L69-There be句式 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

(共7张PPT)
“There be…” 句式
Lesson 69：
授课人：曾老师
“There be…”结构是不是句型？
比如：There are some caps on the desk.
请参阅：关键词优先原则及倒装句
类似的句式还有：
There stands a tall tree beside my house.
Long long ago, there lived a beautiful queen …
正常表述：Some caps are there on the desk.
B2句型
结论：所以这是个特殊的句式，不是基本句型。
为了强调“there”, 所以用了倒装，将“there”提前。
Here is some bread for you.
Here comes the bus.
“There be…”结构的否定：
1). 直接在系动词后面加“not”进行否定，比如：
There are some caps on the desk.
There aren’t any caps on the desk.
2). 在系动词后面加其它否定词进行否定，比如：
There are no caps on the desk. (no = not any)
There is no more than thirty yuan in my pocket.
I'm anxious to get the tickets for the show today, as there are hardly any left.
There is little difference between the two words.
There is nothing wrong with your car.
“There/Here be…”结构中的主谓一致：
There is a lake in the park.
There are some lakes in the park.
There is some pizza and some cookies, and now I am making an apple pie and a cake.
There stands a big tree on the top of the hill.
There stand some trees ....
However, still here comes the rain and there goes the friend.
Look! Here come Mr. Brown and Mrs. brown.
一般根据后置主语的单复数情况来定。比如：
“There/Here be…”结构中的主谓一致：
▲ 如果主语中有二个名称，且第一个前有“a/an”，则一般会使用单数形式(就近原则)。比如：
There is a girl and a boy in the classroom.
There is a lake and many trees near the house.
Is there a desk, a computer and some books in your room
备注：初中阶段记住就近原则就可以了。
“There/Here be…”结构中的主谓一致：
▲ 但是，这个并不是绝对的。在《The Merriam-Webster Guide to English Usage》一书中，
对于这个问题的解释如下：
When a compound subject follows the verb and the first element is singular, the verb may be either singular or plural (当组合主语跟着一个谓语，且第一个主语是单数的，谓语动词既可以使用单数形式，也可以使用复数形式)。比如：
There is a lake and several small streams.
There are a dog and a few cats in the house.
The singular construction is more common. Still, some writers insist on formal agreement and use a plural verb (单数形式更普遍。但仍然有些人坚持传统规范使用复数形式)。比如：
There were an apartment house and a parking lot at the end of the block.
备注：这个不会考。 Merriam-Webster是美式英语的创始人，著有著名的《韦氏词典》。
“There be…”结构的将来时：
错误的表述： There is going to have a football match in our school next week.
如果用到“be going to/used to”等结构时，特别要注意。比如：
I have a pen in my hand.
There is a pen in my hand.
“have”表示拥有，它的主语应该为“拥有者/持有人”。比如：
表示我拥有一支笔，这支笔在我手里。
有一支笔在我手里，并未表示我拥有这支笔。
There is a bookshelf (有) many books in the room.
with
正确的表述：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.
错误的表述： There used to have a church in front of the school.
正确的表述： There used to be a church in front of the school.