市中考）—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone
一Because it ________ by Huawei last month.
A．was produced B．would produced C．has produced D．are produced
9．（2021福建中考）Many research labs ________ in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
10．（2021四川乐山市中考）—Have you tasted zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese rice dumplings
—Sure. It’s said that a lot of zongzi _________ at the food factory twenty days ago.
A．are made B．were made C．made
11．（2021江苏南京市中考）Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A．decorates B．decorated C．is decorated D．was decorating
12．（2021江苏盐城市中考）Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．were produced
13．（2021四川达州市中考）— Why do some whales have to ________
— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.
A．protect; dangerous B．protect; endangered C．be protected; dangerous D．be protected; endangered
14．（2021江苏苏州市中考）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
15．（2021江苏扬州市中考）— Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A．were expected B．will expect C．are expecting D．are expected
16.（2020南通市）As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.
A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised
17.（2020无锡市）The bush fires in Australia ________ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead.
A. were run out B. run out C. were put out D. put out
18.（2020盐城市）It is said that Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway in December, 2020.
A. complete B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed
19.（2020扬州市）—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi
—Sure. Thousands of baozza________ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month.
A. will make B. makes C. was made D. will be made
20.（2020镇江市）It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. hold
巩固练习
1．【2020 广西北部湾经济区】In 1958, pinyin ________by Chinese linguist(语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
2.【2020 辽宁丹东】Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.
A. plays B. is played C. was played D. played
3.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】—Mr. Wang is very famous in our school.
—That's for sure. He ________ by reporters tomorrow.
A. interviews B. interviewed C. is interviewed D. will be interviewed
4.【2020 湖北省黄石市】—I hate sweeping the floor.
—Why not buy a sweeping robot It ________ widely nowadays.
A．use B．is used C．was used D．used
5.【2020 湖北省十堰市】—The last Beidou GEO-3 ______ into space successfully on June 23, 2020.
—As Chinese, we feel proud of it.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent
6.【2020 鄂州市】—Mr. White, when shall I hand in my report
—As soon as it ________ tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished
7.【2020 武汉市】—Do you need any help
—No, thanks. We ______________ a lot of support since last year.
A. have offered B. have been offered C. were offered D. were offering
8.【2020 咸宁市】—Our school sports meeting ___________ next week. Which sport will you take part in
—The long jump and the high jump. I'm good at jumping.
A. holds B. held C. was held D. will be held
9.【2020 襄阳市】— Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone
— Because it ___________ by Huawei last week.
A. was produced B. would produce C. have produced D. was producing
10.【2020 孝感市】— The 2022 Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing.
— What good news! I can’t wait to watch it.
A. Hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
11.【2020 贵州黔南州】With the development of China, Chinese __________ by more and more people in the world.
A. Speaks B. is spoken C. speak D. is speaking
12.【2020 内蒙古包头市】Earth Day ______ in 1970 for the first time, and the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
A．celebrated B．was celebrated C．is celebrated D．has been celebrated
13. 【2020 黔西南州】A number of volunteers will ________ for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A. be needed B. are needed C. are needing D. be needing
14. 【2020 山东滨州市】—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday
—Well, if I________, I will go on time.
A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited
15. 【2020 凉山州】As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets __________here and there in China these days.
A. Find B. found C. are found D. were found
16. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Most of the earth's surface________ by water.
A. is covered B. covers C. is grown D. grows被动语态
中考考察重点：
1、被动语态的形式
2. 被动语态的用法
3.、主动表被动
考察形式：单选、词汇等
一、被动语态的各种时态形式
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
1．In 1958, pinyin ________by Chinese linguist(语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
2.Many successful businessmen _________to Hainan to give advice on how to build Hainan Free Trade Port.
A. invite B. are invited C. are inviting
3.—It's reported that 31 of the brave young men ________ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.
—I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for.
A. had killed B. killed C. were killed
4.How delicious the cake is! It_____________ by my grandmother this morning.
A. made B. is made C. was made
5.【2020 南通市】As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.
A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised
BDCCB
二、被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
三、主动语态变被动语态
说明 例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式； 如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂： 当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。 但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
易错点： 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
四、主动形式表示被动意义
情况 例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
例题
1.【2020 扬州市】—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi
—Sure. Thousands of baozza________ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month.
