中考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 15 主谓一致与倒装结构

(共32张PPT)
Lesson 15主谓一致与倒装结构主谓一致Thestudentgoesto school by bus.Studentsgoto school by bus.主谓一致谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，叫作主谓一致。语法一致在语法形式上取得一致，如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Much landhas been deserted in this area in the past few years.To start smokingis quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.Reading English newspapersis a good way of improving your English.What you need mostis to have a good sleep.How you can get thereis a problem.由and或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。Swimming and walking are good exercises.He and I were classmates when we were at college.Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.the+n.+and+n.（一个人）the+n.+and+the+n.（两个人）The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting. 经理兼书记The manager and the secretary are busy now. 经理和书记由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。In our countryevery boy and every girlhas the right to receive education.Each man and each womanis asked to help.more than one+名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。More than one student is interested in the book.A+(together) with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than+B，作主语时，谓语动词与A保持一致。An English teacher with some students hasgot on the train.The twins along with their father are having dinner.Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.以上介词短语只是方式状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数不定代词each, either, neither和由 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.“a lot of , lots of, plenty of, the rest of, some（most, all等）of, 分数/百分数 of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。Some of the sugar is wet.Most of the students in our class are leagues.Lots of damage was caused by smoking.Plenty of English books are on the shelf.Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。All are present.Allgoeswell.“a number of+复数名词”表示“许多的、大量的”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；”the number of+复数名词”，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students in our class are out by the lake.The number of students in our school is 2500.如果主语被kind of, pair of修饰，谓语动词的单复数取决于kind和pair的单复数。This kind of apples is rather expensive.Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up.There are three pairs of shoes on the shelf.意义一致谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。表示总称意义的复数名词，如people, police, cattle等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。The cattle are one cause of the problem.The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.class,family,team等集体名词作主语时，主语被看作整体时，谓语用单数，指代个体成员时，谓语用复数。Our class isbiggerthan any other classin the school.Our class arelistening to the teacher carefully.Our family is not poor any more.My family all speakChinese.一些由两部分构成名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses（眼镜）, trousers（裤子）, shoes（鞋子），chopsticks（筷子）, scissors（剪刀）, socks（袜子）, compasses（圆规），但如果这些名词前有a pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Your trousers need washing.My glasses are new.A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.Two pairs of socks are enough for me.当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。Twenty years is a long time to us.One thousand pounds is a lot of money.如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。The old are taken good care of in our country.The beautiful lives forever.表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half oranges has been left on the table.A month and a half has passed.就近一致谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，称为就近一致原则。当There be句型后面有两个或两个以上的名词时，be动词要和最靠近它的那个名词在人称和数上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the table.=There are two books and a pen on the table.当or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also..., not...but....等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper.Not only the mother but also the children were there.倒装结构主语谓语谓语主语主语谓语动词be动词/助动词/情态动词正常语序倒装语序由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调，把全部谓语或者部分谓语置于主语前面的结构形式，称之为倒装句。谓语主语全部倒装主语谓语动词be动词助动词情态动词部分倒装倒装的意义适应一定语法结构的需要，主要构成疑问句。May I come in Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。Never have I been late for school this term.So early did he come to school that no other students came.全部倒装表示地点、方位的副词（here, there, out, in, up, down, off）或介词词组位于句首时, 用完全倒装。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.Away went the runners.There stood a desk against the wall.Among these people was his friend Jim.By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。Here you are.There she goes.部分倒装否定状语never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。Never have I read such a book.Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night. Seldom does he go out for dinner.Hardly does she have time to listen to music.Little does he realize how important this meeting is.only+状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装结构。Only in this way can you do it well.Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.Only then did he realize that he was wrong.表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/ nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。He can sing English songs, and so can I.He didn't see the film, and neither didhis father.She likes music, and so do I.She hasn't read it, and nor hasLucy.“so+主语+谓语”结构表示同意前面所说的内容。"It was cold yesterday." "So it was.""The man worked hard." "Sohedid."在”so…that…”和”such…that…”引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用倒装形式。Such a good girl is she that all of us like him.So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装结构。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes2. ---How many teachers are there in your school ---About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers.A. have B. has C. are D. is3. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. Not only students but also Mr. Smith____tired of having one examination.A. be B. are C. was D. were5. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV.A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is沙场大点兵6. Out _____, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D.he did rush7. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive8. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.A. you can learn B. can you learnC. you learned D. did you learn9. Never before _____ seen such a stupid man.A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I10. —David has made great progress recently. —_______, and _______.A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have D. So has he; so you have