动词及动词短语
中考考察重点：
1. 动词辨析； 2. 动词短语辨析。
考察形式：单选、词汇完成句子等
动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗？
实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳
连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!
A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——嗯，某些东西闻起来很香。是蛋糕吗？我能尝尝吗？ ——手工制作的饼干。还带有点温度。尝尝吧！考查感官动词。A. feels感觉到；B. looks看起来；C. smells闻起来；D. tastes尝起来。根据问句中Is it a cake Can I try some 提示，提问者并没有摸到、看到或者尝到这个东西，只是闻到了它的气味并进行了猜测，故选C。
助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
动词的甚本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks；work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es catch→catches；go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es study→studies；try→tries
现在分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading；go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing see →seeing；toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing love→loving；write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing cut→cutting；put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying；lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned
动词短语
常见的动词短语类型:
动词+介词 laugh at嘲笑 point at指着 worry about担忧agree with赞成 ask for请求 talk about谈论
动词+副词 pick up捡起 grow up长大 look out当心 stay up熬夜
动词+名词 make progress取得进步 make faces做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with...和……交朋友give one’s life to...献身于……
动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 get along with相处融洽
动词+介词+名词 go to school去上学 go to bed上床睡觉
2.常见的动词短语:
take短语 take up占据 take away带走;拿走take off起飞;脱掉 take down写下;记下take out扣除 take place发生take care of照顾 take part in参加
make短语 make a decision作出决定 make a mistake犯错make a living谋生 make up组成;构成
turn短语 turn on打开 turn off关闭turn up开大;调高 turn down调低;关小turn in上交 turn out结果是
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服;让步give away捐赠 give out散发;分发give off发出(光、热等)
get短语 get to到达 get up起床;起来get over克服 get on上车get off下车 get together相聚get ready for...为……做准备
keep短语 keep out留在外面,不进入keep off使……不接近;回避某话题keep up with并驾齐驱;跟上keep away from远离keep in touch保持联系keep healthy保持健康
put短语 put up搭建;张贴 put on穿上;上演put off推迟;拖延 put out熄灭put away把……收起来 put down写下;记下put up with容忍
look短语 look at看 look for寻找look after照顾 look up查阅look through浏览 look around环顾
come短语 come on加油;快点 come out出现;出版come over突然感到 come along出现;跟随
go短语 go on继续 go back回到go away走开;离开 go by(时间)流逝go over仔细检查 go off熄灭;离开
(be)used to be used to doing sth.习惯做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事
think短语 think of构思出,想出think about考虑;关心;替……着想think over仔细考虑;慎重思考think up想出
fall短语 fall asleep入睡 fall behind落后fall off从……掉下 fall over摔倒;跌倒
have短语 have a good time玩得开心have fun doing sth.做某事很开心have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难have confidence in对……有信心have a look看一看have a meeting开会have a rest休息一下have a walk散步have a cold感冒have a picnic野餐
中考真题
（2021扬州市中考真题）
1. — How did you come to Baoying
— By high-speed rail. It _____________me only 28 minutes to get here.
spent B. paid C. lost D. took
2.He said that he would pass the exam and this _____________to be true.
A. turned out B. put out C. broke out D. tried out
答案：DA
（2021盐城市中考真题）
1. Alice often ________ the fun of doing DIY with us. She is so creative!
A. shares B. provides C. makes D. gives
【答案】A【详解】句意：爱丽丝经常和我们分享DIY的乐趣。她很有创造力！
考查动词辨析。shares分享；provides提供；makes制造；gives给。根据“Alice often …the fun of doing DIY
2. —Hello! I’d like to speak to the Customer Service Department.
—Please ________ and I’ll put you through.
A. hold on B. carry on C. come on D. go on
【答案】A【详解】句意：——你好！我想和客户服务部通话。——请不要挂机，我帮你接通。
考查动词短语辨析。hold on不挂断电话；carry on继续；come on快点；go on继续。根据“I’d like to speak to the Customer Service Department.”和“I’ll put you through”可知，是别挂断电话，故选A。
（2021连云港市中考真题）
1.Jim, you’d better not ________ too much time on your mobile phone.
A．cost B．spend C．take D．pay
【答案】B
【详解】句意：吉姆，你最好不要在手机上花太多时间。
考查动词辨析。四个单词都有“花费”之意，但具体用法各不相同。cost主语为物， 宾语为“金钱”；spend主语为人，宾语为“时间/金钱”；take主语为形式主语it或物；pay主语为人，宾语为“金钱”。spend some time on sth.为固定搭配，意为“在……事情上花时间”，符合句意，故选B。
2.Wait politely, please. Don’t ________ on others.
A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut short
【答案】A
【详解】句意：请礼貌地等待。不要打断别人。
考查动词短语。cut in插话；cut down消减；cut out切断、删除；cut short缩短。根据“Wait politely, please.”请礼貌地等待。结合“Don’t … on others.”可知是不要打断别人，cut in on others“打断别人”，故选A。
（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）
1.—Suzy, your room is really in a mess.
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll ________ right now.
A．tidy up B．put up C．look up D．stay up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——苏西，你的房间真是一团糟。——对不起，妈妈。我马上收拾。
考查动词短语。tidy up收拾，整理；put up张贴；look up查找；stay up熬夜。根据“your room is really in a mess”可知，苏西要收拾房间。故选A。
（2021常州市中考真题）
1．Don't _________ your child with others because every child is a treasure.
A．compare B．complain C．contact D．consider
2．My cousin is creative enough to _________ the new challenging task.
A．take on B．take out C．put up D．put in
答案：AA
（2021南京市中考真题）
1. The drama “Yuhuayao” ________ citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Party’s history.
A. provided B. guarded C. compared D. protected
【答案】A【详解】句意：《雨花谣》为南京市民提供了学习和聆听党史的机会。
考查动词辨析。provided提供；guarded保卫；compared比较；protected保护。根据“The drama ‘Yuhuayao’…citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Party’s history.”可知，此处是provide sb with sth短语，意为“提供某人某物”，故选A。
（2021无锡市中考真题）
11. 一You added sugar in my tea It terrible!
