2022中考英语二轮复习——名词课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
2022中考英语二轮复习
名词
感悟中考
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2021黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西中考)Me and My Motherland is a famous movie and I have seen it twice in the 　　　.
A.bank　　B.cinema　　C.supermarket
2.(2021湖北襄阳中考)China is making 　　　to help more developing countries fight against COVID-19.
A.a decision　　B.a mess C.an effort　　D.a mistake
B
C
感悟中考
3.(2021山东东营中考)—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His 　　　on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A.surveys　　 B.reports C.researches　　 D.achievements
4.(2021浙江温州中考)Mike, a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for 　　　. He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.
A.art　　B.sport　　C.music　　D.science
5.(2021重庆中考A卷)There are many 　　teachers in this primary school.
A.woman　　 B.woman’s C.women　　D.women's
D
A
C
感悟中考
Ⅱ.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词
1.(2021四川宜宾中考)Cross country races usually take place in all 　w____________conditions, hot or cold.
2.(2021四川德阳中考)Yuan Longping's d　　　 made the whole country sad.
3.(2021四川南充中考)We'll have a party to celebrate our motherland's birthday on O　　　1st.
weather
death
October
感悟中考
4.(2021四川自贡中考)Speak English as much as possible and you'll make great p　　　 in spoken English one day.
5.(2021四川眉山中考)More than 200 v______________ in our university are sent to teach in the poor areas every year.
progress
volunteers
名词
知识导图
名词词义辨析：分为同类名词，不同类名词和近义词辨析
用所给名词的适当形式填空（填原形，复数，所有格，形容词）
名词单复数
名词所有格
名词变形容词
可数名词单数变复数
规则变化
不规则变化
集合名词：常以复数形式出现的名词
不可数名词
抽象名词；物质名词
不可数名词量的表达
n.+ -y/-ful/-al/-ly/-less/-ern/-ese/-ish
’s所有格
of所有格：一般用于无生命的名词，表示所属关系
双重所有格:of+可数名词’s ;of+名词性物主代词
①’s类：大多数名词的所有格是由名词加’s构成的
② ’类：以-s结尾的单数名词或复数名词在其后面加’构成所有格
考点一 名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析突破方法有两点：
1.夯实基础知识，对大纲名词进行专项记忆，记清易混词汇的细微差别。
2.注重审题，反复翻译句意，抓住题干中的关键信息，在具体语言环境中加以辨析。
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
常考的名词汇总
A: activity, address, advertisement, advantage, advice, attention, athlete, action, ability
B: balance, bottom, business, background , break
C: challenge, chance, change, collection, contribution, choice, competition, cause, custom, courage, care, communication, condition, culture
D: decision, design, difference, discussion, duty, distance, description, director, danger, direction, degree, development, difficulty, discovery
E: education, effort, energy, experiment, expression, environment, excuse, exhibition, experience, explanation, example, exercise
F: fact, fear, field, feeling, fun, fight, force, form, friendship, future
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
常考的名词汇总
H: habit, hobby, honour, health, hope
I: information, idea, interest, importance, invention, interview, influence, instruction, invitation, instrument, introduction
J: job, joke, journey
K: knowledge
L: language, laughter, lesson, level, life, list, luck
M: meaning, member , mess, mood, message, method, mind, material
N: nature, news, note, notice, number, noise
O: offer, opinion, opportunity, organization, object, order
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
常考的名词汇总
P: pain, patient, peace, protection, progress, problem, promise, pride, pity, pleasure, present, price, program, purpose
R: reason, relation, result, report, research, regret, relationship, reply, rule
S: service, shape, stranger, safety, saying, secret, sight, style, support, sign, silence, skill, success, suggestion, sense, situation, system, square, surface, space
T: temperature, trade, treat, truth, thought, treasure, transport,
V: voice, volunteer, value, victory
W: waste, way, wealth, weight, wish, worry
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
考点训练
1. —The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.
