L24-动词的使用规则 初中英语词性句法新讲课件(共13张PPT)

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名称 L24-动词的使用规则 初中英语词性句法新讲课件(共13张PPT)
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更新时间 2022-04-11 06:57:59

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(共13张PPT)
动词的使用规则
Lesson 24:
授课人:曾老师
动词使用过程中需要注意的一些主要问题:
No. 2-杀手
1. 语态问题
2. 时态问题
No. 4-杀手
No. 6-杀手
3. 主谓一致问题
4. “动词+形容词”结构还是“动词+副词”结构?
No. 1-杀手
No. 7-杀手
5. 及物与不及物问题
6. 行为动作词还是结果动作词?
No. 3-杀手
7. 短暂性动作词还是延续性动作词?
No. 5-杀手
8. 词的内在本意
详情请阅: L95-被动语态句式
1. 语态问题:
当动作主体充当句子的主语,在表述时要用主动语态。比如:
He cut down the tree.
“He”是“cut”这个动作的主体(即发出者),他们之间为主谓关系。
“ the tree ”是“cut”的受体(即动作对象),他们之间为动宾关系。
如果将动作受体拿来充当句子的主语,在表述时就要用被动语态。比如:
The tree was cut down (by him).
虽然“the tree”变成了句子的主语(subject),
但它与“cut”这个动作之间却是动宾关系。
使用动作词的不同表现形式来“暗中”说明动作发生的时间与发生情况,这是英语动作词
完全不同于汉语的最大地方,也可以说是英文与汉语的最大不同点之一。
2. 时态问题--搞清楚时态的概念:
每个动作词的表现形式都要根据表述者对这个动作发生的时间、发生情况定义后才进行设定。
英文中共用了16种时态来对此进行说明。
详情请阅:时态章节内容
▲ 现在时情况下,动作词的三单形式:
主语为第三人称单数的情况下,谓语动作词必须用三单形式。英语的这种用法是比较特殊的,它完全不同于汉语(汉语中没有这样的用法)。
3. 主谓一致问题:
详情请阅: L57 主谓一致原则
4. “动词+形容词”还是“动词+副词”:
详情请阅: L26-系动动词
不及物动作词后无法直接跟宾语。如果有宾语,则需要以介词短语的方式来表示。
这个时候,介词短语是副词性的,作状语说明动作发生的各种情况。比如:
5. 及物与不及物问题:
一个动作词到底是及物还是不及物,光看中文字面意思是不行的。比如:
我同意你。
不能说:I agree you.
要说: I agree with you.
We arrived at the airport. 对比:We reached the airport.
他们在嘲笑我。
不能说:They are laughing me.
要说: They are laughing at me.
Those guys went into the room. 对比: Those guys entered the room.
She was looking at a panda. 对比: She saw a panda.
有些动词既可以充当及物动词用,也可以当不及物动词用。比如:
5. 及物与不及物问题:
不及物:
The children are playing on the playground.
My grandma is reading in her room.
Birds can fly.
Could you please speak in English
Nothing changed finally.
The dog is running after a hare.
及物:
He will play an important role in a play.
My grandma is reading a magazine in her room.
… fly a kite in the sky.
Miss Li speaks good English.
Computers have changed the way people work.
Is there any way to run a country
6. 行为动作词与结果动作词:
有些动作词是强调动作行为的,如:look, watch, listen, …,我们叫它行为动作词
我在上学路上看到王老师了 要译成:I saw/met Teacher Wang on my way to school.
我听说他上学迟到了 要译成:I heard that he was late for school.
“listen”与“hear”的区别:She listened carefully, but heard nothing.
有些动作词是强调动作结果的,如:see, meet, hear, ….., 我们叫它结果动作词
7. 短暂性动作词与延续性动作词:
A. 有些动作词的动作是延续性的,我们叫它延续性动作词。常见的有:
be, drink, study, work, stand, know, walk, keep, rain, wait, watch, sing, know,
sleep, live, love, stay, have, read, lie(躺), …
B. 有些是瞬间发生的,我们称之为短暂性动作词或非延续性动作词。常见的有:
become, borrow, lend, buy, sell, join, open, die, close, start, begin, finish, come,
reach, go, move, return, arrive, leave, marry, join, happen, …
它们都可以用于完成时。比如:
He has studied it already.
His sister has bought the film ticket.
7. 短暂性动作词与延续性动作词:
▲但是要注意,非延续性动作词用“完成时”时,无法跟一段时间连用。比如说:
这本书我借来10天了
不能译成:I have borrowed this book for 10 days.
要翻译成:I have kept this book for 10 days.
他当兵已经5年了
不能译成:He has joined the army for 5 years.
要翻译成:He has been in the army for 5 years.
他结婚已经5年了
不能译成:He has married for 5 years.
要翻译成:He has been married for 5 years.
他去世已经10年了
不能译成:He has died for 10 years.
要翻译成:He has been dead for 10 years.
7. 短暂性动作词与延续性动作词:
但在否定句中,非延续性动作词用“完成时”时,可以跟一段时间连用。比如说:
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.
短暂性动作词的否定形式,其动作延续还可应用于till/until短语及句式结构中。比如说:
All the kids didn’t start to have dinner till 8 o’clock.
I won’t leave until I finish all the work.
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
延续性的动作词不需要用否定形式就可以跟till/until短语或从句搭配。比如说:
I will stay here till 6 o’clock.
He would like to live in that village until he is retired.
8. 动作词的内在本意 :
英文中相近意思的词很多,唯有掌握词的真正本意,才能理解并掌握它。比如:
Where is my dog I can’t find it. Oh, it’s here. I get you.
A: Do you know what I mean B: Yeah, I get you.
I don't know what you are talking about. Stop kidding. I got you.
A: Gosh! I forgot my wallet. B: Don't worry! I got you.
A: You got me there!
Enjoy your lunch!
Enjoy yourself!
表示:看到了
表示:听懂了
表示:了解你的老底
表示:帮你付钱 get the bill for you.
表示:你使我到了那个境地,你搞死我了。 made me there.
表示:从你的午餐中得到“joy”
表示:让你自己得到“joy”
9. 相近动作词及其词组的区别:
1). talk, speak, say, tell
2). reach, arrive, get
3). spend, take, pay, cost
4). remember, remind
5). listen, hear
6). look, see
8). borrow, lend
9). lie(撒谎), lie(躺), lay(放置;下蛋)
10). forget, leave
11). receive, accept
12). attend, join, join in, take part in
13). used to, be used to doing,
be used to do
......
(以上内容属于小词法的内容,此不多述。建议养成查词典的习惯。)