L85-状从中的虚拟语气 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

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状语从句中的虚拟语气
Lesson 85：
授课人：曾老师
虚拟语气的概念：
陈述语气陈述一种客观存在的事实；
一般疑问语气是对陈述的客观事实提出是或不是的疑问；特殊疑问语气是对局部陈述
内容(比如主语部分、谓语部分或宾语、表语、状语部分)提出特殊性的疑问；
感叹语气是为了对陈述的客观事实内容进行局部的强调；
If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air.
I wish I could pass the examination.
If there were no air or water in the earth, people would die.
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
虚拟语气则表示说话人的一种主观愿望/猜疑/建议/假设假定等，而不是陈述一种客观
存在的事实。比如：
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
正常陈述语气：
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.
If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.
虚拟陈述语气：
If I were you, I would go at once.
If there were no air and water, people would die.
If I saw her personally, it would be better.
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
与现在事实相反情况下的表现方式：
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.
与过去事实相反情况下的表现方式：
If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
与将来事实相反情况下的表现方式：
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
混合式的虚拟语气：
从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。比如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer now.
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
在书面语中，当从句的谓语动词含有were/should/had时，常使用倒装语序：
Were I Tom, I would refuse.
Were she here, she would agree with us.
Had I time, I would come.
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
用介词短语去替代虚拟条件句后，引起的假定假设：
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. (暗含if it had not been for the storm)
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
otherwise引起的假定假设：
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.
隐藏了条件句后的假定假设：
I would not have done it that way.
I would have bought the DVD player.
He would have finished it.
You should have got here earlier.
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
I should agree with you.
You could have passed this exam.
You should have returned it to him.
You might come to join us in the discussion.
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：
其它条件状语后引导的假定假设：
If necessary, I would send more farmhands to help you.
If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down.
单独的条件句中的假定假设：
If I were at home now.
If only I had got it.
让步状语从句中的虚拟语气：
even if/even though引导的假定假设：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
Nobody could save him even though Huatuo should come here.