一Sorry, madam. I'll pour you another cup right away.
A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes
13. 一I don't like the sleeping bag, Dad.
一What do you , Bob It's a camp, not a hotel.
A. suggest B. imagine C. expect D. wish
答案：DC
（2021泰州市中考真题）
1. We should pay much attention to saving natural resources. Otherwise, they will one day.
A. put out B. run out C. get out D. sell out
答案：B
巩固练习
1．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）My mother often ________ me a story in the evening.
A．tells B．says C．speaks D．talks
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我妈妈经常在晚上给我讲故事。
考查动词辨析。tells讲述，告诉；says说（内容）；speaks说（语言）；talks谈论。tell a story讲一个故事，故选A。
2．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What do you think of Jack
—He is honest. All of us ________ him.
A．trust B．refuse C．protect D．hate
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你觉得Jack怎么样？——他很诚实。我们都信任他。
考查动词辨析。trust信任；refuse拒绝；protect保护；hate憎恨。根据“He is honest”可知，诚实的孩子通常值得别人信任，故选A。
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the Spring Festival
—No, I was ______ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.
A．praised B．taught C．warned D．advised
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——亨利，春节期间你开车回家乡了吗？——不，有人建议我坐火车，因为那个时候交通通常是最繁忙的。
考查动词辨析。praised表扬；taught教；warned警告；advised建议。根据“because the traffic is often the busiest at that time”可知春节期间交通繁忙，被建议坐火车。故选D。
4．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典多长时间？——一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。
考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持，是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中How long可知，表示一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态，故选B。
5．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）It’s parents’ job to ________ a clean and comfortable environment at home ________ their children.
A．support; with B．offer; with C．give; for D．provide; for
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在家里给孩子们提供一个干净舒适的环境是父母的责任。
考查动词辨析。support支持；offer提供；give给；provide提供。根据“…a clean and comfortable environment at home…their children”可知，此处表示“提供”，排除AC；offer sth to sb/provide sth for sb提供某物给某人，故选D。
6．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why does our chemistry teacher often ________ her
—Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.
A．praise B．forget C．control D．hurt
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——为什么我们的化学老师经常表扬她？——因为她每次化学都得满分。
考查动词辨析。praise表扬；forget忘记；control控制；hurt伤害。根据“Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time”可推断，得满分老师会表扬这位学生，故选A。
7．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Would you please ________ what you said
—Sure. I asked you to have a rest. It’s too hot today.
A．show B．spell C．review D．repeat
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——请你重复一遍你说的话好吗？——当然。我让你休息一下。今天太热了。
考查动词辨析。show展示；spell拼写；review复习；repeat重复。根据宾语“what you said”可知，空处应用repeat，重复。故选D。
8．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Hi, Ann. Do you know where your English teacher Mr. Liu is
— He ________ be in the classroom. It’s the English class now.
A．can B．must C．may D．need
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——嗨，安。你知道你的英语老师刘先生在哪里吗？ ——他一定在教室里。现在是英语课。
考查情态动词。can能；must一定；may可能；need需要。根据下文“It’s the English class now”可知，此处指的是很有把握的推测，故应用情态动词must。故选B。
9．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）—What about going for a picnic this weekend
—I’d like to, but the final exam is coming. I ________ to stay at home.
A．prefer B．discover C．refuse D．achieve
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这个周末去野餐怎么样？——我很想去，但是期末考试就要来了。我宁愿呆在家里。
考查动词辨析。prefer宁愿；discover发现；refuse拒绝；achieve实现。根据前句“I’d like to, but the final exam is coming.”可知，应是宁愿呆在家里。故选A。
10．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car I can’t ________ it anywhere!
A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：妈妈，你能帮我找一下我的玩具汽车吗？我到处都找不到它。
考查动词辨析。look看，是不及物动词；look for寻找，强调动作；find找到，强调结果；find out查明，弄清楚。根据句意可知，第一个空表示“帮忙找”，指动作，应用look for；第二个空表示结果“找到”，应用find。故选A。
11．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— I’ll go back to my hometown, honey. ________ to buy me a ticket, please.
— OK, single or return
A．Regret B．Remain C．Require D．Remember
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我将要回我的家乡了，亲爱的。请记得给我买张票。——好的，单程还是往返票？
考查动词辨析。Regret遗憾；Remain保持；Require要求；Remember记得。根据“to buy me a ticket”和“OK, single or return ”可知，此处表示记得去买票，故选D。
12．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）—What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made!
—That’s true. So far it has ________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected C．requested D．encouraged
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——电影《你好，李焕英》取得了巨大的成功！——确实如此。到目前为止，它已经吸引了数千万人去电影院。
考查动词辨析。attracted吸引；expected期待；requested要求；encouranged鼓励。根据“What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made”及“So far it has … tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.”可知，这部电影很成功，吸引了许多人去观看，故选A。
13．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It ________ Zhang Guimei many years to help about 1,800 girl students in poor areas realize their college dreams.
A．took B．spent C．cost
【答案】A
【详解】句意：张桂梅花了多年时间帮助贫困地区约1800名女生实现了大学梦。
考查动词辨析。took花费，句型是It took/takes sb some time to do sth；spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是物；根据句子结构可知，此处应用took，故选A。
14．（2021·新疆中考真题）— I saw Mr. Li in his office just now.
— No, it ______ be him. He has ______ Guangzhou and will be back in two days.
A．mustn’t；gone to B．mustn’t；been to C．can’t；been to D．can’t；gone to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我刚才看见李先生在他的办公室里。 ——不，不可能是他。他去了广州，两天后回来。
考查情态动词和现在完成时。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已不在那里了；have gone to意为“已经去了某地”，说话时此人还没回来。根据下文“He has gone to Guangzhou”可知，此处表否定推测，A、B选项可排除。根据下文“will be back in two days”可知，李先生还在广州没有回来，故第二空应用gone to。故选D。
15．（2021·湖北荆州市·中考真题）— Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
— Yes, she ______ the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．educated B．created C．memorized D．dreamed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道被誉为“感动中国人物”之一的张桂梅吗？——是的，她为山区的女孩创建了第一所免费高中，并帮助1800多名学生上大学。
考查动词辨析。educated教育；created创建；memorized记住；dreamed梦想。根据“the first free high school for girls”可知，是为女孩创建了第一所免费高中，故选B。
16．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——政府已经制定了阻止食物浪费的法律。——是啊，很多餐馆都鼓励人们吃干净盘子里的食物。
考查动词短语。to keep restaurants clean保持餐厅干净；to protect people保护人们；to stop food waste阻止食物浪费。根据“lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates”可知，清盘行动是为了阻止食物浪费，故选C。
17．（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it ________ so good.
