高考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 9 虚拟语气

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虚拟语气语气(语气表示说话人的意图或态度。)陈述语气虚拟语气祈使语气表示所说的话是事实。表示请求、命令、警告、禁止等。表示说话人一种主观的想象、推测、愿望和建议等。Water flows to the lower place.China lies in the east of Asia.Don’t make noise.Take it easy.I wish that I lived on the moon.If I were a millionaire, I would buy anything I want.虚拟语气的结构形式时态退后型用过去时态(should)+doif条件虚拟语气Whatwouldyoudoif yousawthe accident The soupwould have beenbetter if ithad hadmore oil and less salt.If hewere tofinish his homework, hewould goout to play.If itshould snowagain, wewould runinto trouble.错综时间条件虚拟语气当虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间运用适当的虚拟语气形式。If I were you, I would have comeyesterday.If I had listened carefully that day, I would solve it smoothlynow.If he had started out early this morning, he would arrivewithin one hour.If he should become an expert, he might have made a lot of great effortsin the past.if条件状语从句中的省略如果条件从句中含有were/had/should时，可以省略if，把were/had/should提到句首，用倒装结构。Were it possible, I would continue.Had you stopped me, I wouldn't have made such a big mistake.Should I go to the moon one day, I would live there for a long time.含蓄条件虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时并不表示出来，却暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。这种条件可暗含在词或短语中，常见有without,or,otherwise,but,with,but for,but that等。But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.(=If you hadn't helpedus, we wouldn't have succeeded.)She was ill, otherwise she could have been present at the meeting.(=If she hadn't been ill, she could have been present at the meeting.)But that it rained heavily, we could have arrived home.(=But for the heavy rain/If it hadn't rainedheavily, we couldhave arrived home.)would/could/might/should+动词原形+ but+现在时陈述句→表示同现在事实相反的假设We would arrive earlier but the car breaks down.(If the car didn't break down, we would arrive earlier.)would/could/might/shouldhave +过去分词+ but+过去时陈述句→表示同过去事实相反的假设We would have arrived earlier but the car broke down.(If the car hadn't broken down, we would have arrived earlier.)现在时陈述句+otherwise/or+would/could/might/should+动词原形→表示同现在事实相反的假设The car breaks down otherwise we would arrive earlier.(If the car didn't break down, we would arrive earlier.)过去时陈述句+otherwise/or+would/could/might/shouldhave +过去分词→表示同过去事实相反的假设The car broke down otherwise we would have arrived earlier.(If the car hadn't broken down, we would have arrived earlier.)If it were not for...“如果不是因为…”，表示同现在事实相反的假设；If it had not been for...“如果当时不是因为…”，表示与过去事实相反的假设。If it were not for you, I should (would) be locked in the room.If it had not been for the doctor's timely arrival, the injured driver would have died.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气1、与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式。2、与过去事实相反，用had +过去分词或would/could/might+have +done。3、表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，用would(should/might/could)+动词原形。She wishes that she were ten years younger.I wish that I had a car.He wishes that theaccident hadn't happened.I wish that I had passed the driving test.I wish you would stay a little longer.would rather/would sooner后的宾语从句用虚拟语气用一般过去时，表示一个现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时，表示一个过去的愿望。I would rather he went home now.He'd rather he hadn't said that.“建议、要求、决定、命令、坚持、恳求”等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气常见的这类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,recommend,insist,demand,require,request,desire,prefer等，谓语动词用should +动词原形的形式，should通常省略。He suggested that they (should) have a rest.The officer ordered that army (should) advance 100 miles.I insist that you (should) give my money back.The doctor desires that the patient (should) stay in hospital for another month.He prefers that his wife (should) not go to work.当suggest不表示“建议”而作“表明、暗示”解时，其后的宾语从句要用陈述句语气，不用虚拟语气。同样，当insist不表示“坚决要求”而作“坚决认为、坚持说”解时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。Her pale face suggested that she was ill.（暗示，表明）He insisted that doing sports was good for health.（坚持认为，坚持说）“建议、要求、决定、命令、坚持、恳求”等动词后的主语/表语/同位语从句用虚拟语气常见的这类词有：advice,suggestion,proposal,order,decision,preference,desire,motion,demand,requirement,request,resolution,recommendation等。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.He gave us the order that we (should) withdraw at once.It is my plan that we (should) have a party to celebrate our victory.It is desired the rule (should) be cancelled.在important等形容词及a pity等名词后的从句中常见的这类形容词有important,necessary,essential,advisable,urgent,desirable,insistent,proper,pitiful,imperative等，名词有a pity,a shame等，构成“It is +形容词/名词+ that”句型，其后的句子要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。It is important that we (should) take actions at once.It is desirable that he (should) win the first prize.It is strange that he (should) tell the twins apart.It is a pity that he (should) miss such a precious chance.It is a shame that the best student (should) fail in the exam.if only+虚拟语气if only表示“但愿…，如果…就好了”后用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式或过去完成时。If only I were less nervous.If only I got up earlier.If only I had known the secret.It is time that+虚拟语气It is(high/about)time that…从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况表示“早该干某事了”。这种结构中可用should +动词原形，但should不能省略。It's time that we had dinner.It's time that we left.It's time that we should go to school.It's high time that she should get married.as if/though+虚拟语气as if和as though引导的方式状语从句有时要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大时，用would/might/could/+动词原形。She loves us as if we were her children.He looks as though he were fresh out of prison.They talked as if they had known each other for many years.It seems as if it would rain.lest/for fear that+虚拟语气lest和for fear that引导目的状语从句时，用虚拟语气。He got up early lest(for fear that)he should miss the first train.1. What he said in the meeting suggested that he______to the proposal. A. disagreeB. should disagreeC. have disagreedD. disagreed2. I should not have laughed if I ____you were serious.A. thought B. would thinkC. had thought D. have thought3.It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known4. If it__for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not been B. should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been