中考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 2 冠词、名词

(共38张PPT)
Lesson 2冠词、名词冠词鸡冠鸡帽子人a book冠词名词冠词就是名词的帽子冠词的定义冠词是用来限定名词的词，放在名词前面，不能离开名词而单独存在，必须和名词连用。He has a.He has a dog.冠词的分类不定冠词（a/an）定冠词（the）冠词的用法不定冠词（a/an）:用于不确定的名词前，表示泛指，“一个”定冠词（the）:用于确定的名词前，表示特指，“这个”I haveabook.Thered book on the desk is mine.不定冠词的用法a与an的区别a boy [b ]an apple [' p( )l]an orange [' r n(d) ]元音字母（A E I O U）并不一定发元音a university [ju:n 'v :s t ]一所大学a unit ['ju:n t] 一个单元a European [j r 'pi: n] country 一个欧洲国家a useful ['ju:sf l] book 一本有用的书a用在以辅音开头的单词前，an用在以元音开头的单词前，判断一个单词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。首字母不发音的单词要注意an hour ['a ]an honest [' n st] boy一个诚实的孩子26个字母的发音哪些是元音开头A[ei]E[i:]F[ef]H[eit∫]I[ai]L[el]M[em]N[en]O[ u]R[ɑ:]S[es]X[eks]There isan“f”in the word“five”.There isa“b” andan“o” in the word “boy”.不定冠词用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前This is a book.There is a boy in the classroom.泛指一类人或事物A plane is a machine that can fly.A tiger can be dangerous.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一“的意思，相当于every。five lessons a weektwice a month用于序数词前，表示“又一；再一”。They had a second child.定冠词的用法表示双方都知道的人或事物。Open the door, please. 请把门打开。Pass me the key.把钥匙给我。表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。（第一次提到用“a或an”以后再次提到用“the”）Do you know the girl in red I have a book. The book is very interesting.There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is new.表示世界上独一无二的事物。the sunthe earththe moon用在序数词，形容词最高级前面。the first lessonthe tallest boy用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人现在正在看电视。用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前。The sun rises from the east. 太阳从东方升起。I like playing the piano. 我喜欢弹钢琴。用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国用在表示年份的复数名词前，表示某年代。He was born in the 1980s.与某些形容词连用表示一类人。the poorthe rich不用冠词的情况专有名词（人名，地名，国名）、物质名词、抽象名词前面用零冠词。China is a great country.Water is important for us.Happiness comes from hard work.表示节日、日期、星期、月份、季节词前不用冠词。June 1st is Children's Day.They often go fishing on Sunday.三餐、球类、学科名词、交通工具前不用冠词。have breakfast play football learn English by bus常用短语中有无冠词的区别go to school上学go to the school到学校去go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed向床边走去in hospital因病住院in the hospital在医院里有冠词表示在该地方，没有冠词表示该地方的用途沙场大点兵1. ---My son seldom hasbreakfast.---It isunhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it. A. /; an B. the; an C. /; a D. the; a2. The second Sunday of May is ______ Mother's Day. It's ______special day for children to show their love for their mothers.A. a；the B. the；a C.不填；a D.不填；the3. Li Na plays______ tennis very well. She has become _____first Asian woman to reach a Grand Slam(大满贯) final.A. a, the B. /, the C. the, a D. /, a4. Helen has ________ lovely pet dog. ________ dog is clever enough to bring her newspapers every evening.A. a: A B. the; The C. a: The D. the: A5. Beijing, __________ capital of China, has ___________ long history.A. a, a B. the, 不填 C. the, a D. 不填, the名词carstudentfiremilkChinahappiness表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的词称为名词名词的分类普通名词专有名词carmilkChinaObama名词的分类普通名词可数名词不可数名词carmilk物质名词抽象名词firehappiness个体名词集体名词studentfamily可数名词变复数规则名词变复数一般情况词尾加s以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加es以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i再加es以f、fe结尾的词，把f或fe变为v再加esbook→books desk→desksbus→buses box→boxesfamily→families butterfly→butterfliesleaf→leaves life→lives不规则名词变复数某国人变复数的规则“中日不变英法变，其余s加后面”:Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen American→Americans German→Germans以o结尾的名词变复数时，有生命的名词在词尾加es，无生命的名词在词尾加s:potato→potatoestomato→tomatoes