2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句精讲课件（51张）

(共51张PPT)
高
中
语
法
课
定语从句精讲
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定语从句的用法
Which one is Harry Porter
The handsome boy is Harry Porter
Which one is Harry Porter
The boy _______________________ is Harry Porter .
who is wearing glasses
定语从句
The boy _______________
is Harry Porter .
with glasses
后置定语
目
录
语
从
定
句
一、概念:　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
(在句子中作定语)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that，as
where, when，why
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二、分类:
分类 用法 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系。从句不能省略，否则主句的意思不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。
非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明或描绘的作用。先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开,如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。
Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.
I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommend to me.
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达。
不用逗号分开。 一般使用逗号分开。
可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that
关系代词可以省略，that, who, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词不可以省略。
关系代词可以替代，whom作宾语时可用who或that替代。 关系代词不能替代。
读时不停顿。 读时停顿，用降调。
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子。 既可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导。
I know nothing that happened last night.
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
三、用法:
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
as
which
先行词是物
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
引导定语从句的关系代词
as在限定性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物；在非限定定语从句中，as指代整个句子。
As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.
Have a try
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
5. We have found such actors as are suitable for the film.
( )
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
主语
主语 宾语 定语
指人 who that whom（优先） who that whose
（of whom）
指物 Which that Which that Whose
(of which)
指人和物 that as that as whose
（一）引导定语从句的关系代词
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别.
① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
作主语
② whom 作定语从句的宾语
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
分解
作宾语
注意：在现代英语中，whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替，但是从句中如有介词提到关系代词前，whom直接在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替。
例：In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. (四川高考)
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is Dili Reba.
可省略
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is Cai Xukun.
That即可指人也可指物，指人时可与who, whom互换，指物时可以与which互换。That在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时，可以省略。
That is the place (which / that) all of us are eager to visit.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语
(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解
I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
I have a book whose cover is yellow.
Whose可以由什么替代？
of whom 或of which
who / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语)
/ that
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The boy is my friend.
I ‘m looking for the boy
The boy ( who/ whom/ that ) I ‘m looking for is my friend.
先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系
= of which the door
= the door of which
They live in a house whose door is blue.
eg: 他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。
= of whom the daughter
= the daughter of whom
eg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语
可省略
Which先行词指物或一句话，which在定从中作主语、宾语。
在限定性定语从句中可以与that互换。
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
作主语，指代前面整个句子
3. 只能用that的情况—两端全无表
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
② 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
④　everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
③先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等词修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
⑥先行词在从句中做表语 。
Bob isn’t the boy that he used to be in the past.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑦ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
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3. 只能用which的情况
1. The vocal concert of Deng Ziqi was put off, that astonished me.
句子改错：
2. This is a house in that Wang Yibo once lived.
3. Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help you improve your English.
4. What’s that that flashed through the sky just now
1.在非限制性定语从句中用which,不用that.
2.当关系代词中有介词时，用which不用that.
3.当先行词后面有插入语时，用which不用that.
4.当先行词本身就是that时，用which不用that.
4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which
This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
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Practice:
用关系代词that或which填空
I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault.
Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
All the presents ________ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
He was late for the opening ceremony, _________ was very surprising to me.
1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher
is her daughter.
2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with
is a famous singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak
English very well.
4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from
the library.
5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.
who/that
(who/whom/that)
whose
which/that
(that/which)
巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空
巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空
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5. 关系代词as 和which的区别
1)只用as不用which的情况
As和which都可以引导非限定定从，指代整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，有时两者可以互换。
用法 例句
当定语从句置于主句前面时 As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
关系词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时，从句谓语通常为：be known, be said, be reported, be announced, be mentioned等 She has been absent again, as is expected.
在下列习惯用语中：as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it) was pointed out, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember , as I understand, as (it) appears, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as we have expected Jack has won first prize, as it often happens.
She has read widely in Romantic Literature, as it appears from her essay.
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5. 关系代词as 和which的区别
1)通常用which不用as的情况
用法 例句
关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句或定语从句的谓语带有一个复合宾语结构时 I don’t think that he will come to see me, which makes me sad.
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时 He pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中的be动词不能省略时用which; 反之用as Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.
As (was) planned, we met at the airport. （was可省略）
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when, where, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
（二）引导定语从句的关系副词
1. This is the place where I was born.
2. I remember the day when I first met him.
3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me
关系副词
When=on(in,during…)which
where=on(in,in front of…)which
Why=for which
（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代
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when
when可用in/on/at/during +which 代替
1.I still remember the day.
2.I first met him on the day.
I still remember the day on which
I first met him.
=when
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where
where可用in/on/at/to + which代替
1.The dictionary is the only place.
2. Success comes before work
in the dictionary.
The dictionary is the only place in which
success comes before work.
where
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ABC
1.America is the country.
2.I was born in the country.
America is the country in which I was born.
where
BBC
Beijing is the city in which I was born.
where
=American born Chinese
=Beijing born Chinese
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why
why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason.
2.I was late for school for this reason.
This is the reason for which I was
late for school.
why
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关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语
关系副词在定语从句中作状语
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there.
The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.
where/in which
(that/which)
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
2. I will never forget the day_______________
I met you.
I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.
when/on which
(that/which)
The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him.
(that/which)
why/for which
3. The reason ________________ I don’t
know the thing is that I was not there
at that time.
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
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定语从句高考中的应用
定语从句在高考阅读中的运用
2020年全国卷三 阅读B
One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is “keeping taps on” more that 2000 productions.
What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
Listing completely B. Directing professionally
C. Promoting successfully D. watching carefully
定语从句在高考阅读中的运用
2019年全国卷三 阅读B
Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.
What does Hill say about Chinese models
They are setting the fashion B. They start many fashion campaigns
C. They admire super models D. They do business all over the world.
Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.
My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.
The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.
whom
whose
which
Exercise
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
4. My parents live in a house__________
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is
my brother.
which/that
whom
6. Kevin is reading a book __________
is too difficult for him.
which/that
句子翻译
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
下
课
啦
！