—Sometimes small things can make a ____________.
A. promise B. conversation C. difference D. discussion
2.Spending too much ______ playing computer games is bad for your ______.
A. time; eye B. time; eyes C. times; eyes
C
B
考点突破
2
考点一 名词词义辨析
考点训练
3.—Can I help you, Madam
—Yes. I’d like some____________.
A．pears B．banana C．milks
4.While she was in Milan, she developed a ______ for fine art.
A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit
A
C
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
考点训练
5.—Most Chinese customers prefer to pay by Alipay or WeChat pay nowadays.
—That's true. Life becomes more convenient in China because of them.
A．waiters B．buyers C．businessmen
B
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
考点训练
6.—Have you reminded your father about grandmother's birthday party
—Yes, I've left him a(an)________.
A．magazine B．article C．message
C
考点突破
考点一 名词词义辨析
考点训练
7.—Hey, Alicia! Have you got used to Chinese food
—Yes! But I am still learning to use ________as a Chinese does.
A．forks B．chopsticks C．knives
B
考点突破
考点二 名词的数
可数名词的数
1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，如：table, tables。
2. 可数名词可以被基数词、不定冠词(a/an)和many等修饰，如：seven days, an hour, many years。
3. 只修饰可数名词复数的修饰语：不定代词(many, a few, few, several, a couple of, a number of, a great/large number of/...)、数词(除one之外的基数词)。
考点突破
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
构成方法 示例
一般情况，加 s star→______；gift→______；invention→__________
以字母s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词，加 es bus→______； box→______；watch→__________
特例：stomach→__________
stars
gifts
inventions　
buses
boxes
watches
stomachs
考点二 名词的数
考点突破
构成方法 示例
以字母f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再加 es leaf→______；wife→______；knife→______；life→______
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加 es country→ ；baby→______； story→______；city→______
以元音字母加y结尾的词，加 s toy→______；
monkey→______
leaves
wives
knives
lives
countries
babies
stories
cities
toys
monkeys
考点二 名词的数
考点突破
构成方法 示例
以ce, se，ze，ge等结尾的词， 加 s face→______；prize→______；orange→________
以辅音字母加o结尾的词，若表示有生命的加 es，若表示无生命的加 s tomato→_________ ；
hero→_______； photo→_______；piano→________；zoo→______； radio→______
faces
prizes
oranges
tomatoes
heroes
photos
pianos
zoos
radios
考点二 名词的数
考点突破
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 示例
改a为e型 man→______； woman→______
特例：German→________；human→________
改oo为ee型 tooth→______；foot→______　
在词尾加 ren child→________
单复数形式相同 sheep; means; Chinese; Japanese
常用作复数形式或只有复数形式 noodles; scissors; trousers; thanks; clothes;
goods; chopsticks
其他特殊形式 mouse→______
men
women
Germans
humans
teeth
feet
children
mice
考点突破
不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式，如：water, meat。
2. 不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰。若表示数量，可用量词加不可数名词表达，如：a piece of advice, two cups of coffee。
3. 只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much, little, a little, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large amount of等。
【注意】既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语有：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, most, hardly, any, all, the rest of等。
考点突破
1. 中考常见的不可数名词
类别 示例
物质名词 液体 orange橘汁　　milk牛奶　 water水
juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡
bread面包　 meat肉
食物 自然 weather天气　 fire火　　 rain雨
wind风 snow雪 ice冰
材料 paper纸　　 plastic塑料　silk丝绸
gold金 cotton棉花
拓展
考点突破
类别 示例
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴　　　　 sadness悲伤
学科 maths数学　　 chemistry化学
概念 advice建议　　　information信息
news消息 knowledge知识
考点突破
2. 有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橘子 橘汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 报纸、论文 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间 time 次/倍数 时间
life 生命 生活 wood 树林 木头、木材
light 电灯 光，光线 work 作品 工作
考点突破
考点二 名词的数
考点训练
1.About 200__________ went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A. German B. Australian C. Chinese D. American
2.Wuhan, one of the most important ________ in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.