A. will make B. makes C. was made D. will be made
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你吃过包萨吗？一种披萨和包子的混合物。——当然。下个月，杨州的一家包子工厂将每天生产数千个包萨。
考查时态和语态。will make将制作，一般将来时；makes制作，动词三单；was made被做，一般过去时的被动结构；will be made将被制作，一般将来时的被动结构；根据句意理解可知，句子主语baozza和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，而句中的时间是next month，且each day是指将来的每一天，所以应该用一般将来时的被动，故选D。
2.【2020 镇江市】It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. hold
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道东京2020年奥运会将不迟于2021年举办。考查动词的时态和语态。is held一般现在时的被动；will be held动词的一般将来时的被动；will hold一般将来时；hold动词原形。根据“no later than summer 2021”可知是将来的动作，动词用一般将来时，主语Olympics与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，表示“被举办”用will be held。故选B。
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Nearly everybody here___________（know）when the old museum___________ （build）.
2. The building can___________（see）from every part of the city; It ___________（build）
many years ago .
3. Yesterday Tom__________（tell）me that his bike_________（break）last week.
4. The students ___________ often___________（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.
5. Now he___________（be）asked if the meeting__________（hold）next Friday.
6. It is known to all that the moon___________（turn）round the earth.
7. Miss Li often___________（use）a recorder in her English class. But she___________（not
use）it tomorrow.
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits___________（sell）in this shop.
9. English___________（speak）here.
10. The song___________（like）by us all twenty years ago.
11.___________ the pair of new shoes___________（suit）you
12. The bottle___________（break）by the cat yesterday.
13. A tall tree___________（can , see）in the picture.
14. The sports meeting___________（hold）last week.
15. We___________（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia.
16. Look, Mr Smith___________（take）to the station by Mark in his car.
17. These trees should___________（water）after they___________（plant）.
18. The TV set___________（make）in Beijing. It __________（make）last April.
19. Colour TVs___________（sell）in that shop.
20. When the People’s Republic of China___________（found）
【答案】1. knows, was built 2. be seen, was built 3. told, was broken 4. are, told 5. is, will be held 6. turns 7. uses , won’t use 8. are sold 9. is spoken 10. was liked 11. Does ,suit 12. was broken 13. can be seen 14. was held 25. were told 16. is being taken 17. be watered , are planted 18. is made , was made 19. are sold 20. was founded
中考真题
1．（2021辽宁盘锦市中考）If the science fiction ________ into English, it will be popular around the world.
A．translates B．is translated C．translated D．was translated
1.B【详解】句意：如果这部科幻小说被翻译成英文，它将会在全世界受到欢迎。
考查一般现在时被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时。主语“the science fiction”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系，故此处应填一般现在时被动语态is/am/are done的结构，故选B。
2．（2021广西桂林市中考）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.
A．were read B．read C．are read
2.C【详解】句意：现在全世界的人都在读这些伟大的书。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合时间状语today可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“These great books”是复数形式，be用are；read的过去分词是read。故选C。
3．（2021辽宁大连市中考）The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A．hold B．held C．will be held D．have held
3.C【详解】句意：2022年亚运会将在杭州举行。
考查被动语态。根据主语“The 2022 Asian Games”与动词hold的关系可知，此处应用被动语态，2022是将来的时间，应用一般将来时的被动，故选C。
4．（2021黑龙江大庆市中考）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
4.B【详解】句意：共产党成立已经100年了。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句“since the Communist Party… .”可知，空一应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“It”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has；be的过去分词是been；since引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，且主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式为：was/were done；主语“the Communist Party”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用was；found的过去分词是founded。故选B。
5．（2021广西贵港市中考）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish
—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.
A．separates B．should separate
C．was separated D．should be separated
5.D【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能帮你把垃圾拿出去吗？——确定。但是首先应该把它们分成不同的种类进行回收。
考查时态和语态辨析。主语“it”与动词separate之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；结合常识可知此处讲垃圾应该先被分类，用含情态动词should的的被动语态，其结构为should be done。故选D。
6．（2021湖北黄石市中考）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
6.B【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典多长时间？——一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。
考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持，是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中How long可知，表示一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态，故选B。
7．（2021四川凉山彝族自治州中考）—Every year, millions of plastic bottles ________ away, polluting the land and waterways.
—That’s terrible. We should protect our environment.
A．threw B．are thrown C．have thrown D．were thrown
7.B【详解】句意：——每年，数以百万计的塑料瓶被丢弃，污染了土地和水道。——那太可怕了。我们应该保护我们的环境。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“every year”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语“plastic bottles”与动词“thrown”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时被动语态is/are/am done的结构，故选B。
8．（2021贵州铜仁市中考）—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone
一Because it ________ by Huawei last month.
