新概念第二册英语 Lesson 30 Football or polo? 知识点+练习（含答案）

1.选用a, an, the, some或any填空（不用填的空用“/ ”表示） 1. Germany is European country and Japan is Asian country. 2. I like playing football while my sister likes playing piano. 3. India is old country with long history. 4. elephant is bigger than horse. 5. Have you ever crossed Pacific or Atlantic 6. There is picture on wall. I like picture very much. 7. Try to give me a ticket if there are . 8. —Are there books on the desk —Yes, there are . 9. I don’t know of them. 10. —Would you like tea —Thank you, but I’d like coffee. a,an,/,the,an,a,an,a,the,the,a,the,the,some,any,some,any,some,some Football中文意译为“足球”它足球运动或足球比赛的简称。当然它也指足球比赛中的用球。足球运动是一项古老的体育活动，源远流长。最早起源于中国汉代的一种球类游戏“蹴鞠”，后来经过阿拉伯人传到欧洲，发展成现代足球。不少国家将足球定为“国球”。而Football在北美地区则指的是橄榄球并且对足球有另一个称谓：Soccer。 Polo水球（Water polo） 是一种在水中进行的集体球类运动，是一项结合游泳，手球，篮球的运动。比赛的目的类似于足球，以射入对方球门次数多的一方为胜。水球运动员在比赛时以游泳的方式运动， 除守门员外两手同时握球是一种犯规行为。 History of polo 它起源于19世纪中叶的英国。最初是人们游泳时在水中传掷足球的一种娱乐活动，故有“ 水上足球”之称，后逐渐形成两队之间的竞技水球运动。1869年英国出现用小旗标定边线和球门的水球比赛。1877年英格兰伯顿俱乐部聘请威尔森制定了世界上第1部水球竞赛规则。1879年出现了有球门的水球比赛。1885年英国游泳协会将水球列为单独比赛项目。 水球运动从1973年开始举办世界水球锦标赛，1979年国际业余游泳联合会举办了第1届女子水球世界杯赛。1986年举行的第5届世界游泳锦标赛将女子水球列为正式比赛项目。 水球运动在20世纪20年代传入中国的香港至广东一带。加拿大、荷兰、美国、澳大利亚、德国等国家开展得比较好，水平较高。中国水球队曾在第8、9、10届亚运会上连续获得冠军，在第23届奥运会上获得了第9名。 一、单词讲解 1. 水球polo2.威尔Wayle3. 穿过cut4. 划（船）row5. 踢kick6.朝，向towards7.几乎nearly8.眼界sight
【知识梳理一】 cut v. 穿过 ① vt. &vi. 切，割，剪 Would you please cut the cake into half 请把蛋糕切成两瓣儿可以吗？ cut one’s hair = have one’s hair cut 理发 cut the tree 砍树 cut off electricity 切断电源 cut sth. into pieces 把……切成小片(碎) ② vt. 割破，划破 cut oneself 割伤自己 ③vi. 横穿，穿越（介词用across/through） cut across/through 直着穿过 The road cuts across/through the forest. cut a corner 走捷径，超近路 When you learn English, never cut a corner. No pains, no gains. 没有付出，就没有收获。 cut away 砍掉，切下 cut out 删掉；裁剪 cut back 缩减 cut down 减少/砍倒 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut in 插嘴 cut through 抄近道 【知识梳理二】row ① v. 划船 My brother is rowing. 划船 （row 强调动作） go boating 去划船（强调玩） ② n.排 We are in the same row.我们在同一排。 go for a row去划船 go for a walk去散步 in a row 连续不断地，一个接一个地 ③4)row /rau/ 争吵 row with sb 与...争吵 eg：What' s the row about 到底在吵什么呢？ make a row／kick up a row起哄，大吵大闹 【知识梳理三】kick v. 踢 ①kick me 踢我一脚 kick off 开球；启动 kick (your) ass 收拾你 well to go (美语) = well done (英语) 做得不错 (谚) Kick a man when he is down. 落井下石 ② vt.虐待，欺负 eg: The boy is always kicking his younger brother about. 这个小男孩总是欺负他弟弟。 kick脚踢 punch 拳打 【知识梳理四】sight n. 眼界, 视域 ①catch sight of… 看见…… catch sight of the bird =see the bird 看见那只鸟 out of sight 在视线之外 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见心不烦 ② in sight 在视线之内： The bird is in sight. 鸟在视线之内。 ③ lose one's sight =(become blind)失明 long sighted 眼光长远, 远视眼： sb. is long sighted ：某人眼光远大；某人是远视眼 short sighted 目光短浅, 近视 ( shortsighted = nearsighted adj.近视的 ) reading glasses 近视镜 【知识梳理五】toward (s) prep. 朝…方向对（表关系），接近（表时间），有...趋势 eg：He walked towards the door. 他朝门走过来。 His attitude towards me has changed. 他对我的态度转变了。 Towards the end of the game she fell asleep. 临近比赛结束时，她睡着了。 towards 只能表示朝着目标移动（强调越来越近） eg：We drove towards Beijing. 我们向北京方向开去。 to 含有到达的含义 eg：We drove to Beijing. 我们开车到了北京。 【知识梳理六】nearly adv. 大约，接近，差不多 eg：It's nearly 2 o'clock. That car nearly ran over a dog. 那辆车差点撞到一条狗。 almost与nearly最接近，但almost可与nobody， nothing，nowhere， never连用nearly则不能。 about在超过或没有超过某标准的两种情况下，均可使用，但almost，nearly用于接近单位达到某标准的情况。 词组汇编 cut one's hair = have a hair cut 理发 cut the tree 砍树（不一定砍到） cut down the tree = cut the tree down (砍到) cut the head off 砍头 cut off electricity 断电 cut sth. into pieces 把…切碎 cut across/through 直着穿过 cut a corner 走捷径，超近路 like to do sth. 喜欢…（一次性的） like doing sth. 