A．sounds B．tastes C．smells
【答案】C
【详解】句意：妈妈在煮鸡汤，闻起来真香。
考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“Mom is cooking chicken soup”可知，正在做还没做好，所以是闻起来香，故选C。
18．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— Is the man Mr. Yang
— It ______ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——那个人是杨先生吗？——不可能是他。他去长沙开会了。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；根据“He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.”可知，那个人不可能是杨先生，否定的推测用can’t，故选C。
19．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you __________a life without it
A．imagine B．expect C．understand
【答案】A
【详解】句意：互联网与我们的日常生活息息相关。你能想象没有它的生活吗？
考查动词辨析。imagine想象；expect期待；understand理解。根据“The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life.”可知，互联网在我们的生活中至关重要，此处指能否想象没有互联网的生活。故选A。
20．（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）— Do you have any new findings in the report
— Yes, we have ________ 10,000 people, and 90% of them would like to buy our new products.
A．chosen B．surveyed C．examined D．listed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你在报告中有什么新发现吗？——是的，我们调查了10000人，其中90%的人愿意购买我们的新产品。
考查动词辨析。chosen选择；surveyed调查；examined检查；listed列清单；根据“report”以及“10,000 people, and 90% of them would like to buy our new products.”可知，这是调查得出的结论，故选B。
21．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Lingling’s father tried his best to ________ who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident.
A．work out B．find out C．look out D．come out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：玲玲的父亲尽了最大努力想找出事故发生后是谁把他女儿送进医院的。
考查动词短语辨析。work out解决，算出；find out找出，查明；look out当心；come out出版。根据“who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident”可知，他是想找出谁把他女儿送到医院的。故选B。
22．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Stop playing computer games. It ________ too much of your time.
A．takes up B．takes off C．takes back D．takes down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不要再玩电脑游戏了。它占用了你太多的时间。
考查动词短语辨析。takes up占据；takes off脱下；takes back拿回；takes down记下。根据“ It…too much of your time”可知，此处指占用太多时间，因此劝诫对方不要再玩电脑游戏了。故选A。
23．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What happened to Robert
—He ________ from the tree and hurt his left leg.
A．fell down B．fell over C．went off D．went by
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——罗伯特怎么了？——他从树上掉下来，伤了左腿。
考查动词短语。fell down摔倒，落下；fell over跌倒；went off离开；went by经过。根据“from the tree”可知是从树上掉下来了，fall down from从……掉下来。故选A。
24．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What is Tom doing
—He is ________ the English speech in the hall.
A．paying for B．preparing for C．caring for D．looking for
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Tom正在做什么？——他正在大厅里准备英语演讲。
考查动词短语辨析。paying for支付；preparing for准备；caring for关心；looking for寻找。根据“the English speech in the hall”可知，是正在准备英语演讲，故选B。
25．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：潘建伟已经成为一位著名的科学家。当他还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢了解事物是如何运作的。
考查动词短语。set out出发，开始；find out找出，弄清；leave out遗漏；bring out激发，使显示。根据“Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist.”可推出是喜欢弄清楚事物是如何运作的。故选B。
26．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）The minute the alarm clock ________, I got up and took a quick shower.
A．went by B．went out C．went off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：闹钟一响，我就起床冲了个澡。
考查动词短语。went by时间逝去；went out熄灭；went off突然发出响声；根据“the alarm clock”可知，此处指的是“闹钟突然发出响声”，故选C。
27．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Jim, please help me ________ the tent.
—OK. I’m coming. It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.
A．get on B．get off C．pull down D．put up
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——吉姆，请帮我搭起帐篷。——好的。我来了。今晚睡在里面很刺激。
考查动词短语辨析。get on上车；get off下车；pull down摧毁、拆掉；put up搭起、举起。根据下文“It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.”可知，应是搭起帐篷。故选D。
28．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.
—She ________ a good voice. Nobody taught her.
A．takes care of B．is similar to C．looks forward to D．is born with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个小女孩唱的歌很好听。——她生来就有一副好嗓子。没有人教她。
考查短语辨析。takes care of照顾；is similar to与……相似；looks forward to期待；is born with天生具有。根据“Nobody taught her”可知，她的嗓音不是后天形成的而是天生具有的，故选D。
29．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— China’s Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!
— What exciting news! Let’s ________ more information about it on the Internet.
A．find out B．hear of C．shut off D．think about
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——中国的天问一号探测器上周在火星上进行了历史性的着陆！——多么令人兴奋的消息！让我们在网上找到更多关于它的信息。
考查动词短语。find out找出；hear of听说；shut off关掉；think about考虑。根据“more information about it on the Internet”可知，此处指在网上找信息。故选A。
30．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Yuan Longping ________ people’s food supply(粮食供应) around the world during his life.
— Yeah. He is regarded as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”(杂交水稻之父).
A．looked up B．depended on C．cared for D．agreed with
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——袁隆平一生都在关心世界各地人民的粮食供应。 ——是的。他被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
考查动词短语。looked up查找；depended on依赖于；cared for关心；agreed with同意。根据下文“people’s food supply around the world”可知，此处指的是袁隆平一生都在关心世界各地人民的粮食供应。故选C。
31．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy (政策) to ________ the problem of ageing population (人口老龄化).
A．agree with B．start with C．compare with D．deal with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们政府正在寻找一些方法，包括三孩政策，来解决人口老龄化问题。
考查动词短语。agree with同意；start with开始；compare with比较；deal with处理。根据“the problem of ageing population”可知表达处理问题，用动词短语“deal with”。故选D。
32．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）— Mike, can you tell me the meaning of the letters “KIT”
— Don’t you know that They ________ “keep in touch”.