A．was produced B．would produced C．has produced D．are produced
8.A【详解】句意：——为什么我从来没见过这种手机？——因为它是上个月由华为生产的。
考查动词时态及被动语态。根据句中“last month”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，排除B/C/D选项；it指代的是这种手机，与动词之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
9．（2021福建中考）Many research labs ________ in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
9.B【详解】句意：未来5年，中国将建立许多研究实验室来发展科学技术。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语Many research labs是动作build的承受者，用被动语态，根据时间状语“in the next 5 years”可知，此处是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will be done。故选B。
10．（2021四川乐山市中考）—Have you tasted zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese rice dumplings
—Sure. It’s said that a lot of zongzi _________ at the food factory twenty days ago.
A．are made B．were made C．made
10.B【详解】句意：——你吃过粽子吗，一种中国传统的粽子？——当然。据说二十天前食品厂做了很多粽子。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语“zongzi”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“twenty days ago”是一般过去时标志词，故此处应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选B。
11．（2021江苏南京市中考）Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A．decorates B．decorated C．is decorated D．was decorating
11.C【详解】句意：我们学校的图书馆装饰着植物，可爱的书桌和椅子，所以我在那里学习或阅读时感到很放松。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合语境，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“Our school library”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；decorate的过去分词是decorated。故选C。
12．（2021江苏盐城市中考）Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．were produced
12.C【详解】句意：当阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时，彩虹就产生了。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语“Rainbows”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系，根据“passes”可知，句子用一般现在时，故此空应填一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
13．（2021四川达州市中考）— Why do some whales have to ________
— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.
A．protect; dangerous B．protect; endangered C．be protected; dangerous D．be protected; endangered
13.D【详解】句意：——为什么要保护一些鲸鱼？——因为人类捕捉鲸鱼是为了获取肉、脂肪和油。其中一些濒临灭绝。
考查被动语态和形容词辨析。endangered濒临灭绝的；dangerous危险的；句子主语whales与动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，have to是情态动词，此处构成情态动词的被动结构，排除A/B选项；结合常识可知，保护鲸鱼是因为一些鲸鱼濒临灭绝，第二空应用形容词endangered作表语，故选D。
14．（2021江苏苏州市中考）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
14.A【详解】句意：现在鼓励青少年为当地的商品做义工。
考查被动语态。句子主语teenagers与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除C/D选项；陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，结构是“am/is/are+done”，故选A。
15．（2021江苏扬州市中考）— Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A．were expected B．will expect C．are expecting D．are expected
15.D【详解】句意：——吴老师，下周我们一定要读一些什么吗 ——当然，你们要读《黑骏马》从58页到85页。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据上文“Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu ”结合“Sure, You … to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.”可知主语和谓语动词expect之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态，句子时态是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词，主语是you，be动词用are，expect的过去分词是expected，故选D。
16.（2020南通市）As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.
A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised
16.B【解析】句意：书一被筹集好，志愿者们就给希望小学的学生们寄去了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。A. are raised表一般现在时被动语态；B. were raised表一般过去时被动语态；C. raised表一般过去时；D. have raised表现在完成时。从句主语books和谓语raise之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，C、D选项可排除。根据英语语法，as soon as引导时间状语从句时，主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时或过去完成时。该句主句为一般过去时，故从句应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
17.（2020无锡市）The bush fires in Australia ________ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead.
A. were run out B. run out C. were put out D. put out
17.C【解析】句意：澳大利亚的丛林大火在几个月后被扑灭，造成了数以百万计的动物死亡。考查一般过去时的被动语态及动词短语辨析。run out耗尽；put out扑灭。根据句意可知，这里指的是大火被扑灭，又因讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
18.（2020盐城市）It is said that Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway in December, 2020.
A. complete B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed
18.D【解析】句意：据了解，盐城至南通高速铁路将于2020年12月建成。考查被动语态。complete完成，动词原形；is completed一般现在时的被动语态；was completed一般过去时的被动语态；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句主语Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway与动词complete是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A；再根据句中的in December, 2020可知是将来的一个时间，因此应用一般将来时态。故选D。
19.（2020扬州市）—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi
—Sure. Thousands of baozza________ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month.