hero→heroesphoto→photos radio→radiosman或woman构成合成词变复数时，两个名词全部都要变成复数形式；其它词构成符合名词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式：man teacher →men teachersboy student →boy students改变单数名词中的元音字母，读音改变：man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth mouse→mice单复数形式相同，读音不变：sheep→sheep deer→deerChinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese其他形式： child→childrenox→oxen典型例题1How many(sheep) are there on the hill I like taking(photo).Thirty(family) live in this building.sheepphotosfamilies典型例题2Most of the tourists on the coach are(German), and only two of them are(Japanese).How many(woman doctor) are there in the hospital GermansJapanesewomen doctors单数可数名词不可以单独出现，必须加上冠词或者用复数形式你喜欢苹果吗？Do you likethe apple Do you likeapples 狗是我们的朋友。The dogis our friend.Dogsare our friend.不可数名词量的表达a car; three carsa milk; three milk用some, any, a little, little, much, a lot of, lots of等表示量的多少。much moneya little water用“a/an+量词+of+名词”的形式来表达。a bottle of milkthree bottles of milkfive cups of coffee典型例题I'm hungry. I'd like tohave.A. two bowl of riceB. two bowls of ricesC.two bowls of rice D. two bowls rice可数名词表示种类a/an+单数名词the+单数名词名词复数An elephant is a big animal.The elephant is a big animal.Elephants are big animals.不可数名词表示种类单数不可数名词Money is important.Air is necessary for us.名词所有格这个女孩子的自行车the girl's bike中国地图the map of China汽车门the door of the car孩子们的教室students' classroom这个女孩子的自行车thegirl'sbike中国地图the mapof China汽车门the doorof the car孩子们的教室students'classroom's所有格拥有者's+被拥有物1、一般情况加's,如：boy's, mother's2、以s或es结尾的复数名词加',如：twins', students'3、不是以s或es结尾的复数名词加's, 如：children's, geese'sof所有格the+被拥有物+of拥有者's所有格拥有者's+被拥有物of所有格the+被拥有物+of拥有者VS拥有者是人拥有者可以是人或物这个女孩子的自行车thegirl'sbike中国地图the mapof China孩子们的书the booksof children拥有者是人时，'s所有格和of所有格可以相互转换the girl's bike=the bike of the girlchildren's books=the books of childrenLily and Lucy's bedroomTom's and Jack's bedroomsA and B's +单数名词A和B共同的（只有一个东西）A's and B's+复数名词A和B各自的（两个东西）'s所有格可用在表示时间的名词后面three minutes’ walk步行三分钟=three-minute walk's所有格用在人名或者职业后面可以表示处所I will go to my uncle's.我要去我叔叔家。He is in the doctor's.他在诊所。双重所有格of+'s所有格of+名词性物主代词He isa friend of Tom's.他是汤姆的一个朋友。The man isa brother of my father's.这个男人是我爸爸的一个兄弟。He isa friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。Is thisa book of yours 这是你的一本书吗？名词的作用主语Englishis very useful.The childrenare playing games happily.宾语He likesEnglish.Students are playingfootball.表语Tom is my goodfriend.We are allstudents.定语papertigersappletreessportsshoes宾语补足语They chose the boymonitor.I find hera kind teacher.同位语This is Miss Smith,our English teacher.He,an ordinary worker, did a lot of uncommon things.沙场大点兵1. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges2. Every evening Mr. King takes a _________ to his home . A. 25 minutes'walk B. 25 minute's walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk3. Help yourself to __________. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples4.____ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai. A. Mary and Peter's B. Mary and Peter C. Mary's and Peter D. Mary's and Peter's5. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncle's C. her uncles D. aunt's6. A friend ofwill come this evening.A. Denny's B. Denny C. Dennys'D. Dennys7. This is a big room. It's the.A. twin's room B. twins room C. twins'room D. twin rooms8. There are threeand sevenin the picture.A. deers; sheeps B. deers; sheepC. deer; sheep D. deer; sheeps9. The theme park is aboutride from the museum.A. two hour B. two hour'sC. two hours’ D. two hours10. Look at the map. It's.A. a map of American B. a map of AmericaC. an American map D. a map to America