中考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 3 代词、数词

文档属性

名称 中考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 3 代词、数词
格式 pptx
文件大小 949.9KB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-04-11 14:04:02

图片预览

文档简介

(共50张PPT)
Lesson 3代词、数词代词Tom is a student and he is eight years old.什么是代词?代词是代替名词并起到名词作用的词。代词分类不定代词指示代词疑问代词物主代词人称代词反身代词相互代词关系代词人称代词定义:用来指代人或物的代词,分为第一、第二、第三人称。第一人称代词:我(I)、我们(we)第二人称代词:你(you)、你们(you)第三人称代词:他(he)、她(she)、它(it)、他们(they)人称代词人称代词作主语时,用主格形式。He likes sports.人称代词作宾语时,用宾格形式。We all like him.I give a pen to her.人称代词的排序单数二you三he/she一IYou, he and I are in the same school.复数一we二you三theyWe, you and they are all from Beijing.代词it指代动物或者没有生命的事或物It is a lovely cat.The coat is nice. I will buy it.指代时间、天气和距离It is eight o'clock now.It rains today.It is three kilometres from my home to school.代替不定式,作形式主语或形式宾语It is important to learn English.I think it necessary to keep healthy.形式主语常用结构:It is+adj./n.+to do sth. “做某事是怎么样的”形式宾语常用结构:think/feel/find+it+adj./n.+to do sth.动词不定式作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,一般用it作形式主语,把真正的主语动词不定式to do置后,常用于“It is +adj./n.+to do sth.”结构中。To learn English well is important.=It is important to learn English well.It is a hard job for her to look after so many kids.当表达“做某事对某人来说是……”的时候,用“It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”结构,当前面的形容词是表示人的性格或品质时,用介词of;其它形容词用介词for。It is easy for us to get along with him.It is kind of you to help us a lot.物主代词定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的词,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词起形容词作用,用来修饰名词,放在名词前,不可单独使用。(形容词性物主代词+名词)典型例题 1____ schoolbag is heavier than mine.A. YouB. YourC. YoursD. Yourself典型例题 2---Is this your English book ---No, ______book is over there.A.mine B. his C. my D. I典型例题 3On my way home, I saw a boy looking for____ mother.A. he B. his C. her D. hers名词性的物主代词在句中起名词作用,可以单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,后边不可以再加名词。典型例题 1Your shoes are white.are black.A. Mine B. My C. Me D. I典型例题 2This book is mine and that book is ______.A. her B. hersC. she D. herself典型例题3I like that blue shirt. Is it ______ A. you B. yourC. yours D. yourself名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词反身代词定义:反身代词是动作发出者将动作反射到自己身上的代词。I teach myself English.The girl looks after herself while her parents are out.by oneself 独自help oneself to 随便吃enjoy oneself 玩得开心teach oneself 自学say to oneself 自言自语指示代词定义:表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”指向性的代词。this这个these这些that 那个those那些This a present for you.I don't like those books on that desk.电话用语中,This is…表示“我是……”;Is that… 表示“你是……吗?”典型例题 1---Hello, may I speak to Tom ---Hello,_____ is Tom speaking.A. it B. this C. that D. these典型例题2---Who isspeaking ---This is Tom.A. this B. that C. it D. thesethat, those常用来代替前面出现过的名词或名词词组,that指代单数名词,those指代复数名词,以免重复。Theweatherin Beijing is colder thanthatin Shanghai.Thestudentsin Class 1 are more thanthosein Class 2.疑问代词who谁whose谁的what什么how many多少(+可数名词)how much多少(+不可数名词)which哪一个典型例题1---______is this blue bag ---It's Mike's.A. Who B. WhoseC. What D. Which典型例题2---____do you prefer, tea or coffee ---Tea, please.A. What B. HowC. Where D. Which不定代词定义:不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。one和onesone用来替代前面的单数可数名词,ones用来替代复数名词,以避免重复。典型例题1I lost my old camera; this is a new________.A. ones B. one C. it D. this典型例题2Red apples often taste better than green ______.A. one B. ones C. its D. thisone表示同一类it表示同一个either, any, neither, both, all, none的用法either两者中任何一个(either...or...或者……或者……)both两者都(both...and...两者都)neither两者都不(neither...nor...