A．search for B．ask for C．look for D．stand for
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——迈克，你能告诉我字母“KIT”的意思吗？ ——你不知道吗？他们代表“保持联系”。
考查动词短语。search for搜索；ask for请求；look for寻找；stand for代表。根据语境可知，此处指的是“KIT”所代表的的含义，故此处应用动词短语stand for，故选D。
33．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）You should ________ your shoes before you enter the dancing room.
A．get off B．put off C．take off D．fall off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在进入舞蹈房之前，你应该脱掉鞋子。
考查动词短语辨析。get off 下车；put off延期；take off脱掉；fall off跌落。根据“You should…your shoes”可知，此处表示脱掉鞋子，故选C。
34．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）—The computer is working again!
—It ________ yesterday, but someone has fixed it.
A．broke down B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——电脑又开始工作了！——它昨天发生故障了，但有人修好了。
考查动词短语辨析。broke down发生故障；broke out爆发；broke into闯入；broke away脱离。根据后句“but someone has fixed it.”可知，应是电脑发生故障了。故选A。
35．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）The Tokyo Olympics will be held from July 23 to Aug 8. Chinese athletes （运动员）will _______ 155 events.
A．take part in B．take care of C．take pride in D．pay attention to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：东京奥运会将在7月23日到8月8日举行。中国运动员将参加155项赛事。
考查动词短语。take part in参与；take care of照顾；take pride in以……而自豪；pay attention to注意。根据“Chinese athletes ”及“155 events”可知表达“参与”，用动词短语“take part in”。故选A。
课后练习
1.【2020 江西省】The performer ________ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.
A. continued B. relaxed C. stopped D. won
【答案】C
【解析】句意：表演者停下来了，因为人群中传来太多的噪音。考查动词辨析。continued继续；relaxed放松；stopped停止；won赢。根据句意“…because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.”可知，因为人群中有噪音，所以表演者停下来，C选项符合语境，故选C。
2.【2020 辽宁丹东】—How's it going, Tina
—Great. My company has ________ me a good job.
A. offered B. provided C. introduced D. discovered
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——最近怎么样，蒂娜？——很好。我的公司给了我一份好工作。考查动词辨析。offered提供；provided提供；introduced介绍；discovered发现；根据句意理解可知，这里是表示“提供某人某物”，英语是offer sb sth，而provide的结构是provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb，分析句子结构可知，这里应该用offered，故选A。
3.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Parents always ________ us not to swim in the river in summer.
A. promise B. train C. warn D. show
【答案】C
【解析】句意：父母总是提醒我们夏天不要在河里游泳。考查动词辨析。promise承诺；train训练；warn提醒；show展示。根据语境可知，父母总是提醒我们夏天不要在河里游泳。故选C。
4.【2020 东营市】— My pet dog is lost, Mary.
— I’m sorry to hear that. Why not put an ad（广告）in the newspaper
— Don’t be silly. He can’t ________.
A. hear B. read C. speak D. write
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——玛丽，我的宠物狗丢了。——我很遗憾，为什么不在报纸上登个广告呢？——别傻了，他不识字。考查动词辨析。hear听到；read识字，阅读；speak讲话；write写。根据问句中“put an ad（广告）in the newspaper”可知，此处应使用read，表示“在报纸张登广告是没有用的，因为宠物狗不识字”。故选B。
5.【2020 东营市】5G, as a new global network （全球网络） after 3G and 4G, will certainly ________ our life in many ways.
A. copy B. break C. change D. control
【答案】C
【解析】句意：3G和4G之后，5G作为一种的新的全球网络，肯定会在很多方面影响我们的生活。考查动词。copy复制；break打破；change改变；control控制。根据“our life in many ways”可知此处用动词change表示“改变我们的生活”。故选C。
6.【2020 山东日照】It's good for us to ________ a good habit of reading.
A. develop B. choose C. accept D. pick
【答案】A
【解析】句意：对我们来说养成一个阅读的好习惯是好的。考查动词辨析。develop养成；choose选择；accept接受；pick拾起。固定句式：it’s+形容词+for sb+to do sth“对某人来说做某事……”，动词不定式作真正的主语，根据good 及a good habit of reading，可知，养成一个阅读的习惯是好的，所以空格处填develop。故选A。
7.【2020 山西省】—In summer vacation, I want to help parents ________ clothes in the square to make some money.
—Good idea. It's also a good chance to know about the society.
A. lend B. give C. sell
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——在暑假，我想帮父母在广场卖衣服来赚些钱。——好主意。这也是一个了解社会的好机会。考查动词辨析。lend借；give给；sell卖。根据clothes in the square to make some money，可知，在广场卖衣服来赚些钱，所以空格处填sell。故选C。
8.【2020 昆明市】As common people, the medical workers choose to stand out and ________others without thinking twice. They are the most beautiful angels.
A. protect B. protecting C. admire D. admiring
【答案】A
【解析】句意：作为普通人，医护人员会不假思索地挺身而出保护他人。他们是最美丽的天使。
考查动词辨析。protect保护；protecting动名词或现在分词形式；admire钦佩，赞美；admiring是动名词或现在分词形式。根据句意可知，医护人员站出来保护其他人，C和D意思不对，先排除。该空前and连接并列成分，与空前的stand out一致，应用动词原形。故选A。
9.【2020 安徽省】— Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really Make sure the news is true before you it.
A．receive B．spread C．cancel D．hear
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——嗨，吉尔。我想跟你分享关于珠穆朗玛峰高度的最新消息。——真的吗？在你传播这条消息前，要确保它是真的。考查动词辨析。receive接收；spread传播；cancel取消；hear听到。根据I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma及Make sure the news is true，可知，吉尔告诉对方，在传播关于珠穆朗玛峰高度这条消息前，要确保它是真的，所以空格处填spread。故选B。
10.【2020 福建省】On video, Doctor Zhong Nanshan ________ teenagers to study hard in the first lesson of this term.
A．allowed B．trained C．encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在视频上，钟南山医生在这学期的第一课上鼓励青少年们努力学习。考查动词辨析。allowed允许；trained训练；encouraged鼓励。根据句意理解及空格后to study hard 可知，空格表达的是“鼓励”，故选C。
11.【2020 天津市】I was busy this morning and didn’t have time to ________ my email.