喜欢…（习惯性的） as usual 和往常一样 so…that… 如此……以致于…… in sight 看得见，在视野之内 catch sight of… 看见 out of sight 在视线之外 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见心不烦 课文讲解 The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. 参考译文 威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐. 上星期日天气很暖和. 于是我和往常一样, 又去河边坐着. 河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍, 河面上有些人正在划船. 突然, 一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球, 球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去. 岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊, 但他没有听见. 球重重地打在他身上, 使他差点儿落入水中. 我转过头去看那些孩子, 但一个也不见, 全都跑了!当那个人明白了发生的事情时, 笑了起来. 他大声叫着那些孩子, 把球扔回到岸上. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. 1） call out 大声呼叫，叫喊 I heard someone calling out for help. 2）call out to sb. 对……大声喊 Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn’t hear her. 3) yell at 对……大吼大叫 Don't yell at me. 2.The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. 1) so…that… 如此……以致于…… (that 引导的结果状语从句) strike 敲 -struck-struck The teacher speaks so fast that I can't catch the word. My brother walks so slowly that he can't catch up with me. so+ adj+ a/an + n. such + a/an + adj + n. 他是如此著名的演员，大家都知道他。 He is so famous an actor that everyone knows him. He is such a famous actor that everyone knows him. so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互 转换。例如: 　　She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift. 辨析 so…that…与such…that… 1）so…that…的句型构成是so+adj./adv.+that; such…that…的句型构成是such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that; such+adj.+不可数名词+that; such+adj.+复数名词+that。 He caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night. 他得了重感冒以致日夜地咳嗽。 It is such fine weather that we will go swimming. 今天天气那么好我们将去游泳。 They are such small shoes that I can’t put them on. 这双鞋这么小我穿不上。 注意：“such+a(n)+adj.+单数名词”结构可以与“so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词”结构互换，其他结构则不 可互换。 It was such a lovely day that we decided to go outing. It was so lovely a day that we decided to go outing. (2)当名词前有many，much，few，little修饰时，前面应用 so，即so+many (much， few， little) + n.+that-clause从句 The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basketball team. 史密斯一家有这么多孩子，他们组成了自己的篮球队。 There was so little water left that only small children were given some. 留下的水不多了，只给小孩分了一些。 3）so…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；so…部分放在句首时，句子要倒装。 He was so excited that he could not speak. So excited was he that he could not speak. The box is so heavy that nobody can lift it. So heavy is the box that nobody can lift it. 2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是;以致于”。 例如: 　　They missed the bus so that they were late for class. 注:so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。 　　He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early. 【巩固练习】 1.She bought a digital camera online ______she would save a lot of time. A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D.such that 2.―__________fine day it is today! ―Yes,the sunshine is__________beautiful that I\‘d like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so DA 3.David was so careless that he didn‘t find the mistakes in his test paper. （变为简单句） David was__________careless__________find the mistakes in his test paper. 4. A：The boy is so young that he can\'t look after himself. B：The boy is not________________to look after himself.（改写句子，使B句与A句意思相近） 5.The stone is so heavy that I can\'t lift it up. It is__________a heavy stone__________I can\'t lift it up.（改写句子） Too,to,old enough,such,that 3.I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! 1) in sight 看得见，在视野之内（反义词为out of sight） There were not anything in sight. No bus is in sight. 2）In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village. turn to: 转向，转身 turn to sb: 向…求助 run away 逃跑 run after 追赶 语法 一、some与any的用法 some的用法 some意为“一些，某些，某个”，可作代词和限定词，常用于肯定句。