中考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 10 被动语态

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Lesson 10被动语态孩子吃苹果苹果被吃了打碎玻璃玻璃被打碎了主动语态被动语态语态（语态主要说明主语和谓语之间的主动或者被动关系）主动语态被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成be+done（及物动词的过去分词）The bridge was built last year (by the workers).The bridge was not built last year (by the workers).Was the bridge built last year(by the workers) When was the bridge built(by the workers) “by+执行者”常省略被动语态的使用场合不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Some new computers were stolen last night.The biggest appleiseatenbyhis brother.be done被动语态的各种形式am/is/are+done一般现在时的被动语态People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.be donewas/were+done一般过去时的被动语态They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.be doneam/is/are+being+done现在进行时的被动语态We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.v-ingbebeing现在进行时：am/is/are++被动语态：done现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are++donebe donewas/were+being+done过去进行时的被动语态At this time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted hereatthis time last year.v-ingbebeing过去进行时：was/were++被动语态：done过去进行时的被动语态：was/were++donebe donehave/has+been+done现在完成时的被动语态Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.donebebeen现在完成时：have/has++被动语态：done现在完成时的被动语态：have/has++donebe donehad+been+done过去完成时的被动语态People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader.donebebeen过去完成时：had++被动语态：done过去完成时的被动语态：had++donebe donewill+be+done一般将来时的被动语态They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.dobebe一般将来时：will++被动语态：done一般将来时的被动语态：will++donebe donewould+be+done过去将来时的被动语态They would complete the project by the end of the year.The project would be completed by the end of the year.dobebe过去将来时：would++被动语态：done过去将来时的被动语态：would++donebe done情态动词+be+done含情态动词的被动语态You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.dobebe情态动词++被动语态：done含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词++done主动语态变被动语态基本方法The workersbuiltthe bridge.主动句：被动句：The bridge第一步：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。第二步：把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词).第三步：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语。was builtby the workers.含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句givesb.sth.givesb.sth.tobuysb.sth.buysb.sth.for变间接宾语My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.—I was given a present on my birthday.She bought her father a tie.—Her father was bought a tie.变直接宾语My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.—A present was given to me on my birthday.She bought her father a tie.—A tie was bought for her father.常在间接宾语前用介词 to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, show, take 等；间接宾语前用介词for的动词有：build, buy, cook, cut, make, paint, play, sing 等。含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句We should take good care of the old people.—The old people should be taken good careof.Teachers paid attention to the problem.—The problem was paid attentionto.由“动词+ 介词或副词”构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，变成被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句We always keep the classroom clean.—The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.—We were told to follow her instructions.含有宾语补足语的主动句改为被动句时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。make/see/hear/notice/watchsb.do sth.sb.be made/seen/heard/noticed/watchedto do sth.The teacher made himlistencarefully in class.—He was madeto listencarefully in class.We often hear himplaythe guitar.—He is often heardto playthe guitar.see/hear/notice/watchsb.doing sth.sb.be seen/heard/noticed/watcheddoing sth.I saw the boyfishingby the tiver.—The boy was seenfishingby the river.We heard the couplequarrelingin the room.The couple were heardquarrelingin the room.主动语态表示被动含义系动词look,taste,smell, sound,feelThe material feels soft.The food tastes delicious.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be doneThe broken car needs repairing.sell,write,read,wash, +well/badly/easilyThe cloth washes easily.The new product sells well.被动语态的常用句型据说…… It is said that…据报导…… It is reported that…据推测…… It is supposed that…希望…… It is hoped that…众所周知…… It is well known that…普遍认为…… It is generally considered that…It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.沙场大点兵1. Alicesome advice on how to improve her listening skills, and she gladly acceptedMiss Green's.A. gaveB. was givenC. givesD. is given2.It's reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _______ at the end of next month. A.has been completed B.completesC.was completed D.will be completed 3.---Have you heard about that car accident near the school ---Yes,luckily no one________.A.hurt B.was hurt C.has hurtD.were hurt4.In the past few years, thousands of filmsall over the world.A. have producedB. have been producedC. are producingD. are being produced5. Last year, five Chinese teachersto a school in the UK to teach the British students in Chinese style for four weeks.A. was sent B. were sent C. have sent D. sent