L87-句子中的修饰与扩展 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

(共14张PPT)
句子中的修饰与扩展
Lesson 87：
授课人：曾老师
主语、宾语、表语/补足语、同位语：
C
由名称性的词及短语来充当，包括：
数词
代词（人称物称代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、代词的物主代物格）
名称的物主代物格（ 注意：at the tailor’s/butcher’s/doctor’s/chemist’s, ... ）
动名词及其短语
不定式短语
限定词 + 形容词构成的名称 （The rich/poor/young, the taller/tallest, those wounded, ...）
限定词 the + 姓氏的复数形式 （The Smiths, The Lincolns, ...)
特殊结构中的单个形容词或分词 （cash in big, than expected, as written/reported, ...)
1. 名称性短语的扩展延伸：
C
介词短语、形容词短语、不定式短语、分词短语
省略介词的表时间或地点的名称词（people here/here, woman married, a meeting tomorrow, ...）
起补充说明作用的同位语短语、同位语从句
限制性定语从句
起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句 （..., which ...)
特别需要注意的结构：
All that ..., something that ..., nothing that ...,
Those who ..., anyone who ...,
And while the average American’s expected life span(寿命) has been flat in recent years, that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree(学士学位) has continued to lengthen.
例如：
Mr. Smith is always a kind man to his friends.
He is a man always with lots of strange ideas in his mind.
Bob is a boy especially loving playing soccer and tennis.
Mr. Smith is the only one invited to attend this meeting.
That’s the way to do it well.
Jinhua is a small city located in the center of Zhejiang province, with a long history and also famous for Double-Dragon Limestone Cave.
Those who do not come forward should be hunted down.
We are living in Jinhua, (which is) a small city in Zhejiang province.
come from across the street
until after dinner
people from below the mountain turn to for sth.
在特殊的情况下，部分介词短语当作名称性词用。比如：
从街对面来 = come from somewhere across the street.
一直到晚饭后 = until the time after dinner
来自于山下的人们 = people from the village below ...
转过来寻求帮助 = turn to sb. for sth.
Robotic technology is moving out from behind factory walls.
机器人技术正从工厂墙内走向墙外(言下之意为：正进入应用阶段)
2. 谓语部分：
用副词性的词及其短语对谓语动词进行描述，包括：
常规副词
不定式短语
现在分词与过去分词及其短语
状语从句
▲特定情况下的形容词及其短语
例如：
Try to finish it as soon as possible.
Mr. Smith will sometimes swim in the lake here.
Mr. Smith usually gets some flowers for his wife after work.
用副词及其短语对谓语动词进行描述：
详见副词等相关章节说明
Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.
First of all, we should make primary education universal(普遍化).
Honestly, I don’t know anything about it.
Once again, he broke his promise.
Mr. Smith is always a kind man.
Mary is sometimes late for school.
They are also in an urgent need of help.
例如：
Mr. Smith usually gets some flowers for his wife after work.
Thank you for your help!
He seemed anxious about the meeting.
China is famous for its silk and tea in the world.
Are you ready for this afternoon’s meeting
Are you worried about what to say at the Lost and Found
For some reasons, he left his home town.
To my surprise, all the questions were different.
用介词短语：
例如：
用“介词+名称+分词”形式的短语：
详见介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等相关章节说明
With the candles still burning, he fell asleep.
With the work done, they went out to play.
For his seat being occupied, he left his office.
As the day broken, he got up to train.
例如：
They stopped to have a rest. The doctor did what he could to save the child.
用不定式短语：
To be frank, I don't like him.
To begin with(首先), it's too cold.
To tell the truth, I was not sorry to be rid of him.
He’s always ready to help his friends. He was eager to get into politics.
I am working hard (in order/so as) to get a better result.
The boy is not strong enough to lift the box. She was too weak to stand up.
I’m glad to see you again.
▲There are stories of people buying a painting in an antique shop for peanuts only to find out it’s actually worth thousands of pounds.
详见动词不定式章节说明
例如：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
用分词及其短语、包括独立主格结构：
句转短语--简化原则
详见现在分词与过去分词章节说明
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
His wife finally leaving him, he became lonely.
The day broken, he got up to train.
The candle burnt, he went to sleep.
例如：
He never thought his work boring before he was retired.
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
He can’t come because he is ill.
We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
Lee doesn’t work as hard as his sister (does).
They worked hard in order that they might succeed.
用状语从句：
详见状语从句章节说明
用形容词及其短语作为独立短语来起表述作用：
Desperate(绝望的) and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.
Ripe(成熟的), these apples are very sweet.
For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.
Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant(逃学).
Easy to be with, he is warmly welcomed.
He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing wind.
Every nation, big or small, should be equal. / Old or young, they all like these cartoon picture.
Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
Strange, he should have done such a thing.
Wet or fine, he took a walk in the park. He returned from war, safe and sound.
形容词及其短语不作为独立短语来起表述作用：
Never go into a supermarket hungry.
We arrived home safe.
I woke up excited next morning.
类似于系表结构：
The boy runs fast.
… jump high.
… get up early.
A tall tree stands there.
He lives happy in the village.
They speak fluent in English.
Men and women are born equal.
Everyone is created equal.
备注：
有些老师认为这是形容词性的词及其短语具有副词性，用做状语。
曾老师倒以为，这里更偏向于表述说明。属于句转短语表述--简化原则。
分词及其短语也有这样的用法。但部分分词短语由从句简化而来，从句则往往为状语从句，所以分词具有副词性没有问题。