高考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 6 状语从句

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状语从句状语从句分类结果状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句时间状语从句when/while/aswhen意为“当……时候”，从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或是先于主句动作。既可指一段时间也可指时间点，可接延续性动词或者短暂性动词。while表示一个时间段，只能与延续性动词连用。as“一边……一边……”，强调两个动作同时发生，也可以表示“随着”。While he was studying, his brother was sleeping.When he arrives, I will inform him of it.The girls sang happily as they walked around the lake.As time goes on, he is getting fatter and fatter.before和afterbefore意为“在……之前”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。after意为“在……之后”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。He had done good preparations before he went to college.After he had tried many times and failed in the end, he gave up.until和till表示“直到……、到……为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻为止。二者用法相近，但在句首时只能用until。在肯定句中主句要用延续性动词，表示“直到……”；在否定句中，可和非延续性动词连用，not...until...表示“直到……才”。He waited at home until/till it stopped raining.Until all the lights in the street had been off, the boy went home.He appeared until I waited for a long time.（错）He didn't appear until I waited for a long time.（正）not……until可用于强调句或者倒装结构中。The boy didn't realize his fault until he was punished.=It was not until he was punished that the boy realized his fault.=Not until he was punished did the boy realize his fault.sincesince表示“自从……”，所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句多用延续性动词和完成时态。He has worked at this college since he graduated.since引导的从句若用延续性动词或状态动词的过去时，则表示该动作或状态的完成或结束。It has been five years since he worked here.他不在这工作已经五年了。Since he was at school, he has worked in that city.自从他下学，他就在这个城市工作。hardly/scarcely……when和no sooner……than表示“一……就……”，强调主句和从句的动作相继发生。有两个特点：1、主句用过去完成时（had done的形式），从句用一般过去时；2、否定副词hardly、scarcely和no sooner位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，助动词had提到主语前面。Hardly had they fallen in love with each other when they got married.=They had hardly fallen in love with each other when they got married.No sooner had I arrived home than it rained heavily.as soon as、directly/instantly/immediately和the moment/minute/second/instant表示“一……就……”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作立刻发生。He went to the office immediately he received the notice.As soon as I arrive, I will make a telephone call to you.The moment (minute/second/instant)he saw her,he fell in love with her deeply.表示时间的名词The day he left home to join the army, his mother cried sadly.Every time I meet her, she will smile to me.He got married the summer he graduated from college.The family were excited the morning the baby was born.every time,any time,next time,the first time,the last time,the day/month/week/year/morning/afternoon等也可作为连词引导时间状语从句。地点状语从句地点状语从句由where引导。After the war, a new hospital was built where the old one was.Put the book back where it is.He lives in the town where he was born.He lives where he was born.He lives in which he was born.He lives in the town in which he was born.原因状语从句because,since,as和forbecause语气最强，用来回答why引导的疑问句，强调句中只能用because。—Why do you disagree to the proposal —Because it is unpractical.It was because he received high education that he had more opportunities than others.It must have rained last night, forthe ground is wet.since相当于as语气较弱，是对主句的附带说明，表示不言自明的原因或是已知的事实。As I get lost, I don‘t know how to go back.for语气最弱，并不是主句行为的直接原因，只起到一种补充说明的作用。只能放在主句后面，且用逗号同主句隔开。because和so不能同时在一个句子中出现,两者只能出现其一。Because he spends little time learning English, he fails in the exam.=He spends little time learning English, so he fails in the exam.now that和in that意为“既然、由于”，now that位于句首或句中，in that位于句中。Now that you have done good preparations, you needn't feel worried.All of us like him in that he is very humorous.条件状语从句if表示正面条件意为“如果”，unless表示反面条件意为“除非、如果不”相当于if not，一般情况下可以互换。If it is sunny tomorrow, we'll go hiking.You will be late unless you hurry.=If you don'thurry, you will be late.if和unlessas long asas long as引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。I will go there as long as he invites me.“祈使句 + and/or+ 陈述句（一般将来时）”结构相当于一个条件状语从句。Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.provided/providing(that)suppose/supposing(that)和given(that)Supposing/suppose it rains, what should we do Providing/provided (that) you can keep the secret to yourself, I can tell you about it.Given(that) an earthquake took place, what would happen to the village on condition that和in caseon condition that 意为“条件是”；in case意为“倘若、万一”。In case I can't arrive on time, you can go first without me.I will open a school for the children in rural places on condition that I have enough money.only if和if onlyonly if表示“只要”，only起到强调的作用，引导的从句用陈述语气；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……、如果……就好了”。