(共10张PPT)
专有名词
Lesson 10:
授课人:曾老师
1. 绝对专有名词:
C
▲ 绝对唯一专有的名词,不能用泛指、特指或数量、指示等限定词进行修饰。
比如不能说:a London, this Singapore, that Microsoft, …
但是,有些时候可以用my这样的不代表限定性的词进行修饰。比如:
Oh, my dear Beijing.
▲ 绝对唯一专有的名词,也不可能有复数形式。比如不能说:
these Chinas, those Rockets, many Londons, …
1. 绝对专有名词:
C
▲ 常见的绝对专有名词及词组:
地名类:Asia, Europe, Africa, America, Germany, Japan, Moscow, Cambridge, …
书名类:A Tale of Two Cities, Tom Sawyer, Harry Potter, Gone with the Wind, …
部分人名:George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Jackson, …
各类组织公司名:Rockets, …
1. 绝对专有名词:
C
▲ “sun, earth, moon”是不是绝对唯一专有的名称词?
英文对“sun”的解释:
the star that shines in the sky during the day and gives the earth heat and light
很明显,在西方人的认知中,“sun”并不是宇宙中绝对唯一的。但是在太阳系这样的一定范围内,它是唯一的,所以只能说是相对专有。因此,对于它有二种表达方式:
The sun was shining and birds were singing.
The distance between (the) Sun and Earth.
the sun: 这里的特指,指的是一定范围内唯一的一个。
2. 相对专有名词:
C
▲ 相对专有名称词,在绝对专有的情况下,用法跟绝对专有一样,不能用限定词。
比如:
Tom is my friend.
I will see you on Monday.
The new President takes office in January.
Mum and Dad are coming for lunch.
One day Deer did not come to the lake to drink water.
Rain, please tell me now, “Does that seem fair ”
2. 相对专有名词:
C
▲ 但在非绝对专有的情况下,可以有单复数,可以用表“数”或表“特指”的限定词进
行修饰限定。比如:
There are two Toms in our class. This Tom is my friend, but that Tom isn’t.
I will see you on the second Monday of next month.
I will go to visit you on a Monday next month.
This month, there will be five Mondays.
In the next September, he died in Fuzhou.
Madonna is still as popular as ever. So how has the Material Girl managed to
stay on top
3. 专有名词的构造:
C
1). 非句首情况下,普通单词开头字母大写(或全部字母大写)后变成专有名称。比如:
green (绿色)
Green (“格林”这个姓氏)
china (瓷器)
China (中国)
readers (读者们)
Readers (“读者”这本杂志)
fox (狐狸)
FOX (美国“福克斯”集团公司名)
window (窗户)
Windows (微软公司推出的“Windows”操作系统)
fun (乐趣)
FUN ( “FUN”牌牛仔服系列)
apple (苹果)
Apple ( 苹果手机品牌)
3. 专有名词的构造:
C
利用这种方法,可以将很多普通名称词变成一个专有名称词。比如:
One day Little Duck came to the lake to drink water.
He asked Old Tree, “Why my shadow becomes longer in the evening ”
练习测试:
I’m Tina, from (8年级7班).
Boys and girls, please turn to (第49页).
For dinner one evening, Little (长颈鹿) Mom prepared bamboo for her babies.
The (节日) Of Asian Arts & Music will include two days of live performances.
Giraffe
Class 7, Grade 8
Page 49
Festival
3. 专有名词的构造:
C
2). 利用现有普通单词组合后再开头字母大写(或全部字母大写)变成专有名称。比如:
Microsoft
微软公司名
3). 根据构词原理,自行创造的专有名称词(开头字母大写或全部字母大写)。比如:
Levis
“Levis”牌牛仔服系列
Amani
“Amani”品牌服饰
Adidas
美国品牌阿迪达斯
Sony
日本品牌索尼
Nike
美国品牌耐克
3. 专有名词的构造:
C
4). 词组中,主词开头字母大写,介词、连词虚词不大写。比如:
People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国
The United States of America
美利坚合众国
Victoria’s Secret
美国顶级内衣品牌
The Great Wall
中国的长城
The West Lake in Hangzhou
杭州的西湖
Yale University
耶鲁大学
Beijing Railway Station
北京火车站