2022年中考备考复习1小时破解“非谓语动词”课件（共有PPT25张）

(共25张PPT)
非谓语动词
一小时破解
中考
学习目标
1. 能够准确理解并表述非谓语动词的概念。
2. 能够正确理解并运用非谓语动词（不定式，动名词、现在分词、过去分词）形式。
学习目标
是什么？
考什么？
怎么用？
非谓语动词考点
命题趋势特点
非谓语动词是历年必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1. 动词不定式to do（短语）作主语、宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语的用法； 2. 动词-ing形式作宾语、宾补的用法； 3. 动词后接动词不定式to do（短语）和动词-ing(短语）的不同含义； 4. 过去分词done（短语）作定语、宾补的用法。动词不定式to do作宾语、目的状语及宾补，
动词-ing形式作宾语一直是中考考查的重点。
非谓语动词初体验
她喜欢旅行。
她计划旅行。
她让我和她一起去旅行。
我拒绝了和她一起去旅行。
我答应和她一起去旅行。
She enjoy travel.
She plan travel.
She ask me go travel with her.
I refuse go travel with her.
I promise go travel with her.
你是不是这样说过？
非谓语动词初体验
她喜欢旅行。
她计划旅行。
她让我和她一起去旅行。
我拒绝了和她一起去旅行。
我答应和她一起去旅行。
She enjoys travelling.
She plans to travel.
She asked me to go to travel with her.
I refused to go to travel with her.
I promised to go to travel with her.
非谓语动词基础概念
定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外 (不作谓语) 的句子的各种成分（作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、补语、同位语）的动词形式。
种类：动词不定式 to do
动名词 doing
现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
判断下面几句话中划线部分是谓语还是非谓语，若是非谓语的话在句中作什么成分。
The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. ( )
Have you finished reading the book ( )
I was playing with my phone when my mother came in. ( )
China is a developing country. America is a developed country. ( )
She often reads with her daughter in the evening. ( )
非谓语动词基础概念
定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外 (不作谓语) 的句子的各种成分（作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、补语、同位语）的动词形式。
种类：动词不定式 to do
动名词 doing
现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
判断下面几句话中划线部分是谓语还是非谓语，若是非谓语的话在句中作什么成分。
The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. (非谓语to do 形式作目的状语)
Have you finished reading the book (非谓语动名词doing 形式作宾语)
I was playing with my phone when my mother came in.(谓语动词过去进行时；一般过去时)
China is a developing country. America is a developed country.(非谓语现在分词doing 和过去分词done作定语)
She often reads with her daughter in the evening. (谓语动词一般现在时)
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do
句子成分 用法
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。
常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂
作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like, hope, wish, plan, decide, learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start， can’t wait to do, used to do等。think, find, believe, feel等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision , ability, ambition 。
作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语。
作补语 allow, expect, invite, would like, encourage, tell, ask, advise, warn等动词（短语）的宾语后即 “ 动词+ sb/ sth+ to do” 结构用不定式to do 做宾语补足语。
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do
练一练（第1-4小题单句填空，第5-6小题单项选择，第7小题同义句转换）：
1. I hope ______(hear) from you soon .
2. He found _______ difficult _______(get) asleep after drinking coffee.
3. I am here ______(help) you out of troubles.
4. He was overjoyed _______(find) he got an A in the exam.
5. Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting_____an Oscar
and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning C. not to win D. not winning
6.The villagers plan_____a new bridge_____ the river.
A. build ; on B. building; over C. built; on D. to build; over
7. To get an injection is a little painful.
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do
练一练（第1-4小题单句填空，第5-6小题单项选择，第7小题同义句转换）：
1. I hope ______(hear) from you soon .
2. He found _______ difficult _______(get) asleep after drinking coffee.
3. I am here ______(help) you out of troubles.
4. He was overjoyed _______(find) he got an A in the exam.
5. Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting_____an Oscar
and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning C. not to win D. not winning
6.The villagers plan_____a new bridge_____ the river.
A. build ; on B. building; over C. built; on D. to build; over
7. To get an injection is a little painful.
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection
to hear
it
to get
to help
to find
A
D
It’s
to
get
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do 的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to ，即“let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth ”；但被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。此类动词有：
一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 五帮(help)。
例句：
Let’s listen to her play the beautiful music To Alice《致爱丽丝》.
My parents don’t let me go out alone at night.
Did you notice a strange man come into our campus.
Jack often helps me (to) learn English.
Our teacher made us make three sentences with these words.
→ We were made to make three sentences with these words (by our teacher).
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do 的特殊用法
② 有些主从句中，从句部分可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”结构来作宾语、主语、表语.
Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital
→ Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.
She can’t remember what she need buy.
→ She can’t remember what to buy.
例题：—Wow, Wendy, it's cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.
— Just with a software called Meipai. Let me show you ______.
A. which to use B. how to use it
C. what to use D. where to use it
考点梳理——动词不定式 to do 的特殊用法
② 有些主从句中，从句部分可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”结构来作宾语、主语、表语.
Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital
→ Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.
She can’t remember what she need buy.
→ She can’t remember what to buy.
例题：—Wow, Wendy, it's cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.
— Just with a software called Meipai. Let me show you ______.
A. which to use B. how to use it
C. what to use D. where to use it
B
考点梳理——动名词 doing 用法
动名词doing 兼有动词和名词的特点，相当于一个名词。
句子 成分 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式， 常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is no use arguing again.
再去争吵也没有用。
作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.
她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。
作宾语 只用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, can’t help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest, practice, succeed in, be/get used to, look forward to, enjoy, be busy, be worth, have difficulty/trouble/problem等。 No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.
不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用，如a walking stick。 There is a swimming pool in her home.
她家有个游泳池。
考点梳理——动名词 doing 和不定式to do特殊用法
stop to do sth.
