高考英语语法一点通课件——Lesson 11 独立主格结构

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独立主格结构Losing the toy, the boy cried sadly.分词作状语The toy lost, the boy cried sadly.独立主格结构“独立主格结构”实质上是带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。“独立结构”是一种独立分句，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等。独立主格结构一般位于句首，有时也居句尾表示伴随状况时。独立主格结构按其结构形式，分为不定式独立结构、现在分词独立结构、过去分词独立结构和无动词独立结构（即带有自己逻辑主语的形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等形式的独立结构，只不过是省略了being），独立主格结构通常在句中起状语分句的作用。逻辑主语+现在分词逻辑主语和现在分词之间构成主动关系。Weather permitting, we'll go hiking.(=If weather permits)Workers using the machine, the instructions must be read carefully.(=When workers use the machine)Nobody answering his question, the teacher said it by himself.(=Since nobody answered his questions, the teacher said it by himself.)She cooked the dinner, her husband cleaning the floor.(=and her husband cleaned the floor)逻辑主语+过去分词逻辑主语和过去分词之间构成被动关系。The table set, they began to have a dinner.(=When the table was set, they began to have a dinner.)Another chance given, I will succeed.(=If another chance is given, I will succeed.)He came back finally, his face covered with mud.(=and his face was covered with mud.)逻辑主语+不定式逻辑主语和动词不定式之间构成主动关系。These three brothers took part in their own activities, Tom to go boating, John to go fishing and Jim to go swimming.逻辑主语+分词完成时这种结构表示先完成的主动意义或先完成的被动意义。So great efforts having been made, he didn't make any progress.(=Though so great efforts had been made, he didn't make any progress.)The man having taken his secretary's suggestion, the company wouldn't have gone out of business.(=If the man had taken his secretary's suggestion, the company wouldn't have gone out of business.)逻辑主语+名词Many goods are exported, many of them electronic products.(=and many of them are electric products.)He beat the tiger to death, a stick his only weapon.(=and a stick is his only weapon.)这种结构表示伴随状况。逻辑主语+形容词这种结构表示伴随状况。He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(=with his nose red with cold.)She did the experiment, the door closed.(=with the door closed.)逻辑主语+副词He fell asleep, the radio on.(=with the radio on.)The meeting over, all of us left.(=When the meeting was over.)逻辑主语+介词短语在后跟介词短语独立主格结构中，作为逻辑主语的名词一般不和冠词连用，表示一种伴随状况。He went off, gun in hand.(=with a gun in hand.)The lady sat down, baby in her arms.(=with a baby in her arms.)with/without+逻辑主语+非谓语动词/无动词You mustn't sit, with your feetpointing atother people.He lay on his back, with his handscrossedunder his head.With the problemsettled, they went back to work.He entered the room, with his noseredwith cold.She did the experiment, with the doorclosed.He fell asleep, with the radioon.He went off, witha gun in hand.The lady sat down, witha baby in her arms.with+逻辑主语+to do/to be done将要被……with+逻辑主语+done已经被……VSWith a lot of homework to do/to be done, he got nervous.With a lot of homework done, he felt relaxed.There being+其它成分There being no bus, he took a taxi.(=Because there were no buses)There being nothing to do, she had a walk in the park to kill time. (=Because there was nothing to do)The salesman closed the shop, there being no customers. (=Because there were no customers)We must avoid there being any trouble in this matter.（作宾语）It being+其它成分It being late, we have to go home now.(=Because it was late.)It being ten kilometres from here to the museum, we should take a taxi.(=Because it is ten kilometres from here to the museum.)这种结构表示原因，常放在句首，being不可以省略。独立主格结构中的省略独立主格中，可省去being或having been的结构My mother expressed her sadness to me, his eyes (being) full of tears.Class (being) over, students rushed out quickly.Over one thousand people took part in the activity, most of them (being) students.Our teacher came in, book (being) in her hand.The test (having been) passed, she relaxed a lot.1. _____, the train started. A. The signal givenB. Giving the signal C. The signal being givenD. The signal giving2. ___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditions B. Conditions betterC. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions3. The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in hand B. a sword in his handC. being a sword in hand D. sword in hand4. _________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It being B. As it is C. Being D. A and B5. With the machine___all the time, we finished harvestingcrops in time.A. to work B. worked C. working D. being worked