高考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 5 名词性从句

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名词性从句什么是名词性从句？充当名词所能充当的句子成分的从句称之为名词性从句。名词主语谓语宾语定语状语同位语表语补语名词性从句表语从句同位语从句宾语从句主语从句引导词的用法that连词that无实义、用来陈述一个事实，只起到连接主从句的作用、不充当任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时，可以省略。That he is respected by everyone is natural.The fact is that the train has left.I don't think (that) he will arrive on time.whether/ifwhether和if表示“是否”，表示一个不确定的、悬而未决的事情，不能省略，只起到连接主从句的作用，不充当任何句子成分。whether可以引导所有的名词性从句；if只能引导宾语从句或不放在句首的主语从句。I want to know whether (if) he will help us.Whether it rains tomorrow doesn't matter.(=It doesn't matter if it rains tomorrow.)The question is whether we can finish it on time.The problem whether we have enough money to carry out the project upsets us.连接代词: who,whom,what,which,whose,how many/much,whatever,whichever,whoever连接代词在从句中一般起到双重作用:连接主从句并在从句中担当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语等句子成分。Whowill be elected as president of this state hasn't been decided.Whoseduty it is today is none of your business.That iswhatI learnt from the magazine.Whateveryou do will have an effect.Whoeverattends the concert will enjoy a free ticket.whatwhat有时保留它原有的疑问意义，表示“什么”；有时相当于all that或the thing that；what本身已包括先行词，所以前面无需再用先行词。I don't know what she is doing.（疑问代词）I understood what he said.（连接代词）All what he said was reasonable.（错）What he said was reasonable.（正）All that he said was reasonable.（正）That is a car what I can't afford. （错）That is a car that (which) I can't afford.（正）what引导名词性从句时还可以作定语表示“所有的、任何的或仅有的”等含义。Doctors promised to give the sick boy what help they could. (=any help that)In the desert the man sacrificed to give what little water to others.(=all the water that)wh+everwhatever相当于anything that，whoever相当于anyone who。本身已包括先行词，所以前面无需再用先行词。Whatever that you do will have an effect.（错）Whatever you do will have an effect.（正）Whoever that attends the concert will enjoy a free ticket（错）Whoever attends the concert will enjoy a free ticket（正）People whoever have aims will have endless power. （错）People who have aims will have endless power. (正)连接副词: when, where, why, how这些连接副词同样起双重作用：连接主从句，并在从句中作状语，从句用陈述语序。When we can complete the project is unknown.The government hasn't decided where the college will be built.That's how he spent his four-year college life.I want to know why she refuses my invitation.主语从句it作形式主语替代主语从句。That the boy helps others is a good thing.=It is a good thing that the boy helps others.When they will start out is being discussed.=It is being discussed when they will start out.Whether the plan is good or not should be tested.=It should be tested whether the plan is good or not.用it作形式主语的常见主语从句结构。①It+be动词+名词+主语从句It is a pity that……遗憾的是It is a shame that……可耻的是It is a good thing that……是件好事It is a mystery that……是个谜It is a fact that……事实是②It+be动词+形容词+主语从句It is important that……是重要的It is impossible that……是不可能的It is strange that……很奇怪It is clear that……是显然的③It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句It is reported that……据报道It is believed that……相信It is not decided that……尚未决定It is announced that……据宣布④It+不及物动词+主语从句It happens that……碰巧It follows that……接下来It seems/appears that……似乎It turns out that…… 结果宾语从句that引导宾语从句时，主要用以陈述一个事实，常常可以省略。He said that he didn't like her.The girl believes she will become a good singer in the future.I don't expect he will make the same mistake again.My father suggested my family go hiking together.引导宾语从句时，that不可以省略的情况当that宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，that不可省略。That he never did such a thing I simply can't believe.当that宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语之后时，that不可省略。The teacher advised us that we should pay attention tospelling.动词后接两个或更多宾语从句，从第二个宾语从句开始that不可省略。Everyone could see what was happening and that Tom was really shocked.动词+it+that结构中，宾语从句引导词that不可省略。He had it that he had the freedom to get along with anybody.We should see to it that the door is locked.宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，that不可省略。He always thinks thatifone spares no pains to do something, he will succeed in the end.The hero held thateven thoughyou killed me, I wouldn't give in.当宾语从句与谓语动词之间有时间或地点状语时，that不能省略，否则会产生歧义。She saidin the kitchenthat she had finished her homework.She saidin the kitchenshe had finished her homework.谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，that不可省略。He said, believe it or not, that it was a fact.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.作少数几个介词in,but,except的宾语从句时，that不可省略。He is a little different from others in that he comes abroad.引导宾语从句时，whether和if的区别whether可以作介词的宾语而if不可以。We are discussing the problem of whether we should borrow some money from the bank.whether可以接不定式而if不可以。I don’t know whether to continue my schooling or to join the army.whether可以用于“whether...or (not)”结构中，if则不可以。I am not sure whether he will help us or not.表语从句可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,seem等。The fact is that he is burst to death.It seems that it‘s going to rain.The question is whether he is willing to come.That is how he succeeds.This is why he is scolded.It/That/This is because...这/那是因为...It/That/This is why...这/那是为什么...VS表示原因表示结果Jim got up late. That was becausethe clock went wrong.The clock went wrong. That was why Jim got up late.同位语从句同位语从句用于对名词进一步解释说明，阐述名词的具体内容。常见的后接同位语从句的名词有：news,conclusion,possibility,story,word,mystery,idea,doubt, hope, question,belief,fact,message,evidence,information,thought,statement,report,opinion等。The factthat Beijing is the capital of Chinais known to all of us.Have you heard the newsthat he will marry soon The hopethat he can come to lifeis very faint.It’s a questionwhere we meet her.Word camethat the old man had died.He received a message from his bossthat he had been dismissed.定语从句同位语从句VS①定语从句的关系词that不仅连接主从复合句还代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的that只起到连接主句和从句的作用，不充当任何句法成分。②定语从句是形容词性的，其功能相当于形容词，用以修饰名词或代词；同位语从句是名词性的，用以对名词进行解释说明。③同位语从句前的名词多是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea、belief、conclusion等；而定语从句的先行词可以是表示抽象概念或具体含义的词。It is a fact that he has failed in the exam.（同位语从句）It is a fact that you must face（定语从句）The news that his mother becomes sick upsets him a lot.（同位语从句）What's the news that upsets him a lot （定语从句）名词性从句四部曲分析主句缺少的句子成分，进而确定考查四种名词性从句中哪一种名词性从句。分析名词性从句所缺句子成分：（1）缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语；（2）缺少状语，表示疑问；（3）不缺少句子成分，名词性从句句子成分完整。缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语，选用连接代词；缺少状语，表示疑问；选用连接副词；不缺少句子成分，名词性从句句子成分完整，选用that或者whether/if。结合每个引导词的意义和用法区别，确定使用某个具体的引导词。1. The notice came around two in the afternoon____the meeting would be postponed. A. whenB. that C. whetherD. how2. —What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.A.how B. what C. that D. who3._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How4.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why B.what C.as D.that