L88-复杂句分析 初中英语词性句法新讲课件(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
复杂句分析
Lesson 88：
授课人：曾老师
语法填空题--解题步骤：
第一步：快速粗览全文，搞懂大意
第二步：逐句分析，判断填空项在句子当中充当什么成分
第三步：无提示项，填入所缺的成分；有提示项，转换成符合要求的形式填入
词汇量很重要。在背记生词基本义的基础上，还需明白其引申的其它含义。
* 尤其要注意那些不同于汉语的表述方式
句子组织结构的把控能力：骨架成分，名称限定词、名称修饰表述词，动作修饰词，
名称修饰表述词及其短语、动作修饰词及其短语的修饰词，
词或短语的连接词，并列句的连接词，从句的标签词等
各类词的词性用法、衍生词的词性用法；动词的语态、时态及三单要求等
词形转换方式(词汇量)、介/副词与动作词的固定搭配等。
* 尤其要注意那些不同于汉语的表述方式
语法填空题--涉及内容：
A. 句子中的名称成分：
1. 名称概念，还是名称实物？要不要用限定词？
2. 可不可数？单数形式还是复数形式？
3. 是否专用名称词？ 特殊的名词短语结构：at the Tailor’s 结构; the Lincolns 结构
4. 主宾格形式、物主代物格形式；尤其要注意数词代物形式(the one, the two)
5. 不定代词的区分与选择使用；反身代词、疑问代词、-ever代词的区分与选择使用等
* 特别是跟”二”有关代词的区分：both/either/neither, all/each/none
6. 单个代词代物后含定语（包括各类短语及从句）
7. 衍生的名称词及短语：形容词变名称(the rich, those wounded)；动词变名称(动名词、不定式)；
语法填空题--涉及内容：
A. 句子中的名称成分：
8. 比较过程中的同类物比较原则、身处其中除掉自己原则； one of 之后的名称必须多个
9. 动名词形式与名词形式的区别 ( loss, losing; encouragement, encouraging; ... )
语法填空题--涉及内容：
B. 名称限定：
1. 任意泛指单个实物限定，还是特指某个/某类/某些实物限定？ ( a/an, the)
2. 不确定某个实物限定，还是任意某个/某些实物限定 （ some, any )
3. 实物个数限定，还是量的限定？ ( many, much; few/a few, little/a little; plenty of, a great deal of; ... )
4. 名称所有格形式限定 ( Tom’s room, my parents’ room, It’s some else’s, ... )
5. 代词所有格限定 ( my, your, his, her, our, their, its )
7. 归属限定，还是修饰说明？ ( the person’s weight, the personal care )
8. 归属限定，还是属性用途说明？ ( the boy’s friend, the boy friend; a school’s building, a school trip )
6. 动名词前置限定，不定式后置限定；
语法填空题--涉及内容：
C. 名称修饰/表述(补充说明)：
1. 同级修饰表述，还是比较修饰表述，还是最高级修饰表述？
2. 正面修饰表述，还是反义修饰表述
3. 前置修饰，还是后置修饰？部分词无法用作前置定语
4. 是对名称进行表述，还是对动作行为进行修饰？ ( live happy, live happily; speak fluent / fluently )
( I woke up excited. He said excitedly. )
5. 属性用途说明(动名词)，还是修饰描述说明(形容词)？ ( harming effect, harmful effect )
6. 动名词表述，还是不定式表述？ His hobby is swimming. His dream is to be a singer.
7. 不定式还是现在分词补充说明？ ... see him enter the room. ... see him reading there.
8. 现在分词，还是过去分词？
语法填空题--涉及内容：
A-B-C. 名称、名称修饰限定及补充说明：
1. 同位语补充说明，同位语从句中的标签词
2. 限制性、非限制性定语从句中的标签词
3. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句中的标签词
4. 特别注意用从句来修饰限定一个代词的结构: Who those want to ...; one that’s ...; anything that ...
