高考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 3 被动语态

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被动语态孩子吃苹果苹果被吃了他打碎玻璃玻璃被打碎了主动语态被动语态语态（语态主要说明主语和谓语之间的主动或者被动关系）主动语态被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成be/get+done（及物动词的过去分词）The bridge was built last year (by the workers).The bridge was not built last year (by the workers).Was the bridge built last year(by the workers) When was the bridge built(by the workers) She gets caught in the storm.He got hurt in the head.“by+执行者”常省略被动语态使用场合不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Some new computers were stolen last night.The biggest appleiseatenbyhis brother.处于礼貌、婉转等避免说出动作执行者。You'll be contacted.Visitors are required not to pick flowers.避免更换主语，以求行文流畅。The professor came in and was warmly welcomed.（连贯）The professor came in and we welcomed him warmly.（不连贯）be done被动语态的各种形式am/is/are+done一般现在时的被动语态People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.be donewas/were+done一般过去时的被动语态They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.be doneam/is/are+being+done现在进行时的被动语态We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.v-ingbebeing现在进行时：am/is/are++被动语态：done现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are++donebe donewas/were+being+done过去进行时的被动语态At this time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted hereatthis time last year.v-ingbebeing过去进行时：was/were++被动语态：done过去进行时的被动语态：was/were++donebe donehave/has+been+done现在完成时的被动语态Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.donebebeen现在完成时：have/has++被动语态：done现在完成时的被动语态：have/has++donebe donehad+been+done过去完成时的被动语态He thought that his parents had prepared the dinner.He thought that the dinner had been prepared.donebebeen过去完成时：had++被动语态：done过去完成时的被动语态：had++donebe donewill+be+done一般将来时的被动语态They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.dobebe一般将来时：will++被动语态：done一般将来时的被动语态：will++donebe donewould+be+done过去将来时的被动语态It was said that they would complete the project by the end of the year.It was said thatthe project would be completed by the end of the year.dobebe过去将来时：would++被动语态：done过去将来时的被动语态：would++donebe donewill have+been+done将来完成时的被动语态The supper will have been cooked before you go back.The film will have been played ten times by next spring.donebebeen将来完成时：will have++被动语态：done将来完成时的被动语态：will have++donebe donewould have+been+done过去将来完成时的被动语态If the workers had started earlier, the work would have been completed earlier.donebebeen过去将来完成时：would have++被动语态：done过去将来完成时的被动语态：would have++donebe done情态动词+be+done含有情态动词的被动语态You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.dobebe情态动词++被动语态：done含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词++done不能使用被动语态的情况不及物动词和表示状态的及物动词都不能用于被动语态。In recent years, great changes have taken place in China.（正）In recent years, great changes have been taken place in China.（误）The coatbelongs to me.The lecture hall can hold 500 people.宾语是反身代词时不能改成被动句。She blamed herself.（正）Herself was blamed.（误）I absented myself from the meeting.（正）Myself was absented from the meeting.（误）当宾语是动词不定式或动名词时，不能构成被动句。I like to have a trip tomorrow.（正）To have a trip is liked by me tomorrow.（误）He enjoys talking with others.（正）Talking with others is enjoyed by him.（误）主动语态变为被动语态“主语+谓语+宾语”句型变为被动语态“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”句型变为被动语态Father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike.A new bike was boughtforme.The man gives me a lot of useful advice.I am given a lot of useful advice.A lot of useful advice is giventome.常在间接宾语前用介词 to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, show, take 等；间接宾语前用介词for的动词有：build, buy, cook, cut, make, paint, play, sing 等。“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型变为被动语态We elect hermonitor of our class.She is electedmonitor of our class.Workers painted the housewhite.The house was paintedwhite.My mother makes megoto school alone today.I am madeto goto school alone today.I saw the thiefescapefrom the room.The thief was seento escapefrom the room.We watched the boyplayingby the river.The boy was watchedplayingby the river.make/see/hear/notice/watchsb.do sth.sb.be made/seen/heard/noticed/watchedto do sth.The teacher made himlistencarefully in class.—He was madeto listencarefully in class.We often hear himplaythe guitar.—He is often heardto playthe guitar.see/hear/notice/watchsb.doing sth.sb.be seen/heard/noticed/watcheddoing sth.I saw the boyfishingby the tiver.—The boy was seenfishingby the river.We heard the couplequarrelingin the room.The couple were heardquarrelingin the room.主动语态表示被动含义感官类系动词用主动语态表示被动含义。The song sounds very beautiful.Flowers smell sweet.The man looks strong.某些和can't、won't等连用的及物动词，如open、close、lock、shut、move等。The door won't open.The table can't move.与副词well、easily连用的动词：read、write、wash、clean、burn、sell、open、cut、lock等，表示主语的特点和属性。The pen writes smoothly.The coat washes well.The novel sells well.The room doesn't clean easily.want、require、need、deserve、stand、bear和worth等后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.The book is worth reading.被动语态系表结构VS被动语态表示动作；系表结构表示特点、状态或性质。The book is written by a famous expert.（被动语态）The book is well written.（系表结构）The problem is settled quickly.（被动语态）The problem is settled.（系表结构）过去分词前有very、too、so等程度副词修饰，该结构为系表结构。She is very pleased.He was so frightened.She isquitesurprised at the good news.过去分词前有much、very much、too much、so much修饰时，该结构为被动语态。He was muchangered.He was beaten so much that he couldn't stand up.系表结构可同形容词并列使用，而被动语态结构则不可以。They were married in April.（被动语态）They were married and happy.（系表结构）不及物动词的过去分词与be动词连用为系表结构，表示动作的完成。The man has been retired.Time is gone.被动语态的常用句型据说…… It is said that…(People say that...)据报导…… It is reported that…(People report that...)据推测…… It is supposed that…(People suppose that...)希望…… It is hoped that…(People hope that...)众所周知…… It is well known that…(People know that...)普遍认为…… It is generally considered that…(People consider that...)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.沙场大点兵1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now.　　A. developed　B. have developed　　C. are being developed D. will have been developed2. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.　--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I've been told B. I've told 　 C. I'm told D. I told3. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed 　 D. would be designed4. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up5. This page needed ___ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked