L38-不定式短语 初中英语词性句法新讲课件

(共22张PPT)
动词不定式短语
Lesson 38：
授课人：曾老师
动词不定式短语的概念：
动词不定式也是动词的一种变形变性。它由前面加“to”或不加“to”种方式构成。
▲不管加不加“to”，动作词都需要用原形。
My neighbor invited me to join their party.
It’s very important to remember this.
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
我邻居邀请我去加入他们的party
记牢这点非常重要
这个会议将被推迟到星期五
他感觉帮助穷人是他的职责
动词不定式短语的二大特性：
* 表示该动作“接下来将要去做”
* 这个动作为一次性的动作行为
动词不定式短语的词性及用法：
动词不定式短语虽然有动作行为的意思在内，但它无法单独用来做谓语。
它兼具“名称词性、名称限定词性、名称表述词性、动作描述词性”四种词性。
To see is to believe.
It took me two hours to finish the letter.
He decided to buy a new car.
My wish to visit France has come true at last.
His dream, to go to USA, finally comes true.
主语
真正主语
宾语
同位语
同位语
A. 名称词性 在句子中用作主语、宾语、同位语。比如：
动词不定式短语的词性及用法：
That’s the way to do it well.
Do you have anything to say on the question
The next train to arrive is from Washington.
She is the youngest chess player ever to win the prize.
B. 名称限定词性 用作名称词的后置定语。比如：
▲ 动词不定式短语中的动作词如果是不及物动作词，请注意要在动词后面加上一个合适的
介词，因为不及物动作词无法直接跟宾语。比如：
Would you please give me some paper to write on
I am looking for a room to live in.
She can’t bear to be laughed at.
动词不定式短语的词性及用法：
To see is to believe.
His wish is to be a policeman.
My neighbor invited me to join their party.
表述语
表述语
宾语补足语
C. 名称表述词性 在句子中用作表语、补足语。比如：
动词不定式短语的词性及用法：
I am working hard (in order/so as) to get a better result.
I come here only to say good-bye to you.　
I was being so foolish not to follow your advice.
The boy is not strong enough to lift the box.
She was too weak to stand up.
I’m glad to see you again.
There are stories of people buying a painting in an antique shop for peanuts only to find out it’s actually worth thousands of pounds.
D. 动作描述词性(副词性) 用作状语(表目的、结果、原因等)。比如：
常带动词不定式短语作宾语的动作词：
have to do
need to do
dare to do
seem to do
ask to do
wish to do
hope to do
plan to do
require to do
want to do
pretend to do
decide to do
choose to do
agree to do
refuse to do
promise to do
expect to do
prepare to do
become to do
afford to do
attempt to do
offer to do
swear to do
tend to do
demand to do
determine to do
learn to do
hesitate to do
volunteer to do
manage to do
be glad to do
be pleased to do
be happy to do
be sorry to do
would like to do
make up one’s mind to do
……
既可接不定式短语又可接动名词作宾语的动作词：
try to do
try doing
尝试去做…
试做..
有些动作词既可以接不定式，也可以跟动名词，但意思完全不同。比如：
like to do
like doing
喜欢去做…
喜欢做…
love to do
love doing
非常乐意去做…
爱做…
fail to do
fail doing
未能去做…
做某事失败了
stop to do
stop doing
停下来去做…
停止正在做的事
used to do
used to doing
过去常常去做…
习惯于做…
forget to do
forget doing
忘记去做…
忘记做过…
remember to do
remember doing
记得去做…
记得做过…
go on to do
go on doing
接着去做另一件事
继续做着原来的事
regret to do
regret doing
对接下来要去做某事感到遗憾
后悔做了某事
常带不定式短语作补足语的动作词：
ask sb. to do
need sb. to do
like sb. to do
would like sb. to do
wish sb. to do
hope sb. to do
want sb. to do
choose sb. to do
allow sb. to do
agree sb. to do
agree with sb. to do
help sb. (to) do
tell sb. to do
force sb. to do
get sb. to do
order sb. to do
teach sb. to do
require sb. to do
permit sb. to do
forbid sb. to do
persuade sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
invite sb. to do
beg sb. to do
warn sb. not to do
advise sb. to do
suggest sb. to do
expect sb. to do
make sb. (to) do
have sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
watch sb. do
hear sb. do
notice sb. do
listen to sb. do
feel sb. do
动词不定式短语的特殊句式：
It’s very important for us to remember this.
It took me two hours to finish the letter.
① 用“it”来做形式主语，不定式短语后置作真正主语。比如：
He is too excited to speak.
I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry.
② “too…to…”句式。比如：
We can do nothing but change it.
I can do nothing but bless you.
I want to do nothing but go out.
③ “do nothing but do…”句式。比如：
动词不定式短语的特殊句式：
The tourists have nothing to do but take pictures of each other.
You have nothing to do but wait.
So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all day and all night.
④ “Have nothing to do but do…”句式。比如：
we have no choice but to wait.
⑤ “Have no choice but to do…”句式。比如：
There’s little we can do except wait.
My mouth wouldn’t work, except to kiss you.
⑥ “…except do…”句式。前面有do不带to, 没有则带上to。比如：
动词不定式短语的特殊句式：
I find it easy enough to get on with Pam.
