2022届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致讲解课件（26张）

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主谓一致
知识点详解
01
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语法概念：
主谓一致是指在英语中，句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：
因为中文中没有“主谓一致”的要求，所以要求大家专门地，特意地观察注意“主谓一致”
一、主谓一致的原则
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：
1. 语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语一般用单数形式
主语为复数形式，谓语一般用复数形式
①The book is Mary’s. The books are Mary's.
②Time is very precious.
2. 意义一致原则：尽管主语是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语用复数形式
The crowd are arguing and fighting. Don’t get close to them.
3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，如“There be 句型”即适用这一原则。
①There is a book and two pens on the desk.
②There are two books and a pen on the desk.
二、主谓一致的具体应用
语法一致
1.可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数;可数名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。
注意：不可数名词 当单数处理； 单复数同形的词或即可数又不可数的词，要看表达含义来决定①Time is very precious.
②Deer run faster than dogs.
③Deer is a valuable species.
常见不可数名词：
advice, news, information, progress, , homework, fun, weather, music, health, luck，baggage, money, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, information, knowledge, luggage, traffic
即可数又不可数名词：
work， fish，people 等集合类名词
单复数同形：
deer鹿，fish鱼，sheep绵羊，means手段，species 种类，Chinese，Japanese等表达国籍的词
复形单义：
学科类词： maths， physics, politics
二、主谓一致的具体应用
2.当主语由and，both...and..连接时,谓语一般用复数;
但由and 连接的并列主语前分别有every，each，no 修饰时,谓语用单数。
①Both you and he have a chance of getting the job.
②Every girl and every boy has the right to receive education.每个女孩和男孩都有受教育的权利。
③No boy and no girl is interested in this sport.
3.当主语后面有修饰语,如with, together with, along with, as well as. besides, including, in addition to, rather than,like,expect,but等时,谓语与前面的主语保持一致。(就远一致)
①The girl together with her parents is having lunch.这位女孩儿和她的父母正在吃午饭。
②She as well as her sisters is coming to see you.她和她妹妹们都将来看你。
4. many a(许多)和 more than one(不止一个)+单数可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment.
More than one game is lost.
5.定语从句修饰“one of+复数名词"时,定语从句中的谓语用复数;而定语从句修饰“the only one of+ 复数名词”时,定语从句中的谓语用单数。
①She is one of the students who have been to Beijing.
②She is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing.
6.“a(great/good) number of+ 复数名词”作主语时,谓语用复数;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。
①A number of trees are planted every year.每年都种很多树。
②The number of students in our school is 6000.我们学校学生的数量是6000
7. “分数或百分数+of +名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。
e.g. Only one third of the work was done yesterday.
Three fourths of the students come to school on time.
8.表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
e.g. A pair of trousers is on the bed.
My blue trousers have worn out.
1. 集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。
e.g. The team is the best in the league.
The team are driving to the game in their own cars. （team 意为“队员们”）
2.单个动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,表示一件事情,谓语用单数;
两个或两个以上动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语并且由and 等词连接时,表示两件或两件以上的事情谓语用复数。
①Taking exercise is good for your health.锻炼对你的健康有好处。
②Whether they will come is not known.他们是否会来还不知道。
③What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.
二、主谓一致的具体应用
意义一致
3. 不定代词作主语
由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。
e.g. Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.
Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in.
注意：all比较特殊，指代人用复数，指代物用单数。
All are here and all is ready.所有人都到齐了，一切都准备好了。
4.and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时谓语常用复数;但如果and连接的两个单数名词指同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语用单数,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。①A teacher and a writer are going to give us a lecture.一位教师和一位作家要给我们做演讲。②A teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture.一位教师兼作家要给我们做演讲。
5. “the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时, 表示一类可数的人或事物, 如 the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the living 等作主语时,谓语用复数。
e.g. ①The old are well taken care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
②The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital.伤者已被送到最近的医院。
6.当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Seven kilometers was covered in two hours.
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.
Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer.
1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。
e.g. Either his brother or his friends are wrong.
Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.
2.there be句型中的be应与离其最近的名词的单复数保持一致。
①There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。
②There are two books and a pen on the desk.桌上有两本书和一支笔。
二、主谓一致的具体应用
就近一致
高考真题链接
02
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1. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
（2019全国卷I语法填空）
are
2. Dose the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question __________________ (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
（2019北京卷语法填空）
suggests/ suggested/
has suggested
3. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
（2019天津卷单项填空 ）
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
C
4. There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________________ (have) to worry about fashion.
（2019浙江卷语法填空）
has/ will have
5. The musician along with his band members ____ ten performances in the last three months.
（2019江苏卷单项填空 ）
A. gives B. has given
C. have given D. give
6. While running regularly can’t make you
live forever, the review says it ________
more effective at lengthening life than
walking, cycling or swimming.
（2018全国卷I语法填空）
B
is
巩固练习
03
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1. The only means of communication between them ____ sign language.
2. All means ___been tried out to increase agricultural production.
3. Two thirds of the trees ____been cut down.
4. Most of her time __ spent on work.
5. The rest of the book ___very interesting.
6. There ___ more than one answer to your question.
7. Many a critic __ satisfied with the play.
8. Maths __ one of the most important courses in the senior school.
9. The Times ____Britain’s oldest national daily.
答案：was have have is is is is is is
找出下面短文中的语法错误并改正。
A
The Columbia Icefield
The Rocky Mountains, on the border of the
provinces of Alberta and British Columbia,
has many attractions for tourists. One
attraction is the Columbia Icefield. This
huge field of ancient ice cover 125 square
kilometers.
have
covers
B
Calcium, which is one of the world’s most
common elements, are important for growing
strong bones and teeth. Every animal require
calcium for its health. Calcium is also used for
many other purposes. Calcium has been used
as a building material as far back as Ancient
Egyptian times.
is
requires