在句中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。 ①用于肯定句。 ②some用于疑问句时，表示请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答。 【例题精讲】 1. Ask some boys to help you.（修饰可数名词复数） 叫些男孩来帮助你。 2. Please bring some coffee.（修饰不可数名词） 请拿些咖啡来。 3. Ask some girl to come here.（修饰可数名词单数） 叫（某）个女孩来这儿。 4. Would you like some coffee （表示请求、邀请） 需要一些咖啡吗？ 5. What about some fruit juice （希望得到肯定的回答） 来点水果汁如何？ any的用法 any意为“一些，任何”，可作代词和限定词，常用于否定句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。 ①用于疑问句或否定句。 ②any用于肯定句时，意为“任何”，起强调作用，通常要重读，修饰数名词单数和不可数名词。 【例题精讲】 1. Are there any cows in the fields （修饰可数名词复数） 田里有一些牛吗？ 2. There won't be any trouble.（修饰不可数名词） 没有任何麻烦。 3. Any time you want me, just call me. 什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。 4. Come any day you like.只要你喜欢，随时可以来。 【巩固练习】 ( )1. Are there_______ boys under the tree A. some B. any C. a D. an ( )2. There isn't _______ bread on the table. A. a B. any C. some D. an ( )3. What about having _______juice A. an B. any C. some D. a ( )4. -- Are there _______cups in the box -- Yes, there are_______. A. any; any B. some; some C. any; some D. some; any ( )5. If you have _______questions, put up your hands. A. any B. the C. a D. some 答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D 定冠词the的用法 用法例句（1）用在单数可数名词前，表示某类人或物The lion is a wild animal.狮子是一种野生动物。（2）表示双方都知道的或上文已提到过的人或物Close the window,please!请关上窗户！ There is a book on the table.The book is mine. 桌子上有一本书。那本书是我的。（3）表示世界上独一无二的东西the earth地球 the sun太阳 the world世界 the sky天空（4）用于序数词或形容词或副词的最高级前The second lesson is very difficult.第二课非常难。 He is the tallest in our class.他是我们班个子最高的。（5）用于身体部位及表示方向或方位的名词前hit sb. on the head/in the face打某人的头/脸 on the right/left在右边/左边 in the south/east/west/north(包含在内） to the south/east/west/north(不包含在内）（6）用于乐器名词前Play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴（7）用于江河湖海、大洋、山川、群岛等名词前the Changjiang River长江 the Pacific (ocean)太平洋（8）用于姓氏的复数前表示一家人或夫妇俩The Smiths will go to Japan next week. 史密斯一家下周要去日本。（9）用于普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall长城 the United States美国 the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国（10）与某些形容词连用，可使其名词化，意指某一类人the dead死去的人 the young年轻人 The wounded伤员 the living活着的人 I think the rich should help the poor.我认为富人应该帮助穷人。 （11）用于整十数词的复数前表示年代He was born in the nineties.他生于90年代。（12）用于某固定词组中in the morning/afternoon/evening,all the time,at the same time,by the way,in the open air,the same as,at the age of,at the beginning of,in the middle of,look the same,in the end（13）在下列词组中，有无定冠词意思不同①go to school去上学，go to the school去学校；②in hospital住院，in the hospital在医院（不一定住院）；③at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁；④in front of在……前面（某物外部），in the front off在……前面（某物内部）
经典例题 例1 We’d better get ready for dinner because ______ Greens are coming to visit us tonight. A.a B. an C. the D./ 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查定冠词用法。the用于姓氏的复数前表示一家人或夫妇俩。 例2 -There’s ______ ball on the ground. Would you please pass ______ ball to me -With pleasure. A.the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】考查冠词用法。对于可数名词，第一次提到用a或an，第二次提到用the。故选D。 例3 -What’s your hobby,lucy -I like playing ______ piano best. A.a B. / C.the D. an 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词的用法。与球类有关的不加the，如：play football；与乐器有关的一律加the。故选C。 例4 We will see ______ seven stronger China in ______ near future. A.a; the B. an; the C.the; a D. an; a 【答案】B 【解析】考查冠词的用法。in the near future“在不久的将来”，是个固定搭配；even是以元音音素开头的词。故选B。 例5 It’s reported that a terrible rainstorm hit ______ south of our country. A.a B. the C./ D. an 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查冠词的用法。表示方向或方位的名词前应用the。用若。故选B。