停下来去做另外一件事
stop doing sth.
停止正在做的某事
remember to do sth.
记着要去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.
记得做过了某事(已做)
try to do sth.
尽力/努力去做某事
try doing sth.
尝试着做某事
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做原来所做的事
forget to do sth.
忘记去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth.
忘记做过了某事(已做)
mean to do sth.
打算要做某事
mean doing sth.
意味着做某事
stop
remember
try
regret
go on
forget
mean
need
regret to do sth.
遗憾/后悔要做（还没做）
regret doing sth.
后悔做过（已做过）
need to do sth.
需要去做某事
need doing sth.=need to be done需要被……
有些动词后跟不定式to do 和动名词doing 意义相差很大。
want to do sth 想做某事
want doing 需要被……
考点梳理——动名词 doing 和不定式to do特殊用法
练一练（第1-3小题单句填空，第4小题单项选择）：
1. My mother says ______ (drink) a glass of milk every day _____(be) good for our health.
2. Grandma Li made his grandson ______(stop) ______(cry) and _______(fall) asleep
after ________ (sing) a lullaby(摇篮曲).
3. It’s no use _______(cry) over spilt milk(覆水难收).
4. — Ms. Griffin, what should we do _____ stupid mistakes in the coming exams
— Be more careful.
A．to avoid to make B．avoiding making
C．avoid to make D．to avoid making
考点梳理——动名词 doing 和不定式to do特殊用法
练一练（第1-3小题单句填空，第4小题单项选择）：
1. My mother says ______ (drink) a glass of milk every day _____(be) good for our health.
2. Grandma Li made his grandson ______(stop) ______(cry) and _______(fall) asleep
after _______ (sing) a lullaby(摇篮曲).
3. It’s no use _______(cry) over spilt milk(覆水难收).
4. — Ms. Griffin, what should we do _____ stupid mistakes in the coming exams
— Be more careful.
A．to avoid to make B．avoiding making
C．avoid to make D．to avoid making
is
stop
crying
fall
singing
crying
D
drinking
考点梳理——现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done
分词的运用应考虑动词发生的时间状态以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系
句子成分 用法 例句
作定语 现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot.
那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。
The opening ceremony directed by Zhang Yimou was a success.
由张艺谋执导的开幕式大获成功。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语，此时已经形容词化。 The story is interesting. I am interested in it.
这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
作宾语 补足语 用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态 He could hear his heart beating fast.
他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。
I had my TV repaired last night .
我昨晚 (找人) 把电视修好了。
作状语 现在分词通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。过去分词通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作， I got home, feeling very tired.
我疲惫地回到家里。
Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.
和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。
实战演练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
1.（2021·湖北鄂州市）—What did the teacher say just now —He told us _____ in the river. A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim
2.（2021·辽宁营口市）The lecture（讲座）is worth _____. Please tell John _____ late. A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
3.（2021·四川广元市）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him _____ in
the music room. A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing
4.（2021·广西梧州市）My parents are used to _____ after supper. A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked
实战演练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
1.（2021·湖北鄂州市）—What did the teacher say just now —He told us _____ in the river.A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim【答案】C【详解】句意：—老师刚才说了什么？—他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，故选C。2.（2021·辽宁营口市）The lecture（讲座）is worth _____. Please tell John _____ late.A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be【答案】D【详解】句意：这个讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be worth doing sth.，表示“值得做某事”，第一空应用动名词形式attending，表示“参加”，在句中作宾语；固定搭配：tell sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“告诉某人(不）要做某事”，根据“The lecture is worth...”可知，此处指告诉约翰不要迟到，第二空应为not to be。故选D。3.（2021·四川广元市）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him _____ in the music room.A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing【答案】D【详解】句意：这个男孩对音乐很着迷，我们经常听到他在音乐室唱歌。考查非谓语。此处是hear sb do/doing sth的结构，do表示动作已完成；doing表示动作正在进行；结合alway可知，动作是已经过去，应用省略to的不定式作宾语，故选D。4.（2021·广西梧州市）My parents are used to _____ after supper.A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked【答案】C【详解】句意：我父母习惯于晚饭后散步。考查非谓语。be used to do sth被用来做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事，结合语境，此处应用动名词形式，表示习惯于散步，故选C。
实战演练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
5.（2021·辽宁大连市）Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday ___ the project again.
A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss
6（2021·黑龙江大庆市）—English is difficult _____ at the beginning. —Yes, but if you keep _____ , you can make progress. A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; trying C．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try
7（2021·广西百色市）I used to _____ at half past six, but now I am getting used to _____at seven.
A．getting up; get up B．get up; getting up
C．got up; getting up D．got up; get up
实战演练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
5.（2021·辽宁大连市）Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday _____ the project again,A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss【答案】D【详解】句意：别担心。我们下周一再开会讨论这个项目。考查非谓语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表达的是目的，作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故选D。6（2021·黑龙江大庆市）—English is difficult _____ at the beginning. —Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; tryingC．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try【答案】B【详解】句意：—英语刚开始很难学。—是的，但如果你继续努力，你会取得进展的。考查非谓语动词。根据“English is difficult…”可知，此处使用动词不定式的主动形式表被动，排除AC；keep doing sth继续做某事，使用动名词作宾语，故选B。7（2021·广西百色市）I used to _____ at half past six, but now I am getting used to _____at seven.A．getting up, get up B．get up, getting up C．got up, getting up D．got up, get up【答案】B【详解】句意：我过去常常六点半起床，但现在我正在习惯七点钟起床。考查非谓语动词。used to do sth过去常常做某事；get used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据“but now”可知，前一句是描述过去常做的事情，第一空应填get up。第二句是描述现在习惯做的事情，第二空应填getting up，故选B。
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