Only if you respect others, you'll be respected.If only I were a millionaire.If only I had followed his advice.onceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示条件。Once you speak out, you can't swallow your words.让步状语从句although,though,even though和even if表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，even though和even if语气较强而although和though相对较弱，although较正式而though较通俗。Although our parents often criticize and even beat us, we still love them.Even though (if) he is rich, yet he isn't happy.though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现but，但可以用yet，still等。Though it rained hard outside, (yet/still) he insisted on going out.=It rained hard outside, but he insisted on going out.whilewhile也可以引导让步状语从句，以通过对比突出主句和从句的差异，表示“虽然、即使”。He has been promoted as professor, while he is only thirty.Many people don't like to live here, while the environment is good.wh+ever/no matter+whwh+ever既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；no matter+wh只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever you say, I won't believe you. (=no matter what)Whenever she gets angry, he will cheer her up. (=no matter when)Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.However careful we are, we will err. (no matter how)as/though引导的让步状语从句中的倒装名词+though/as+主语+be动词Manager though/as he is, he is very modest.形容词+ though/as+主语+谓语Strong though/asyou are, you can't lift it.副词+though/as+主语+谓语Hard as/thoughhe works, he was unable to make great progress.原形动词+ though/as+主语+助动或情态动词Fail many times as/thoughhe did, he never lost heart.过去分词+ though/as+主语+be动词Praised as he was, he remained modest.名词前不用冠词结果状语从句so……that和such……thatsucha/anadj可数名词单数adj可数名词复数adj不可数名词that从句Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like her.These were such difficult questions that none of us could answerthem.We had such terrible weather that we couldn't finish the work on time.so形容词/副词adj可数名词单数many/few可数名词复数that从句Kathy is so lovely that we all like to be with her.Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to be with her.He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.There's so little time left that we have to speed up.a/anmuch/little不可数名词比较She is such a kind girl as others like very much.She is such a kind girl that others like her very much.定语从句结果状语从句so that和such thatso that引导的结果状语常用逗号同主句隔开；such that也可引导结果状语从句，such常作表语。He got up late, so that he didn't catch the first bus.The weather was such that I wouldn't go out.目的状语从句so that和in order that目的状语从句表示“为了、以便”，常同表示“能够”的情态动词连用。如：can,could,may和might。Speak loudly so that you can be heard clearly.In order that others will notice her, she wearsa bright coat.The teacher explained the answer again and again in order that we could understand it fully.lest,in case和for fear that表示“以防、以免”引导目的状语从句。Take an umbrella, lest it should rain.Take an umbrella in case it rains.She got up early for fear that he would be late for work.结果状语从句目的状语从句VS①目的状语从句中的动词前要用can、could、may、 might、shall、should、will和would等情态动词，表示主观愿望；而结果状语从句则不用，表示的是客观事实。②引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号，而引导目的状语从句的so that前一般不用逗号。③结果状语从句都放在主句后，而目的状语从句可放在主句前或后。So that we could finish the task on time, we worked day and night.(目的状语从句)He was ready to help others, so that he was respected by everyone.(结果状语从句)He arrived at the railway station early, so that he caught the train.(结果状语从句)He arrived at the railway station early so that hecouldcatchthe train.(目的状语从句)比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有than和as……as。He is taller than his brother (is).He knew Tom better than you (knew him).Jim studied harder than Johnson (did).He spoke as rudely as he quarreled.I can't play basketball as/so well as he.方式状语从句as和just as表示“尤如……、像……”，just as比as强调性更强，as前也可用exactly加以强调。The students did the experiment as the teacher instructed them.Exactly as the head belongs to a person, Taiwan is part of China.as if和as though表示“好像”引，从句可用陈述语气表示符合或有可能符合事实的情况；也可用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。另外，as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。It looks as if (as though) it is going to rain.The kind lady treatsme as if I were her son.He looked around as if (he was) to look for something.She stood anxiously as if (she was) waiting for somebody.He didn't speak to anybody today as if (he was) sad.The little boy cried sadly as if (he was) bullied by others.The man looked as if (he was) in search for his book.1. One’s life has value____one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that2.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever3. Lessons can be learned to face the future, ______history cannot be changed.A. though B. as C. since D. unless4.It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.A. if B. unless C. once D. when5.____some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While