Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum？ 现在完成时的用法； 现在完成时与过去式的辨析（教案）

现在完成时的用法及与过去式的辨析
教学课题：现在完成时的用法；与过去式的辨析
教学目标
通过讲解及练习，学生能掌握现在完成时的用法，能辨析现在完成时与过去时。
教学重点
1现在完成时中，延续性与非延续性动词的判断。
2辨析现在完成时与过去时。
四、教学步骤
（一）导入
通过思维导图，直观了解现在完成时的主要内容构成。
讲解
现在完成时
第一部分：现在完成时的结构及两用法：
1构成:助动词have /has +动词________
2用法：
表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,just,yet ,before,ever,recently,twice,three times等连用。如：
Have you ever been to the Great Wall
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for ,since ,in the past/last few years, so far等连用。如：
She has practiced the piano for two hours.
第二部分：since和for的辨析：
since 的四种用法
1，since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six
I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在这儿。
2，since+ 一段时间+ago
I have been here since five months ago。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。
3，since+从句Great
Changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。
4，It is +一段时间+since从句
It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成为英语老师有两年了。
Since 和for区别
1，Since +时间点，具体时间、
“自从、、、、以来，从、、、以后” 用来说明动作起始时间
I have been in Beijing since 2010.
2，For + 时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。
I have been in Beijing for one year。
We have learnt English for about three years.
I have been here for 3 days. (对)
I have arrived here for 3 days.（误）
第三部分：现在完成时中，延续性动词与非延续性动词的选用：
1、借：borrow—keep
I have kept the book for two days.
买: buy—have
He has had this bike for half a year.
3、离开：leave—be away
He has been away here since last year.
4死：die—be dead
His grandpa has been dead for two years.
5、来：come (to)—be (in/at)
He has been here for 5 days. 他来这儿五天了
He has been in Beijing for 5 days. 他来北京五天了。
6、到（指“到达）：arrive/reach—be (in/at)
He has been in Chengdu for two days.
开始：begin/start—be on
The meeting been on for twenty minutes.
8、加入：join/take part in—be in
His father has been in the Party since twenty years ago.
患感冒：catch a cold—have a cold
I have had a cold since last Friday.
打开：open—be open
The shop has been opened since 8:00.
关上：close—be closed
The store has been closed since last month.
担心：worry—be worried
She has been worried about her son since then.
回来：come back/go back/return—be back
He has been back for two days.
13、结婚：marry/get married—be married (to)
He been married to Mary for two years.
He has married for two years.
14、睡着：fall asleep—be asleep
The baby has been asleep since 8:00. 宝宝自从八点钟就睡着了。
第四部分: 完成时三大句型的辨析：
have/ has been to 某人去过某地
He have/ has been to Beijing twice.
have/has gone to某人去了某地
He isn't here. He have/has gone to Beijing.
have/has been in 某人呆在某地
He has been in Beijing for five years .
第五部分: 现在完成时和过去时的辨析：
相同点：现在完成时与一般过去时的动作都发生在过去。
不同点：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在，与现在有关；而一般过去时只说明动作发生在过去，与现在无关。如：
The boy has climbed the mountain twice. （强调对现在的影响，这个男孩对这座山有一定了解。）
The boy climbed the mountain . （只说明这男孩原来爬过这座山。）
（三） 巩固练习：
单项选择
1、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
3、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
4、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
5、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
完成句子
The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.
(把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been here
The old man _________ last year. He for a year(die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
（四）思维导图 ，总结归纳