北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 ：Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs（含答案）

nit 12 Innovation Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs——2021-2022学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册同步课时作业
一、填空
1.It's really hard to repair the car with so many _____ (break) parts.
2.I remember _____ (put) my book on the table this morning. But I can't find it anywhere.
3._____ (compete) between schools for getting better students becomes more and more serious.
4._____ (sudden) a ball hit me on my head and I fell down on the ground.
5.I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an _____ (attract), fun-filled place are happier than others.
6.The price of this dress is _____ (reason), but I can't afford it.
7.Try to act _____ (nature), even if you are tense.
8._____ (luck), Peter didn't get the job.
9.The first lesson was very _____ (enjoy). I like it a lot!
10.Painting is a _____ (create) process.
二、语法填空
Elias, who tells Nelson Mandela's story, is a common black in South Africa. Everything mentioned in the story is true. He supported ANC and was sent to Robben Island, ①_______ he stayed for 4 years, suffering a lot from the beatings and ②_______ (cruel) of the guards. He then spent 20 years ③_______ (try) to get another job, which was ④_______ very difficult period of time in his life.
Elias now takes ⑤_______ (tourist) around his former prison and he tells them how he ⑥_______ (fight) for his beliefs in those days. After he left Robben Island, Elias tried many times ⑦_______ (make) a career for himself. Each time he ⑧_______ (successful) got a job, the secret police would tell his employers his time in prison and always he ⑨_______ (lose) his job.
You can visit Robben Island, as it is now a museum and open ⑩_______ visitors. There are no prisons any more.
三、阅读理解
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
1.What is the recent study mainly about
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：broken
2.答案：putting
3.答案：Competition
4.答案：Suddenly
5.答案：attractive
6.答案：reasonable
7.答案：naturally
8.答案：Unluckily
9.答案：enjoyable
10.答案：creative
二、语法填空
答案：where; cruelty; trying; a; tourists; was fighting/ fought; to make; successfully; would lose; to
解析：本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个名为Elias的黑人的故事。
①考查定语从句。句意:他支持非洲人国民大会,被送到罗宾岛,在那里他待了4年,卫兵们的毒打和虐待使他吃尽苦头。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Robben Island,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
②考查词性转换。句意同上题。and连接两个并列名词,形容词cruel的名词形式是cruelty。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:后来他花费20年试图寻找另一份工作,那是他人生当中非常艰难的一段时间。spend time(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,故填trying。
④考查冠词。句意同上题。a period of time一段时间,故填a。
⑤考查名词复数。句意:Elias现在带着游客们参观他之前的监狱……。游客不止一个,所以用复数tourists。
⑥考查时态。句意:……他告诉游客们他在那段日子里如何为了信念而奋斗。in those days指的是坐牢的口子,跟现在比是过去,所以用过去进行时或者一般过去时,故填was fighting或者fought。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:……Elias为了给自己谋份职业尝试了很多次。这里用动词不定式表示目的,故填to make。
⑧考查副词。句意:每次他成功地找到一份工作,秘密警察就会告诉雇主他坐过牢,而他总会失去自己的工作。修饰动词got需要用副词,故填successfully。
⑨考查时态。句意同上题。and连接两个并列分句the secret police would tell his employers his time in prison和always he 9(lose)his job,这两个分句所用的时态应该是一致的,前边的分句用的是would tell,所以后边的分句用would lose。
⑩考查介词。此处指现在它是一家博物馆,对游客开放。be open to...对……开放。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-4.DDAC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的内容"《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明,我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量,而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食"可知,最近的研究主要与饮食行为有关,故D项正确。
2.考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句"And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid"可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据"contrary to"可知,画线词与heavier people含义相反,故D项正确。
3.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments"可知,为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响,故A项正确。
4.考查推理判断。根据尾段中的"If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I... because I see the results of his eating habits"可知,如果这个同伴打算吃得更多,我也会吃得更多;但是,我们将调整影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多,我会稍微保留一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知,我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的,故C项正确。