A．cities B．citys C．city
C
A
考点突破
考点二 名词的数
考点训练
3.Mike doesn’t have enough money, so he can only afford________.
A. a bread B. too much bread C. a piece of bread
4.Annie took a lot of___________ with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday.
A. photo B. photoes C. photos
C
C
考点突破
's所有格
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命的单数名词 加’s my father’s teacher
Alex’s diaries
有生命的复数名词 以s结尾加’ the winners’ medals
不以s结尾加’s the policemen’s caps
考点三 名词所有格
考点突破
类别 构成方法 示例
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加’s one mile’s bus
my hometown’s changes
复数加’ 45 minutes’ class
由and连接两个并列的单数名词表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Tom and Nancy’s bicycle
由and连接两个并列名词，表示每个人各自拥有 两个名词都在词尾加’s John’s and Susan’s father
考点三 名词所有格
考点突破
【注意】
(1)表示“店铺”、“某人的家”、“诊所”、“办公室”的名词所有格后，一般省去表示地点的名词。如：at the doctor’s (在诊所)；go to my friend’s(去我朋友家)。
(2)一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone, everybody等和else连用时，’s应加在else后。如：everyone else’s choice(其他人的选择)
考点三 名词所有格
考点突破
of所有格
“名词＋of＋名词”构成了of所有格。其用法主要有：
1．表示无生命事物的所有关系，如：Beijing is the capital of China.
2．表示部分与整体的关系，如：the bottom of the sea
3．of后跟含后置定语的名词或表示一类人或物的“the＋形容词”形式，如：the name of the boy standing under the tree
【注意】of所有格有时也可以用于有生命的东西，表示所属关系，此时，有生命的of所有格可以和 ’s所有格互换，如：the girl’s story＝the story of the girl
考点三 名词所有格
考点突破
考点三 名词所有格
考点训练
1. Look at the big and clean room. It’s ________.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily
B
考点突破
模拟冲关
I.单项选择
1.(2021安徽中考)—Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first 　　　”
—Yes. It's a famous Chinese saying by Laozi.
A.class　　 B.step　　C.break　　D.exam
2.(2021甘肃武威中考)If the weather is nice, we could have a(n) 　　　in the park.
A.picnic　　B.chance　　C.place　　D.idea
B
A
模拟冲关
3.(2021江苏扬州中考)—We can always find something good in a bad_______if we look for it.
—It's so true. Let's make full use of what comes.
A.situation　　B.direction C.instruction　　D.competition
4.(2021湖北武汉中考)The idiom(成语)“Mengzi's mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best 　　　for her child.
A.experience　　B.instruction C.environment　　D.information
A
C
模拟冲关
5.(2021四川达州中考)If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to 　　　.
A.treasure　　 B.beauty
C.success　　 D.health
C
模拟冲关
Ⅱ.语法填空
Do you play Ant Forest It is an on line game on Alipay(支付宝).
1. ___________ (player) collect “energy” by doing something environmentally friendly.
They can grow their own “trees” and give them much“ 2 .__________”(water) for the “energy”. When the “trees” are big enough , Alipay with some other 3. ___________(company) will plant real trees in these 4. ___________ (desert) areas of China. Every year millions of 5. ___________ (tree) are planted in this way.
Players
water
companies
desert
trees
模拟冲关
This is part of 6___________ (China) tree-planting program. It hopes to stop the desert from becoming larger. Since1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees in the northern 7. ___________ (area).It is known as “the Great Green Wall”. For example, Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a 8. ___________ (desert),but now it has become one of the biggest man-made 9. ___________(forest) in China.
“China is making the world much greener than before. It sets a good example and has many 10. ___________ (lesson) to share with the world,” said the United Nations Environment Program.
China’s
areas
desert
forests
lessons
Bye-bye!