A．waste B．punish C．believe D．check
【答案】D
【解析】句意：今天早上我很忙，没有时间检查我的邮件。考查动词。waste浪费；punish惩罚；believe相信；check检查。根据“my email”可知此处用动词check表示“检查邮件”。故选D。
12.【2020 天津市】I’ve just watched a TV programme about space. I hope ________on the moon one day.
A．walk B．walked C．walking D．to walk
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我刚看了一个关于太空的电视节目，我希望有一天我们可以在月球上行走。考查动词不定式。walk动词原形；walked动词的过去式/过去分词；walking动名词/现在分词；to walk动词不定式。表示“希望做某事”用hope to do;此处用to walk作宾语。故选D。
13.【2020 甘肃武威市】You can use " ________ " to be more polite.
A. please B. hello C. wow D. yeah
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你可以用“请”来显得更加有礼貌。考查动词辨析。please请；hello喂，你好；wow哇，表示吃惊；yeah是，对。根据句意“…to be more polite”可知，用please可以显得更有礼貌，故选A。
14.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】—Jack, let's have a picnic after school.
—Sorry. I have ________ Frank to work on the English report with him.
A. expected B. suggested C. promised
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——Jack，放学后我们去野餐吧。——对不起。我已答应Frank和他一起做英语报告。
考查动词辨析。expected期望；suggested建议；promised允诺。根据题干中“Jack, let’s have a picnic after school.”邀请Jack一起去野餐，回答“对不起”之后，此处应是说答应了Frank一起做英语报告，promise sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事。故选C。
15.【2020 吉林省】Lisa plans_____________ a new picture next week.
A. draw B. to draw C. drawing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：丽萨计划下周画一幅新的画。考查动词不定式。draw动词原形；to draw动词不定式；drawing动名词。表示“计划做某事”用plan to do表示，此处用to draw。故选B。
16.【2020 南通市】The children are jumping excitedly because they have _______ the design perfectly in groups.
A. completed B. controlled C. contacted D. caused
【答案】A
【解析】句意：孩子们兴奋地跳着，因为他们完美地完成了小组设计。考查动词辨析。completed完成；controlled控制；contacted接触；caused引起。根据The children are jumping excitedly孩子们兴奋地跳着，结合because they have ____ the design perfectly in groups.及备选词汇，可知应该是他们完美地完成了小组设计，所以completed符合题意，其它选项均语意不通,故选A。
17.【2020 江苏泰州市】—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree. Most poets (诗人) describe this season to ________ a feeling of sadness, but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope.
A. excuse B. express C. expect D. explain
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——刘禹锡的《秋歌》用不同的方式描述了秋天。——我同意。大多数诗人描述这个季节是为了表达一种悲伤的感觉，但在刘的眼里，秋天充满了生机和希望。考查动词辨析。excuse原谅，宽恕； express表达；expect 期盼；explain解释。根据空前的“describe this season描述这个季节”及空后的“a feeling of sadness悲伤的感觉”可知，此处是说表达一种悲伤的感觉。表达express符合语境。故选B。
18.【2020 江苏泰州市】More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions ________ the situation from getting worse.
A. stop B. stopping C. stopped D. to stop
【答案】D
【解析】句意：越来越多的青少年视力很差，因此父母和老师们应该采取行动来阻止情况变得更差。
考查动词不定式。stop动词原形；stopping动名词；stopped动词的过去式；to stop动词不定式。此处表达“采取行动做某事”用动词短语take actions to do,此处用动词不定式to stop。故选D。
19.【2020 无锡市】— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!
A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——嗯，某些东西闻起来很香。是蛋糕吗？我能尝尝吗？ ——手工制作的饼干。还带有点温度。尝尝吧！考查感官动词。A. feels感觉到；B. looks看起来；C. smells闻起来；D. tastes尝起来。根据问句中Is it a cake Can I try some 提示，提问者并没有摸到、看到或者尝到这个东西，只是闻到了它的气味并进行了猜测，故选C。
20.【2020 徐州市】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to ________ on the sea
A. float B. fly C. fall D. flow
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果钢比水重，为什么船能在海上漂浮？考查动词辨析。float漂浮；fly飞；fall落下；flow流动。根据语境可知，此处是询问“如果钢比水重，为什么船还能在海上漂浮”，故应用动词float。故选A。
21.【2020 扬州市】—I’m tired out. I have stayed up late the whole week.
—You'd better________ your time better and have things organized.
A. make B. have C. take D. manage
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我累坏了。整个星期我都熬夜了。——你最好把时间安排得更好，把事情安排好。
考查动词辨析。make使，制作；have有，使，让；take拿，花费；manage安排，经营，根据“stayed up late the whole week. 整个星期熬夜”，可知应把时间安排得更好，故选D。
22.【2020 无锡市】—We’ve discussed this many times. No jeans to the party!
—Very well then, if you ________. But where’s my suit
A. suggest B. imagine C. agree D. insist
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们已经讨论了很多次。 不能穿牛仔裤参加聚会！——那好吧， 如果你坚持的话。可是我的西装在哪里？考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；agree同意；insist坚持。根据语境“No jeans to the party”可知，不能穿牛仔裤参加聚会是一条要去“坚持”的规则。故选D。
23.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】—Andy, please ________the book on the floor.
—No problem.
A. pick up B. take off C. put on D. set up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Andy，请把地板上的书捡起来。——没有问题。考查动词短语。pick up捡起；take off脱下；put on穿上；set up设立、建立。由后面的the book on the floor，可知是让把地板上的书捡起来，所以pick up符合题意，其它选项均语意不通，故答案选A。
24.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】That photo made me think of my good friend. The underlined phrase means "________".
A. made … out of B. reminded … of C. came up with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：那张照片使我想起了我的好朋友。考查动词短语。made … out of由……制成；reminded … of提醒，使想起；came up with提出，想出。题干中“made ... think of”意为“使……想到”，与reminded ... of意思相近。故选B。
25.【2020 江苏省淮安市】My brother often _________ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.