A. will make B. makes C. was made D. will be made
19.D【解析】句意：——你吃过包萨吗？一种披萨和包子的混合物。——当然。下个月，杨州的一家包子工厂将每天生产数千个包萨。
考查时态和语态。will make将制作，一般将来时；makes制作，动词三单；was made被做，一般过去时的被动结构；will be made将被制作，一般将来时的被动结构；根据句意理解可知，句子主语baozza和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，而句中的时间是next month，且each day是指将来的每一天，所以应该用一般将来时的被动，故选D。
20.（2020镇江市）It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. hold
20.B【解析】句意：据报道东京2020年奥运会将不迟于2021年举办。考查动词的时态和语态。is held一般现在时的被动；will be held动词的一般将来时的被动；will hold一般将来时；hold动词原形。根据“no later than summer 2021”可知是将来的动作，动词用一般将来时，主语Olympics与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，表示“被举办”用will be held。故选B。
巩固练习
1．【2020 广西北部湾经济区】In 1958, pinyin ________by Chinese linguist(语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：1958年，中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计了拼音。考查一般过去时的被动语态。designs一般现在时的第三人称单数；designed一般过去时；is designed一般现在时的被动语态；was designed一般过去时的被动语态。根据In 1958,可知句子时态用一般过去时；而且句子的主语pinyin与谓语动词design是被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数，用was，design的过去分词是designed；故答案选D。
2.【2020 辽宁丹东】Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.
A. plays B. is played C. was played D. played
【答案】C
【解析】句意：篮球运动于1891年开始。然后在1936年的柏林，它成为了奥运会的一个项目。
考查被动语态。plays玩，动词三单；is played被玩，一般现在时的被动结构；was played被玩，一般过去时的被动结构；played玩，过去式；根据句意理解可知，句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，所以排除A/ D选项，再由句中的时间in 1891可知，这里应该用过去时的被动，结构是“was/ were+过去分词”；故选C。
3.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】—Mr. Wang is very famous in our school.
—That's for sure. He ________ by reporters tomorrow.
A. interviews B. interviewed C. is interviewed D. will be interviewed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——王先生在我们学校很有名。——那是肯定的。他明天将接受记者的采访。考查时态和语态。interviews一般现在时主动语态；interviewed一般过去时主动语态；is interviewed一般现在时被动语态；will be interviewed一般将来时被动语态。根据句意及by reporters可知，主语he和谓语动词interview之间是被动关系；又因为时间状语为tomorrow，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。
4.【2020 湖北省黄石市】—I hate sweeping the floor.
—Why not buy a sweeping robot It ________ widely nowadays.
A．use B．is used C．was used D．used
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我讨厌扫地。——为什么不买个扫地机器人？它现在被广泛使用。
考查动词时态和被动语态。use一般现在时的主动语态；is used一般现在时的被动语态；was used一般过去时的被动语态；used一般过去时的主动语态。根据答语中nowadays可知，本句为一般现在时，且“扫地机器人”是“使用”动作的承受者，即机器人被使用，应为被动语态，故此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
5.【2020 湖北省十堰市】—The last Beidou GEO-3 ______ into space successfully on June 23, 2020.
—As Chinese, we feel proud of it.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——最后一次北斗GEO-3于2020年6月23日成功发射升空。——作为中国人，我们感到自豪。考查一般过去时的被动语态。sends动词的第三人称单数；sent一般过去时；is sent一般现在时的被动语态；was sent一般过去时的被动语态。根据题干，可知主语是动作的承受者，所以应用被动语态be+过去分词；再由on June 23, 2020.可知句子时态是一般过去时，主语The last Beidou GEO-3是单数，be动词用was，send的过去分词是sent；故答案选D。
6.【2020 鄂州市】—Mr. White, when shall I hand in my report
—As soon as it ________ tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——怀特先生，我什么时候交报告？——明天一完成就交。考查一般现在时的被动语态。finish完成。finishes动词的第三人称单数形式；will finish一般将来时；will be finished一般将来时的被动语态；is finished一般现在时的被动语态。as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，句中为避免重复省略了主句，从句用一般现在时；主语it与动词finish之间是动宾关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done，D项符合题意。故选D。
7.【2020 武汉市】—Do you need any help
—No, thanks. We ______________ a lot of support since last year.
A. have offered B. have been offered C. were offered D. were offering
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你需要帮助吗？——不，谢谢。自去年以来，我们得到了许多支持。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。offer提供。have offered现在完成时；have been offered现在完成时的被动语态；were offered一般过去时的被动语态；were offering过去进行时。主语“We”与动词offer之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态，结合题干中“since last year”可知要用现在完成时。现在完成时的被动语态结构为have/has been offered。故选B。
8.【2020 咸宁市】—Our school sports meeting ___________ next week. Which sport will you take part in
—The long jump and the high jump. I'm good at jumping.