两者都不)all三者或以上都none三者或以上都不典型例题 1There are a lot of trees on ______ side of the street.A.bothB.noneC. eitherD. all典型例题 2______of his parents are teachers.A.EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. Allany三者或以上中任何一个the other两者中另一个VSanother三者或以上中另一个典型例题 1I have two uncles. One is a policeman and _______ is a doctor.A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. the others典型例题 2Here are three apples. One is red, ______ is green and the third is yellow.A. the otherB. another C. othersD. the othersother其余的(+名词复数)others不确定的另外一些(=other+名词复数)the others确定的另外一些(=the other+名词复数)典型例题 1After class, some students are talking with each other, and____are playing games.A. the other B. the others C. others D. another典型例题2I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and __ are blue.A. the others B. the other C. others D. another典型例题3Theboy is playing with____children over there.A. the others B. the other C. other D. anotherVSsomeanyVS肯定句表示请求的疑问句否定句、疑问句典型例题1There are ______ apples in the box.A. some B. anyC. littleD. a little典型例题2Do you have _____ water here A. someB. anyC. fewD. many典型例题3Would you like______coffee, please A. someB.littleC.anyD. manyVS典型例题 1Would you like to have a look at my stamps I have ____.A. much B. manyC. little D. a little典型例题 2Here are so_____ oranges. May I have______ A. much, some B. many, few C. many, some D. few, somemany(+可数名词)much(+不可数名词)a few一些、几个VSfew很少、几乎没有修饰可数名词a little一点VSlittle很少、几乎没有修饰不可数名词典型例题1Let's buy some milk. There is _____ in the fridge.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little典型例题2He has _______friends. He often plays with them.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleVSeveryeach1、三者或以上中每一个2、只能作形容词,放在名词前面作定语1、两者中每一个2、作形容词或者代词,可以作主语、宾语,可与of连用典型例题1 of the boys has a pencil and some paper. A. All B. Every C. Everyone D. Each复合不定代词some-no-every-any-somebody (某人)something (某事)someone (某人)anybody (任何人)anything (任何事)anyone (任何人)everybody (每个人)everything (每件事)everyone (每个人)nobody (没有人)nothing (没事)no one (没有人)复合不定代词+形容词典型例题1I have______to tell you.A. important somethingB. something importantC. important nothingD. anything importantVSnoneno one/nobodynothing表示数量的多少,用来回答how many/much或者Is/Are there... 的提问。表示个体,用来回答what/who提出的问题。---Are there any fruits in the fridge ---None.---Who is in the room now ---No one.everythinganythingVS一定范围内每一样东西指代任何东西,没有范围相互代词相互代词:表示“互相”意义的代词。each other表示两者之间互相;one another表示三者或以上之间互相。We should learn from each other.They send messages to one another.代词的作用主语Wehad a good time at John's birthday party.Everythinggoes well.宾语The boy atenothingfor breakfast.We should learn fromeach other.表语—Who is knocking at the door —It isme.定语Myumbrella is hanging behind the door.Don't touchthatcat. It is dangerous.同位语Theybothlike travelling abroad.Weeachhave a computer.沙场大点兵1. My bike is broken. May I borrow________  A. you  B. yourself C. yours D. your2. Would you like some tea or coffee _________. Thanks, I've had enough.A. Either  B. Neither C. Some D. Both3. I bought ___________ exercise books with __________ money.A. a few, a few  B. a few, a little C. a little, a fewD. a little, a little4. Enjoy_____________, Mark and Mary. A. yourself B. myself C. yourselves D. themselves5. Would you like ___________ coffee Yes, I'd like ______________. A. any, any B. some, some  C. some, any D. any, some6. Which would you like, tea or coffee I don't mind. _______ is OK. A. Either B. Neither  C. Any  D. Both7. Help __________ to some chicken, boys and girls. A. you B. yours C. yourself  D. yourselves8. ---What do you usually have for breakfast ---_____ milk and ______ eggs. A. Little, a littleB. A few, few C. A little, a few D. A few, a little9. There isn't _______ paper here. Will you go and get __________for me A. any, any B. any, some C. much, many  D. many, much10. The farmer is busy because he has so _____ sheep to keep and so _____ work to do. A. much, many B. many, much C. many, a lot  D. a lot, much数词分类及定义基数词序数词表示数量的多少表示顺序的先后数词基数词的用法构成基数词1-12 是独立的单词one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成,其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen是不规则变化。