A. puts up B. gives up C. opens up D. tidies up
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的哥哥经常放弃空余时间来帮助我的英语口语。考查动词短语。puts up张贴；gives up放弃；opens up开封；tidies up收拾。根据“his spare time to help me with my spoken English”可知此处用动词短语gives up表示“放弃空余的时间”。故选B。
26.【2020 南通市】— Hello! This is Kevin speaking. May I speak to Mr. Cao
— Please _________. I’ll put you through.
A. come on B. move on C. hold on D. try on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你好！我是凯文。我找曹先生。 ——稍等，我会把电话转给他。考查动词短语。come on（表示鼓励）来吧；move on继续前进；hold on稍等；try on试穿。根据下文I’ll put you through可知，此处回答者请说话者稍等，他会把电话转给曹先生。C选项符合句意，故选C。
27.【2020 江苏泰州市】Sandy seldom goes out at weekends because reading ________ most of her free time.
A. takes up B. takes on C. takes off D. takes out
【答案】A
【解析】句意：桑迪周末很少外出，因为读书占用了她大部分的空闲时间。考查动词短语辨析。takes up占用；takes on承担，接受；takes off 脱下，起飞；takes out取出，去掉。根据前面“seldom goes out很少外出”及空后的“most of her free time”可知，此处是表达“占用”了她大部分的空闲时间。故选A。
28.【2020 徐州市】We can________the TV. Nobody is watching it.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn up D. turn down
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们可以关掉电视。没人在看。考查动词短语。turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn up调高音量；turn down调低音量。根据“Nobody is watching it”可知，现在没有人看电视，所以可以把它关掉。故选A。
29.【2020 盐城市】These activities at bedtime can get kids excited and make it hard for them to and sleep.
A. come down B. break down C. calm down D. sit down
【答案】C
【解析】句意：睡前的这些活动会让孩子兴奋，很难让他们平静下来去入睡。考查动词短语。come down下降；break down分解；calm down平静下来；sit down坐下。根据语境及“get kids excited”可知，这里指的是难以让他们平静下来，结合选项，故选C。
30.【2020 扬州市】No matter how far you have gone down the wrong road, ________.
A. turn back B. turn off C. turn out D. turn over
【答案】A
【解析】句意：无论你在错误的道路上已经走了多远，都要回头。考查动词辨析。turn back 回来；turn off 关闭；turn out 结果是；turn over 翻转。根据“No matter how far you have gone down the wrong road”可知，走错了路就要返回来。故选A。
31.【2020 辽宁丹东】—You seem tired. What's wrong
—I ________ to study for my English test last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. cheered up D. stayed up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你好像很累。怎么了？——我昨天晚上熬夜为英语考试复习呢。考查动词短语辨析。picked up拾起，捡起；woke up叫醒；cheered up使振作起来；stayed up熬夜。根据句中的情景“You seemed tired”以及“…to study for my English test last night”可知，这里应表示熬夜复习，所以会非常疲惫。故选D。
32.【2020 辽宁锦州】—Bob, you have to finish your school project today.
—Don’t worry, mum. I won’t ________ today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. take off C. give up D. set up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——鲍勃，你今天必须完成学校的作业。——别担心，妈妈。我不会把今天的工作推迟到明天。考查动词短语。put off推迟；take off脱下；give up放弃；set up建立。根据题干中“Bob, you have to finish your school project today.”讲今天必须做完，可推出此处是说不会推到明天，用put off符合题意。故选A。
33.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Our government ________ to solve them quickly when we had difficulties at the beginning of this year.
A. took action B. took off C. took in D. took place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们在今年年初有困难的时候，我们政府采取行动迅速解决了它们。考查动词短语。took action采取行动；took off起飞；took in收留；took place发生。根据“to solve them quickly”可知此处用短语took action表示“采取行动解决困难”。故选A。
34.【2020 东营市】By the end of 2025, garbage-sorting systems （垃圾分类系统） will be ________ in Dongying.
A. set up B. given up C. shut off D. brought out
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到2025年年底，垃圾分类系统将在东营建立。考查动词短语。set up建立；given up放弃；shut off关闭；brought out生产（新产品）；出版，推出（图书或CD）。根据“garbage-sorting systems”可知此处表达“建立垃圾分类系统”，用动词短语set up。故选A。
35.【2020 青岛市】Please remember to ________ the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.
A. take off B. shut off C. go off D. put off
【答案】B
【解析】句意：请记得在离开实验室前关掉电源和水。考查动词短语。take off起飞，脱掉；shut off关掉；go off失去对……的兴趣，爆炸;put off推迟。根据“the electricity and water”可知此处表达“关掉电源和水”，用动词短语shut off。故选B。
36.【2020 安徽省】We are supposed to smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A．take up B．put away C．look into D．give out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们应该放下智能手机多做运动。考查动词短语辨析。take up拿起；put away把……收起来；look into调查；give out分发。根据句意可知，这里指的是放下手机，多做运动，结合选项，故选B。
37.【2020 天津市】Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success, and we ________ her.
A．come from B．stand for C．take pride in D．get ready for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：郎平是勇气和成功的象征，我们因她而自豪。考查动词短语。come from来自；stand for代表；take pride in因……而自豪；get ready for准备好。根据“a symbol of courage and success”可知此处表示“因她而自豪”用take pride in her。故选C。动词及动词短语
中考考察重点：
1. 动词辨析； 2. 动词短语辨析。
考察形式：单选、词汇完成句子等
动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗？
实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳
连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!