Many people have made it a rule to detoxify(身体排毒) once a year.
Chinese people find it our duty to help develop those African countries along the Belt and Road.
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.
⑦ 不定式短语用在V4结构中，必须要用it指代。比如：
不定式短语中的“时态”：
在动词不定式短语这个小天地中，还可以展现出多种不同的时态。比如：
He seems to be eating something.
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
进行时
完成时
完成时
完成进行时
不定式短语的“否定”形式：
动词不定式的否定很简单，一般直接在不定式前面加一个“not” 。比如：
I was being so foolish not to follow your advice.
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
I will write down your telephone number so as not to forget it.
“特殊”动词不定式短语：
“who, what, which, when, where, whether, how”等后面再加一个不定式构成不定式短语，
它的用法与动词不定式短语没有什么区别。比如：
When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
The question was where to get the medicine needed.
Please show us how to do it.
The question is how to put it into practice.
动词不定式短语的逻辑主语：
动词不定式短语不能作谓词，所以它没有语法上的主语。
但作为一个动作，它必定是由“谁”做出来的，这个动作的“发出者”就是它的逻辑主语。
逻辑主语可以是句中的“主语”，也可以是句中的“宾语”，有些则根本没说到，但听者却知道。
Kenny finally decided to teach the thief a lesson.
My uncle promised me to send a new bike this year.
I’d like you to get me some information.
The most important thing now is to save their lives.
To be frank, you are not the right person.
To live in a desert without water will be difficult.
逻辑主语为句中的主语Kenny
逻辑主语为句中的主语uncle
逻辑主语为句中的宾语you
逻辑主语在句中没提到，但听者知道
逻辑主语在句中没提到，但听者知道
逻辑主语在句中没提到，但听者知道
动词不定式短语的逻辑主语：
1. 在没有提到逻辑主语的句式中，可以加“for sb.”来引出这个动词不定式的逻辑主语。
比如：
The most important thing for us now is to save their lives.
To live in a desert without water will be difficult for a person.
It will be very easy for you to work it out.
No need for you to pay him the money.
It’s very important for you to remember this.
It’s time for us to go home.
动词不定式短语的逻辑主语：
2. 但有时也用“of sb.”。这种情况下，句中的表语形容词用来说明sb.的性格/属性/特征等。
It’s very kind/nice/foolish/clever/smart of you to tell me the truth.
This is the first time of us to take a bullet train.
▲ 用“for”还是用“of”跟表语形容词有关。
动词不定式短语的逻辑主语：
如果句中的表语为形容词，那么：
“对你来说，去做某事是怎么样的”，这种意思下常用“for sb.”
“去做某事，你是怎么样的”，这种意思下常用“of sb.”
如果句中的表语为名称词，那么：
“对你来说，去做某事情况如何”，这种意思下常用“for sb.”
“去做某事，你是什么样的情况”，这种意思下常用“of sb.”
There is no need for us to stay here one more day.
This will be the last chance for/of you to take the try.
极易混淆的不定式与介词：
prefer doing to doing
prefer to do…than do
Some people prefer talking to doing.
I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing.
宁愿这样，不愿那样
宁愿去…
devote oneself to doing
be devoted to doing
He devoted himself to seeking for a way to cure cancer.
He was devoted to helping the poor all his life.
奉献…
被奉献于…
look forward to doing
look forward to do
We are looking forward to visiting the city.
She looked forward to see what was going on.
期盼…
朝前看, 为了…
pay attention to doing
pay attention to do
Pay attention to (your) spelling.
You should pay more attention to win the game.
集中注意力在…上
不定式作目的状语
极易混淆的不定式与介词：
can’t help to do
can’t help doing
She said she couldn’t help to sweep the floor.
I can't help feeling sorry for the poor man.
不能帮忙去做…
禁不住(去怎么样)
get down to doing
get down to do
Once you want to do something, you must get down to doing it well.
If you really get down to work it would be fine.
着手在…事上
着手去做…
used to do
be used to doing
be used to do
We used to go sailing on the lake in summer.
I’m used to getting up early.
This piece of cloth can be used to make a bag.
过去常常…
习惯于…
被用于…
stick to doing
use a stick to do
Reporters should stick to investigating the facts.
You can use a stick to hold it.
坚持在…上
不定式作目的状语
极易混淆的不定式与介词：
give one’s life to doing
give one’s life to do
He gives his life to helping the poor.
He gave his life to save the child.
为…奉献了一生
为…献出了生命(目的状语)
have a dislike to doing
be likely to do
My wife has a great dislike to smoking.
We'll be likely to hire several people this month.
不喜欢…
有可能去做…
object to doing
be opposed to doing
Working people everywhere object to paying taxes.
People are opposed to planting trees there.
反对…
反对…
apply to do
apply sth. to doing
They may apply to join the organization.
Scientists tries to apply the new technology to farming.
申请去做…
运用于…
▲特别注意宾语从句后不定式短语作目的状语这种结构：
1. We did what we could you.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
√
2. --‘We’ll do what we can English well this term.’ --‘It’s high time for you to work hard. ’
A. study B. to study C. be studied D. be studying
3. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he English.
A. could learning B. learned C. could to learn D. could learn
√
√