L34-表时间与空间关系的介词 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

(共17张PPT)
时间与空间关系介词
Lesson 34：
授课人：曾老师
表示时间关系的介词
2022.8.28
时间的点、段、面：
8:00
10:00
时间段
时间点
时间点
假定这是一条时间长河：
11:53
时间点
当站在更高纬度，我们常常会将
“一段时间”看作是一个“点”,
这个就叫时间的”面”.
2022.8.29
界定时间的介词：
at
在某个时间点上(含前后)：
at 7:30, at that time, at the moment, at the beginning, …
in
在某段时间之内：in the morning, in spring, in August, in the 1960s, …
on
把段当面，涉及这段时间内的部分面：
On May 1, on Monday, on Tuesday morning, on the weekend, on those days, …
用在将来时：指从现在开始算起的一段时间后？ The work will be finished in two days.
界定时间的介词：
before
在某时间点之前：
一段时间之前要用ago：
I will be back before supper time. … before he came back.
Long time ago, three weeks ago.
after
在某时间点之后：
一段时间之后要用later：
I will be back after supper time. … after he came back.
three weeks later.
ahead of
早于/先于某个时间点：
The election was held six months ahead of schedule.
界定时间的介词：
during
在某段时间期间：
during the night, during the meeting, during the holiday, …
within
在某段时间内(不超过)：
You should receive a reply within seven days.
under
不足不到一定长度：
It took us under an hour. (相当于：no more than)
with
表示持有/拥有的时间长度：
With only two days before the election, they find themselves in a race against time.
界定时间的介词：
since
自从某个时间点开始以来：
I have lived in this city since 2006. … since he was ill.
from
从某个时间点开始：
He was blind from birth. We’re open from 8 to 7 every day.
for
表明动作持续的时间长度：
I have lived in this city for 10 years.
by
到某个时间点为止：
Supper will be finished by 6:00. … by the end of last month
界定时间的介词：
till/until
某个动作一直持续
到某个时候：
He will work here until 6 o’clock.
He will not go to bed until he finishes his homework.
over
满覆盖(超过)多长时间：
We waited over 2 hours.
beyond
时间上晚于：
It won’t go on beyond midnight.
界定时间的介词：
around
在某个时间点前后：
He arrived around five o’clock. (相当于：about)
between
在二个时间点之间：
It’s cheaper between 6 p.m. and 8 a.m.
past
跨过/越过了某个时间点：
half past ten
to
快到/接近了某个时间点：
ten to ten
表示空间关系的介词
空间位置的“点”、“面”、“体”：
地理位置上的
点
内有相对封闭空间的
物体
实心物体的外立
面
界定地理位置的介词：
at
在某点及周边
辐射区范围内：
at home, at the school, at the desk, at the door, at the blackboard,
at the bus stop, at the railway station, I’m at the village. …
in
处于空间内：
(可见的)
in the room, in the hall, in the bus, in the bottle, I’m in the village.
in the box, in the street, in my hand, arrive in Beijing, …
on
强调在面上：
(且靠它支撑着)
on the desk, on the playground, on the bus, on the road,
stand on his knee, lie on my back, go to school on foot, …
界定地理位置的介词：
after
（排序上)处于后面：
He walked out, and Louise went after him.
before
（排序上)处于前面：
A girl was sitting before me.
Your name is before mine on the list.
in front of
在正视面的前方：
I’ll meet you in front of your hotel.
注意区别：in the front of ...
ahead of
因领先而处于前头：
Two boys were ahead of us.
She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.
界定地理位置的介词：
round
around
围绕着某个
点的四周：
The earth goes round/around the sun.
We travelled round/around India. … around the corner.
near (to)
离某物体不远：
(也可看作是形容词)
Our school is near (to) the hospital.
next (to)
挨着某个物体：
(也可看作是形容词)
Our school is next (to) the hospital.
opposite
在物体的前方对面：
Jennie had sat opposite Mary at breakfast.
界定地理位置的介词：
under
over的反义词
物体的正下方：
They found a labyrinth of tunnels(迷宫似的地道) under the ground.
The boat lay under several feet of water.
Have you looked under the bed
… under the chair
over
无缝隙在某个物体的
正上方, 或越过/跨过
某个物体的轨迹：
If one thing is over another thing or is moving over it, the first thing is directly above the second, either resting on it, or with a space between them.
They jumped over the stream.
He put a blanket over the sleeping child.
All over the world.
界定地理位置的介词：
above
位置上高于某个物体：
The water came above our knees. … above the clouds.
below
位置上低于某个物体：
He dived below the surface of the water. … below this line.
between
介于某二个物体之间：
I sat down between Jo and Diana.
among
在多个物体的中间：
(被围绕着)
… a house among the trees.
She disappeared among the crowd.
It‘s OK, you’re among friends now. (引伸义)
He achieved great success and was among the excellent students in the studies.
界定地理位置的介词：
outside
在某个空间之外：
She is outside (of) the room.
beside
在某个物体侧边：
He stood beside me.
behind
在某个物体背后：
Who’s the girl standing behind Jane
inside
在某个空间之内(看不见)：
She is inside the room.
（待续）