Unit10 I've had this bike for three years ? 现在完成时课件 (共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成
3.现在完成时的时间状语
2.现在完成时的主要用法
6.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
5.have been to与have gone to比较
4.短暂性动词与时间段的关系
1.现在完成时的构成
e.g:
① Mother : Tom , do your homework now.
Tom : I have finished my homework.
② Mother :clean your room now.
Tom: I have already cleaned it up.
Have/has +过去分词
现在完成时的基本句型
肯定句型：主语+have/has+过去分词
一般疑问句型：have/has +主语+过去分词？
否定句型：主语+have/has+not+过去分词
肯定句：I have seen the film.
否定句 : I haven’t seen the film.
一般疑问句: Have you seen the film
肯定回答: Yes, I have.
否定回答： No, I haven’t.
2.现在完成时的主要用法
用法1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
Eg: ① I have already read Little Women. So I know the story .
用法2. 表示过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作。
Eg: ① I have known Bob for five years.
② They have lived here since ten years ago.
② The girl has finished her homework. She is free now.
3.现在完成时的时间状语
在用法1中常与already ,yet ,ever ,never ,just等词连用。
Already
常用于肯定句中（助后实前）和句末。“已经”
Eg. I have already had breakfast.
=I have had breakfast already.
注意：有already 的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时，判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词。
Eg. She is already 80 years old.
yet
yet 有两种意思。
否定句：句末 “还没”
疑问句：句末“已经”
Eg: ① I haven’t finished my homework yet.
② Have you finished your homework yet
注意：含有already的肯定句变否定句或疑问句时，
already 要变成yet.
Eg: I have already had my breakfast.
否定句：I haven’t had my breakfast yet.
一般疑问句：Have you had your breakfast yet
ever 与 never
1. ever 用在肯定句或疑问句中，翻译为“曾经”
Eg. I have ever been to Hangzhou.
Have you ever been to Hangzhou
2.Never 用在否定句中，翻译为“从来没有”。
Eg : I have never been to Hangzhou.
注意:① 带ever 的肯定句变否定句时， 要将ever变成never.
②带ever的一般疑问句做否定回答时，用no, never.
Eg: He has ever been to Beijing .（否定句）
He has never been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing （作否定回答）
No , never.
在用法2中，常与for或since 引导的时间状语连用。
For+一段时间
Eg : I have lived here for 5 years.
Since +
时间点（一段时间）
词组
从句（一般过去时）
eg: I have been here since 2010.
I have been here since 8 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2010.
注意：对for或since 引导的时间状语提问，必须用how long ,绝不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here
短暂性动词不能与for 或since引导的时间状语连用。
1. His grandfather has died for 10 years.
×
His grandfather has been dead for ten years.
2. I have bought this watch for five years.
×
×
×
I have had this watch for five years.
3.He has come back for 3 days.
He has been back for 3 days.
4. I have left hometown for ten years.
I have been away from hometown for ten years.
√
√
√
√
4.短暂性动词与时间段的关系
短暂性动词与持续性动词的转换
短暂性动词 持续性动词
borrow Have Kept
buy Have had
go there Been there
Come here Been here
Come back Been back
Die Been dead
Leave Been away (from)
Get married Been married
Join Been in
但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。
Eg: He hasn’t bought the bike for one year.
1. Have been to 曾经去过某地。当事人已经回来，不在某地了。常与once twice次数 或ever never 连用。
例如：I have been to Beijing twice.
2. Have gone to 去了某地。当事人不在现场， 一般不用于第一人称，第二人称。
例如: where is Tom
He has gone to Shanghai .He isn’t here.
练一练 用have been to have gone to 填空。
1 He ________________ the History Museum several times.
2 Where is Mr. Wang
He __________________ the library.He wants to borrow some books.
has been to
has gone to
5.have been to与have gone to比较
Has been in
表示已经待在某地多长时间，常与时间段连用。
Eg: Tom has been in Australia for 12 years.
6 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
现在完成时发生在过去，但强调对现在造成的影响。所以它不能与过去的时间状语连用。像yesterday, last week, 5 years ago, 1990. 但是一般过去时只表示过去的动作与状态，和现在不发生联系， 它可以和过去的时间状语连用。
Eg: I have seen film . I know the film.（我已看过这部电影，我了解它）
I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这不电影）
He has lived here since 2000.（他现在还住在这儿。）
He lived here in 2000.（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）
Practice 用动词的适当形式填空
1. ________ he _________(see) the film yet
Yes, _________ ___________.
When _________ he ________(see) it
He __________ it last week.
2. she _____________ (go) to Pairs, hasn’t he
3. Mr Chen ___________ (give ) up smoking since last year.
has given
hasn’t gone
saw
see
did
has
he
seen
Has
Practice 用since或for 填空。
The film has been on _______ 30 minutes.
Mr Green has worked here __________ 1992.
His grandparents have been dead ____________ several years ago.
We haven’t seen each other _________ 10 years ago.
Tom has worn glasses __________ he was 7 years old.
for
since
since
Since
since
Practice 用 have been in, have been to 或have gone to 填空。
1 Tom isn’t here , he ____________ Beijing .
2 Tim _____________ the Great Wall several times.
3Tom ________________ Beijing for 10 years.
has gone to
has been in
has been to
Practice 句型转换
1 He has already gone home.(变否定句）
He ______ _______ __________ home ________
2 Mr Green has lived here for ten years. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ _________ Mr Green __________ here
3 He has already had lunch.(一般疑问句）
_________ he _________ lunch _______
4 Has he ever been to Beijing (作否定回答）
_______,____________
has
not
has
gone
never
yet
Has
yet
lived
No
How long
had