A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes
助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
动词的甚本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks；work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es catch→catches；go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es study→studies；try→tries
现在分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading；go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing see →seeing；toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing love→loving；write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing cut→cutting；put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying；lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned
动词短语
常见的动词短语类型:
动词+介词 laugh at嘲笑 point at指着 worry about担忧agree with赞成 ask for请求 talk about谈论
动词+副词 pick up捡起 grow up长大 look out当心 stay up熬夜
动词+名词 make progress取得进步 make faces做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with...和……交朋友give one’s life to...献身于……
动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 get along with相处融洽
动词+介词+名词 go to school去上学 go to bed上床睡觉
2.常见的动词短语:
take短语 take up占据 take away带走;拿走take off起飞;脱掉 take down写下;记下take out扣除 take place发生take care of照顾 take part in参加
make短语 make a decision作出决定 make a mistake犯错make a living谋生 make up组成;构成
turn短语 turn on打开 turn off关闭turn up开大;调高 turn down调低;关小turn in上交 turn out结果是
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服;让步give away捐赠 give out散发;分发give off发出(光、热等)
get短语 get to到达 get up起床;起来get over克服 get on上车get off下车 get together相聚get ready for...为……做准备
keep短语 keep out留在外面,不进入keep off使……不接近;回避某话题keep up with并驾齐驱;跟上keep away from远离keep in touch保持联系keep healthy保持健康
put短语 put up搭建;张贴 put on穿上;上演put off推迟;拖延 put out熄灭put away把……收起来 put down写下;记下put up with容忍
look短语 look at看 look for寻找look after照顾 look up查阅look through浏览 look around环顾
come短语 come on加油;快点 come out出现;出版come over突然感到 come along出现;跟随
go短语 go on继续 go back回到go away走开;离开 go by(时间)流逝go over仔细检查 go off熄灭;离开
(be)used to be used to doing sth.习惯做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事
think短语 think of构思出,想出think about考虑;关心;替……着想think over仔细考虑;慎重思考think up想出
fall短语 fall asleep入睡 fall behind落后fall off从……掉下 fall over摔倒;跌倒
have短语 have a good time玩得开心have fun doing sth.做某事很开心have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难have confidence in对……有信心have a look看一看have a meeting开会have a rest休息一下have a walk散步have a cold感冒have a picnic野餐
中考真题
（2021扬州市中考真题）
1. — How did you come to Baoying
— By high-speed rail. It _____________me only 28 minutes to get here.
spent B. paid C. lost D. took
2.He said that he would pass the exam and this _____________to be true.
A. turned out B. put out C. broke out D. tried out
（2021盐城市中考真题）
1. Alice often ________ the fun of doing DIY with us. She is so creative!
A. shares B. provides C. makes D. gives
2. —Hello! I’d like to speak to the Customer Service Department.
—Please ________ and I’ll put you through.
A. hold on B. carry on C. come on D. go on
（2021连云港市中考真题）
1.Jim, you’d better not ________ too much time on your mobile phone.
A．cost B．spend C．take D．pay
2.Wait politely, please. Don’t ________ on others.
A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut short
（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）
1.—Suzy, your room is really in a mess.
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll ________ right now.
A．tidy up B．put up C．look up D．stay up
（2021常州市中考真题）
1．Don't _________ your child with others because every child is a treasure.
A．compare B．complain C．contact D．consider
2．My cousin is creative enough to _________ the new challenging task.
A．take on B．take out C．put up D．put in
（2021南京市中考真题）
1. The drama “Yuhuayao” ________ citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Party’s history.
A. provided B. guarded C. compared D. protected
（2021无锡市中考真题）
1. 一You added sugar in my tea It terrible!
一Sorry, madam. I'll pour you another cup right away.
A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes
2. 一I don't like the sleeping bag, Dad.
一What do you , Bob It's a camp, not a hotel.
A. suggest B. imagine C. expect D. wish
（2021泰州市中考真题）
1. We should pay much attention to saving natural resources. Otherwise, they will one day.
A. put out B. run out C. get out D. sell out
巩固练习
1．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）My mother often ________ me a story in the evening.
A．tells B．says C．speaks D．talks
2．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What do you think of Jack
—He is honest. All of us ________ him.
A．trust B．refuse C．protect D．hate
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the Spring Festival
—No, I was ______ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.
A．praised B．taught C．warned D．advised
4．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
5．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）It’s parents’ job to ________ a clean and comfortable environment at home ________ their children.
A．support; with B．offer; with C．give; for D．provide; for
6．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why does our chemistry teacher often ________ her
—Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.
A．praise B．forget C．control D．hurt
7．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Would you please ________ what you said
—Sure. I asked you to have a rest. It’s too hot today.
A．show B．spell C．review D．repeat
8．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Hi, Ann. Do you know where your English teacher Mr. Liu is
— He ________ be in the classroom. It’s the English class now.
A．can B．must C．may D．need
9．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）—What about going for a picnic this weekend
—I’d like to, but the final exam is coming. I ________ to stay at home.
A．prefer B．discover C．refuse D．achieve
10．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car I can’t ________ it anywhere!
A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out
11．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— I’ll go back to my hometown, honey. ________ to buy me a ticket, please.
— OK, single or return
A．Regret B．Remain C．Require D．Remember
12．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）—What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made!
—That’s true. So far it has ________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected C．requested D．encouraged
13．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It ________ Zhang Guimei many years to help about 1,800 girl students in poor areas realize their college dreams.
A．took B．spent C．cost
14．（2021·新疆中考真题）— I saw Mr. Li in his office just now.
— No, it ______ be him. He has ______ Guangzhou and will be back in two days.
A．mustn’t；gone to B．mustn’t；been to C．can’t；been to D．can’t；gone to
15．（2021·湖北荆州市·中考真题）— Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
— Yes, she ______ the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．educated B．created C．memorized D．dreamed
16．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
17．（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it ________ so good.
A．sounds B．tastes C．smells
18．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— Is the man Mr. Yang
— It ______ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t
19．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you __________a life without it
A．imagine B．expect C．understand
20．（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）— Do you have any new findings in the report
— Yes, we have ________ 10,000 people, and 90% of them would like to buy our new products.
A．chosen B．surveyed C．examined D．listed
21．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Lingling’s father tried his best to ________ who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident.
A．work out B．find out C．look out D．come out
22．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Stop playing computer games. It ________ too much of your time.
A．takes up B．takes off C．takes back D．takes down
23．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What happened to Robert
—He ________ from the tree and hurt his left leg.
A．fell down B．fell over C．went off D．went by
24．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What is Tom doing
—He is ________ the English speech in the hall.
A．paying for B．preparing for C．caring for D．looking for
25．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out
26．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）The minute the alarm clock ________, I got up and took a quick shower.
A．went by B．went out C．went off
27．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Jim, please help me ________ the tent.