语法填空题--涉及内容：
D. 动词的表现形式：
1. 主动语态，还是被动语态？用哪种时态？
2. 一般现在时情况下，注意三单问题
3. 是动作描写，还是状态表述？
5. 在从句中，及物动词如果没宾语，则从名标签词一定是what；不及物的则考虑how
4. 及物的还是不及物的？不及物的跟宾语，须用介词连接；及物的则必须要有宾语。
语法填空题--涉及内容：
E. 动作修饰：
1. 同级修饰表述，还是比较修饰表述，还是最高级修饰表述？
2. 正面修饰表述，还是反义修饰表述
3. 句尾修饰，还是句中修饰？
4. 有-ly结尾跟无-ly结尾的同形副词的区别 ( wide, widely; quick, quickly, deep, deeply, ...)
5. “get on it, get it on; put it on, put on it”等这类结构的区别
6. 状语从句标签词的区分与选择使用
7. 现在分词、过去分词、不定式短语做状语时的区分与选择使用
语法填空题--涉及内容：
F. 针对修饰表述词及短语、还有从句的修饰副词：
1. 常规副词
2. 介词短语的修饰副词
3. 不定式短语的修饰副词
4. 从句的修饰副词
语法填空题--涉及内容：
G. 连词与介词：
( 略 )
hardline: 强硬的
claim: ①声称； ②夺去
spark: 引发/触发
amid: 在...之中
handle: 处理/应对
pandemic: 疫情
domestically: 国内的
长难句分析：
1. It is reported that the difficulties the American scientists met when they succeeded in sending up the first man-made satellite considered by some to be of fine quality are a lot greater than those the climbers came across when they tried to reach the top of the highest mountain in the world that lies in the southwest of China.
主句
主语从句
定语从句
状语从句
主语
系动词（ 系表结构）
非谓语动词，到底用哪一个？
1. There was a time when almost every British family who kept bees (follow)
this rather strange tradition.
followed
2. However, things get out of hand when the media gets hold of the story, (put)
Mia in the spotlight.
putting
5. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology .
(change) lives.
to change
3. This year is special, (mark) the 250th anniversary of Beethoven’s birth.
marking
4. About 15 years ago, it was hard to imagine that the village could now have a beautiful
country road with flowers (line) either side, and become a national attraction.
lining
成分判断易错题：
7. But can uniforms help improve school standard The answer to this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
improved
8. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural(乡村的) areas. But 30 years later, the BIM difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed (sharp).
studied
sharply
6. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before.
compared
9. Each blind student (pair) with a sighted student will take part in this game.
paired
名词所有格、形容词形式、动名词形式，区别在哪？
3. 70% of the top 100 crops that feed 90% of the humans population reply on bees for pollination (授粉). Without them, these plants would stop existing. This can have a (harm) effect on the food chain.
harming
1. If the air is too hot or too cold, it prevents the growth of coffee plants. Climate changes also creates (environment) stress, which spreads pests and plant diseases.
environmental
2. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an indication of whether someone is of a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in KG by their height in meters squared, and ...
person’s
成分判断易错题：
1. In the daytime of the festival, performances such as dragon lantern dances, lion dances,
land boat dances and beating drums while dancing (stage).
are staged
2. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he could (learn) English.
when
3. It’s been a problem at school several times too teachers have told me something
that I didn’t want to hear.
learning
4. In fact, women who took 4,400 steps per day, on average, were about 40 percent less likely
(die).
to die
5. “Daddy, I’m so glad to see you,” I whispered. “I’m in town for the writer’s class, but I just couldn’t
miss your show." I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a
(surprise) smile.
surprised
成分判断易错题：
which
has proved
roughly
have promised
has been viewed
成分判断易错题：
The
that
will be
which
a
for
成分判断易错题：
1. The new floating city will consist of a series of hexagonal(六角形的) platforms and will benefit from a limestone(石灰石) coating that when (expose) to an electric current, it can be used to repair itself.
exposed
2. One theory is that as technology access (grow), social emotional skills decrease
(减少/降低).
grows
形容词还是副词形式？
1. Loneliness is a global problem, and scientists believe it can be as bad for your health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being (severe) overweight.
severely
Never go into a supermarket (hungry).
We arrived home (safe).
Men and women are born (equal).
hungry
safe
equal
特殊句式结构：
that
What a pity it is you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended it, you would have seen the famous singer.
but
China is no longer looking to the West for the fashion ideas, is developing its own styles.