A. holds B. held C. was held D. will be held
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们学校运动会将在下周举行。你要参加哪项运动？——跳远和跳高。我擅长跳跃。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。A：一般现在时；B：一般过去时；C：一般过去时的被动语态；D：一般将来时的被动语态。分析句子可知，本句主语sports meeting是动作hold的承受者，所以应使用被动语态；又因为句中时间状语是next week，所以应使用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
9.【2020 襄阳市】— Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone
— Because it ___________ by Huawei last week.
A. was produced B. would produce C. have produced D. was producing
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——为什么我从来没见过这种5G手机？——因为它是上周由华为生产的。
考查动词时态及被动语态。was produced一般过去时的被动语态；would produce过去将来时的主动语态；have produced现在完成时的主动语态；was producing过去进行时的主动语态。“手机”和“华为”之间是被动关系，即手机被华为生产，故本句为被动语态。根据句中last week可知，本句时态为一般过去时，即一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
10.【2020 孝感市】— The 2022 Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing.
— What good news! I can’t wait to watch it.
A. Hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——2022年冬奥会将在北京举行。 ——多好的消息啊！我等不及要看了。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。A. hold动词原形；B. will hold表一般将来时；C. were held表一般过去时的被动语态；D. will be held表一般将来时的被动语态。根据句中2022提示，该冬奥会还未举办，故应用将来时，A、C选项可排除。根据句意可知，主语The 2022 Winter Olympic Games和谓语hold之间为被动关系，即“被举办”，故选D。
11.【2020 贵州黔南州】With the development of China, Chinese __________ by more and more people in the world.
A. Speaks B. is spoken C. speak D. is speaking
【答案】B
【解析】句意：随着中国的发展，世界上越来越多的人说汉语。考查一般现在时的被动语态。speaks讲，说某种语言，动词三单形式；is spoken被讲；speak讲，说某种语言，动词；is speaking正在讲，现在进行时，由主语Chinese，可知此处Chinese为名词，意为“汉语”，动词短语“speak+某种语言”意为“讲某种语言”，其被动语态为“be spoken”，本句时态为一般现在时，故选B。
12.【2020 内蒙古包头市】Earth Day ______ in 1970 for the first time, and the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
A．celebrated B．was celebrated C．is celebrated D．has been celebrated
【答案】B
【解析】句意：地球日在1970年第一次被庆祝，现在这一天包括了190多个国家和地区的活动。考查一般过去时的被动语态。celebrated一般过去时，庆祝；was celebrated一般过去时，被庆祝；is celebrated一般现在时，被庆祝；has been celebrated现在完成时，被庆祝。根据句中“in 1970”可知，句中时态为一般过去时，而且主语Earth Day与动词celebrate之间是被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态was celebrated。故选B。
13. 【2020 黔西南州】A number of volunteers will ________ for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A. be needed B. are needed C. are needing D. be needing
【答案】A
【解析】句意：2022年北京冬奥会需要一批志愿者。考查被动语态。主语volunteers与谓语need之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态，C、D选项可排除。空格前为will，故应用will be needed结构。故选A。
14. 【2020 山东滨州市】—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday
—Well, if I________, I will go on time.
A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——下星期天你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。考查被动语态。invite邀请，动词原形；will invite动词一般将来形式；am invited一般现在时的被动语态；will be invited一般将来时的被动语态。根据空前主语I与选项动词invite，结合语境可知，主语I和选项动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，因此用被动语态；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，因此从句用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are done，主语是I，所以此处用am invited。故选C。
15. 【2020 凉山州】As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets __________here and there in China these days.
A. Find B. found C. are found D. were found
【答案】C
【解析】句意：作为最让人兴奋和传统的购物方式，街市这些天在中国到处能被找到。考查动词时态和语态。find找到，一般现在时的动词原形；found动词的过去式；are found动词的一般现在时的被动结构；were found动词的一般过去时的被动结构。根据these days可知讲述的是现在的动作，用一般现在时；主语street markets和动词find之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动are found。故选C。
16. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Most of the earth's surface________ by water.
A. is covered B. covers C. is grown D. grows
【答案】A
【解析】句意：地球的大多数表面被水覆盖。考查被动语态。is covered 被覆盖（一般现在时的被动式）；covers 覆盖（一般现在时）；is grown 被种植；grows 种植。根据句意，可知此句意为“表面被水覆盖”，排除CD。又因为主语most of the earth's surface与谓语动词cover是被动关系，故选A。