—OK. I’m coming. It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.
A．get on B．get off C．pull down D．put up
28．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.
—She ________ a good voice. Nobody taught her.
A．takes care of B．is similar to C．looks forward to D．is born with
29．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— China’s Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!
— What exciting news! Let’s ________ more information about it on the Internet.
A．find out B．hear of C．shut off D．think about
30．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Yuan Longping ________ people’s food supply(粮食供应) around the world during his life.
— Yeah. He is regarded as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”(杂交水稻之父).
A．looked up B．depended on C．cared for D．agreed with
31．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy (政策) to ________ the problem of ageing population (人口老龄化).
A．agree with B．start with C．compare with D．deal with
32．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）— Mike, can you tell me the meaning of the letters “KIT”
— Don’t you know that They ________ “keep in touch”.
A．search for B．ask for C．look for D．stand for
33．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）You should ________ your shoes before you enter the dancing room.
A．get off B．put off C．take off D．fall off
34．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）—The computer is working again!
—It ________ yesterday, but someone has fixed it.
A．broke down B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
35．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）The Tokyo Olympics will be held from July 23 to Aug 8. Chinese athletes （运动员）will _______ 155 events.
A．take part in B．take care of C．take pride in D．pay attention to
课后练习
1.【2020 江西省】The performer ________ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.
A. continued B. relaxed C. stopped D. won
2.【2020 辽宁丹东】—How's it going, Tina
—Great. My company has ________ me a good job.
A. offered B. provided C. introduced D. discovered
3.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Parents always ________ us not to swim in the river in summer.
A. promise B. train C. warn D. show
4.【2020 东营市】— My pet dog is lost, Mary.
— I’m sorry to hear that. Why not put an ad（广告）in the newspaper
— Don’t be silly. He can’t ________.
A. hear B. read C. speak D. write
5.【2020 东营市】5G, as a new global network （全球网络） after 3G and 4G, will certainly ________ our life in many ways.
A. copy B. break C. change D. control
6.【2020 山东日照】It's good for us to ________ a good habit of reading.
A. develop B. choose C. accept D. pick
7.【2020 山西省】—In summer vacation, I want to help parents ________ clothes in the square to make some money.
—Good idea. It's also a good chance to know about the society.
A. lend B. give C. sell
8.【2020 昆明市】As common people, the medical workers choose to stand out and ________others without thinking twice. They are the most beautiful angels.
A. protect B. protecting C. admire D. admiring
9.【2020 安徽省】— Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really Make sure the news is true before you it.
A．receive B．spread C．cancel D．hear
10.【2020 福建省】On video, Doctor Zhong Nanshan ________ teenagers to study hard in the first lesson of this term.
A．allowed B．trained C．encouraged
11.【2020 天津市】I was busy this morning and didn’t have time to ________ my email.
A．waste B．punish C．believe D．check
12.【2020 天津市】I’ve just watched a TV programme about space. I hope ________on the moon one day.
A．walk B．walked C．walking D．to walk
13.【2020 甘肃武威市】You can use " ________ " to be more polite.
A. please B. hello C. wow D. yeah
14.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】—Jack, let's have a picnic after school.
—Sorry. I have ________ Frank to work on the English report with him.
A. expected B. suggested C. promised
15.【2020 吉林省】Lisa plans_____________ a new picture next week.
A. draw B. to draw C. drawing
16.【2020 南通市】The children are jumping excitedly because they have _______ the design perfectly in groups.
A. completed B. controlled C. contacted D. caused
17.【2020 江苏泰州市】—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree. Most poets (诗人) describe this season to ________ a feeling of sadness, but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope.
A. excuse B. express C. expect D. explain
18.【2020 江苏泰州市】More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions ________ the situation from getting worse.
A. stop B. stopping C. stopped D. to stop
19.【2020 无锡市】— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!
A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes
20.【2020 徐州市】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to ________ on the sea
A. float B. fly C. fall D. flow
21.【2020 扬州市】—I’m tired out. I have stayed up late the whole week.
—You'd better________ your time better and have things organized.
A. make B. have C. take D. manage
22.【2020 无锡市】—We’ve discussed this many times. No jeans to the party!
—Very well then, if you ________. But where’s my suit
A. suggest B. imagine C. agree D. insist
23.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】—Andy, please ________the book on the floor.
—No problem.
A. pick up B. take off C. put on D. set up
24.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】That photo made me think of my good friend. The underlined phrase means "________".
A. made … out of B. reminded … of C. came up with
25.【2020 江苏省淮安市】My brother often _________ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.
A. puts up B. gives up C. opens up D. tidies up
26.【2020 南通市】— Hello! This is Kevin speaking. May I speak to Mr. Cao
— Please _________. I’ll put you through.
A. come on B. move on C. hold on D. try on
27.【2020 江苏泰州市】Sandy seldom goes out at weekends because reading ________ most of her free time.
A. takes up B. takes on C. takes off D. takes out
28.【2020 徐州市】We can________the TV. Nobody is watching it.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn up D. turn down
29.【2020 盐城市】These activities at bedtime can get kids excited and make it hard for them to and sleep.
A. come down B. break down C. calm down D. sit down
30.【2020 扬州市】No matter how far you have gone down the wrong road, ________.
A. turn back B. turn off C. turn out D. turn over
31.【2020 辽宁丹东】—You seem tired. What's wrong
—I ________ to study for my English test last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. cheered up D. stayed up
32.【2020 辽宁锦州】—Bob, you have to finish your school project today.
—Don’t worry, mum. I won’t ________ today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. take off C. give up D. set up
33.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Our government ________ to solve them quickly when we had difficulties at the beginning of this year.
A. took action B. took off C. took in D. took place
34.【2020 东营市】By the end of 2025, garbage-sorting systems （垃圾分类系统） will be ________ in Dongying.
A. set up B. given up C. shut off D. brought out
35.【2020 青岛市】Please remember to ________ the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.
A. take off B. shut off C. go off D. put off
36.【2020 安徽省】We are supposed to smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A．take up B．put away C．look into D．give out
37.【2020 天津市】Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success, and we ________ her.
A．come from B．stand for C．take pride in D．get ready for
