L83-被动语态 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

(共16张PPT)
被动语态
Lesson 83：
授课人：曾老师
1. 被动语态的概念：
在讲被动语态前，先要搞清楚二个概念：
动作的发出者为：
动作主体
动作的内容或对象为：
动作受体
cut
当动作主体充当句子的主语，在表述时要用主动语态。比如：
He cut down the tree.
“He”是“cut”这个动作的主体(即发出者)，他们之间为主谓关系。
“the tree”是“cut”的受体(即动作对象)，他们之间为动宾关系。
如果将动作受体拿来充当句子的主语，在表述时就要用被动语态。比如：
The tree was cut down (by him).
虽然“the tree”变成了句子的主语(subject)，
但它与“cut”这个动作之间却是动宾关系。
1. 被动语态的概念：
▲ 注意：因此，只有及物动词才有被语态。
1. 被动语态的概念：
让我们再举个例子说明一下：
They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
动作主体
(主语)
动作词
(谓语)
动作对象
(对象宾语)
动作内容
(内容宾语)
如果将“you”拿来作为说事的对象(即充当句子的主语)，需要这样表述：
You will be asked a lot of strange questions (by them).
同样，如果将“a lot of questions”拿来作为说事的对象(即充当句子的主语)，需要这样表述：
A lot of strange questions will be asked from them to you.
2. 被动语态的结构：
被动语态的结构非常简单。
只要用“系动词/系动动词+动词的过去分词”就可以。比如：
He is believed by us. The information is urgently needed.
My shoes had been cleaned by somebody. The truth will be known by everyone.
The letter has been received by him.
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.
The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
She is described as the “Talented Girl” in chess history.
I will get paid more if I work nights.
We seem lost in the forest.
3. 什么时候用被动语态：
1). 强调动作的内容或对象为一个表述句的主体(即句子的主语)时。比如：
He is hated by all of us. (=We all hate him.)
No one gets paid in this factory.
A story about the fisherman was written by him.
He is believed by us.
The truth will be known by everyone.
The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
拿他来说事，没有拿我们来说事
拿要钱的人说事，没有拿老板来说事
没有拿他来说事，而是拿故事来说事
3. 什么时候用被动语态：
2). 句子的主语是动作的内容或对象，无须提及动作的发出者。比如：
The price has been raised.
Please be seated.
This must be kept in mind.
Something must be done to stop the fire.
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.
A power station has been set up in their home town.
After a period of use, the batteries should be changed.
3. 什么时候用被动语态：
3). 在一些表示“据说”或“据报道”的特殊句式中。比如：
It is said that…
It is reported that…
It is believed that…
It is hoped that…
It is well-known that…
It is suggested that…
据说……
据报道……
值得信任的是……
大家希望……
众所周知……
据建议……
3. 什么时候用被动语态：
4). 其它一些特殊的动词：
While the river helps create fertile land that (suit) for farming, during certain times of the year, the Huanghe River frequently overflows.
is suited
suit:
1. sth. is suited for (doing) sth.
2. to be convenient or useful for sb. If we met at 2, would that suit you
4. 不用被动语态的情况：
1). 不及物动词无被动语态；
2). 系动词及系动动词无被动语态；
3). 不定式短语作动词宾语时无被动语态；
4). 有些动词用主动形式表示被动的含义。比如：
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
This sweater washes well.
It says in the Bible that people must not steal.
There is a sentence on the board. It reads ‘‘Everybody should have a dream.’’
It shows that Ma Yun has done his business successfully.
It suggested that you didn’t do well in your final exam.
4. 不用被动语态的情况：
Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.
Suddenly the door was opened and a group of children burst in.
5). 有些动词既可以用主动语态来表示，也可以用被动语态来表示。比如：
Nancy trained as a singer.
Some dogs will be trained to sniff out drugs.
My back hurts.
My back is hurting me.
My back was once hurt.
4. 不用被动语态的情况：
2019年6月高考浙江卷：
But can uniforms help improve school standard The answer to this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
improved
improve:
1. to become better than before; 2. to make sth./sb. better than before
比如：
His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.
I need to improve my French.
Environment here has been greatly improved.
4. 不用被动语态的情况：
Having emotional health isn't difficult, but it does take focus and concentrations. Be aware of what your feeling is and direct your emotions into something more optimistic. Your self-confidence will (strength) at the same time.
strengthen
strengthen:
1. to become stronger;
2. to make sb/sth stronger;
5. “make sb. do sth.”与“be made to do sth.”结构：
类似于“make sb. do sth.”这种使役性动词短语的结构，它在改为被动语态句式后，后面的
不定式短语必须要补上“to”。比如：
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→ The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→ My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
We often hear him play the guitar.
→ He is often heard to play the guitar.
6. 双宾语句式结构改为被动语态：
双宾语句式结构改为被动语态，如果内容宾语用作主语，那么对象宾语前要加上介词
“to”或“for”。比如：
He gave me a book.
→ A book was given to me by him.
到底用哪个，请参照
动词不定式章节
He showed me a ticket.
→ A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike.
→ A new bike was bought for me by my father.
7. 动词不定式短语中的“被动语态”：
动词不定式短语中的动作词如果与被修饰词之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系，往往需要用
被动语态形式来表现。比如：
I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
Do you have anything to be taken to your sister
Can you please tell me which is the car to be repaired
Find me a paper to write on.
也有一些不用被动语态形式来表现。比如：