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成,其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety非整十基数词21-99:十位数与个位数之间加上连字符“-”。twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight三位数以上的基数词,百位数和十位数/个位数之间用and连接。201:two hundred and one3514:three thousand,five hundred and fourteen98132: ninety-eight thousand,one hundred and thirty-two324901: three hundred and twenty-four thousand,nine hundred and one百:hundred千:thousand百万:million十亿:billion万:ten thousand十万:one hundred thousandhundredthousandmillionbillion的用法表示确切数字时,只用其单数形式three hundredten thousand表示不确切数字时,要用其复数形式,并且与of连用,表示约数hundreds ofmillions of典型例题 1There are more than______days in a year.A. three hundredsB. three hundredC. three hundreds ofD. three hundred of典型例题 2______visitors travel to the Great Wall every year.A.ThousandsB. Thousands ofC. ThousandD. Thousand of基数词表示编号名词+基数词(首字母大写)Lesson Five 第五课Room 306 306房间Page Twelve 第十二页Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班典型例题1The first lesson is easier than___.A. Lesson sixB. Lesson SixC. lesson sixD. lesson Six典型例题2There are a lot of students in___.A. Grade Three, Class TwoB. Class Two, grade threeC. Class Two, Grade threeD. Class Two, Grade Three序数词的用法构成序数词1-3是独立的单词first, second, third基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成,其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth整十的基数词20-90变序数词时,变y为i再加“eth”。twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth21以上非整十基数词变序数词时,只需将其个位数变成序数词,其它位数仍用基数词。twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth常见的数词表达日期的表达月日年日月年2017年10月1日October 1st, 20172017年10月1日the first of October, 2017时间的表达直接表达法基数词 + o‘clock来表示整点eight o’clock8:00钟点 + 分钟eleven five11:05six forty6:40间接表达法topast分钟数少于30分钟,分钟 + past + 钟点twenty past four 四点二十 eight past one 一点零八分分钟数多于30分钟,(60分钟-原分钟数)+ to +(原钟点数+ 1)twenty-five to nine8:35十五分钟fifteen/a quarter三十分钟thirty/half年龄的表达“基数词+years old”,“years old”也可以省略。The boy is twelve (years old).“在……年龄时”,用“at the age of +基数词”表示。He learned to play the piano at the age of six.“在……几十岁时”,用“in one's +整十的复数”表示。The mandiedin his fifties.“半”的表达一半:half a/an +名词 或 a half +名词half an hour 或 a half hour 半小时几个半:”基数词 +名词+and a half“或”基数词+and a half+名词“two apples and a half或two and a half apples两个半苹果数量词的用法表示长、宽、高,用“基数词+单位词(meter, kilometer, foot, inch等)+形容词(long, wide, high等)” 表示。two meters long 两米长three inches high 三英尺高表示时间、距离时,用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes’walk 步行五分钟 two hours‘ride 骑车两小时由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词,其中的名词用单数形式,各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿a five-day holiday 五天的假期The building is ten meters high.(√)This is a ten-meter-high building.(√)The building is ten-meter-high.(×)This is a ten meters high building.(×)次数的表达一次:once二次:twice三次及以上:基数词+timesthree times 三次ten times 十次twenty-eight times 二十八次分数的表达基数词序数词> 1+ s1/3 one third3/8 three eighths倍数的表达A is +倍数+as +形容词原级+as B “A是B的多少倍”。This room is twice as big as that one.A is +倍数 +形容词比较级+than B “A 比B大(多、高……)多少倍”。This car is three times more expensive than that truck.A is +倍数 +the size/length/width/height+ofB “A是B(大小、长、宽、高)的多少倍”。The house is four times the size of that one.数词的作用主语Fouris the double of two.Fiveof them went to the factory.宾语Here are many apples, but I only eattwo.表语My friend iseighteen.Two and two isfour.定语He hastwobrothers.There arethirtystudents in my class.同位语Wetwoare Chinese.1. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of2. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten mile's walk D. tenth mile walk3. Which room do you live in ________.A. 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. 201's Room4. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-years-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. ten year old5. On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.A. the first, millions B. the first, millions of C. first, the millionth D. first, millions沙场大点兵