题型二 阅读理解【2022中考英语三轮复习 题型复习】课件(共162张PPT)

(共162张PPT)
人教版2022中考英语三轮复习
中考题型复习
题型二 阅读理解
命题趋势
解题技巧
典例精讲
跟踪训练
1.命题原则
（1）考查考生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、短语、句型等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及运用说明主旨大意的句子和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。
（2）要求考生既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念；既能理解文章的表层意思，也能理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。
（3）要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（4）要求考生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。
2.试题特点
阅读理解题要求考生根据材料的内容从四个（或三个）选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。
（3）体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告以及各类图表等。
预计2022年中考会加大对考生阅读理解能力的考查。阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会更多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题。在设题方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。
3.阅读材料的选取特点
（1）阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是30~40分，是中考试题中的重头戏。
（2）题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。
1.阅读全文，捕捉信息
阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。
2.注意首句，抓住中心
俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读一般是不给文章题目的，这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度。在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。
3.优选排除，确定答案
阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了。在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。
4.复读全文，检查答案
考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。
People depend on plants. We use plants for food， cloth， shelter （住处）， and even the air we breathe （呼吸）.
Plants keep our air and water clean. Green plants give us oxygen （氧气）. Oxygen is part of the air we breathe.
Plants are also part of the water cycle （水循环）. Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air.
Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth. Fruits， vegetables， and grains （谷物）come from plants. Without plants， we would not have bread， rice， carrots， apples， oranges，or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home. Having your own garden helps the earth as well.
When you grow your own fruits and vegetables， you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food. You can just pick it out of the ground or off a plant and put it into a basket!
Trees are an important plant resource （资源）. Trees provide wood to build homes and furniture. Trees are used to make lots of things around your home and at your school. And trees provide fruits that are good for you. Without trees， the earth would be a very different place.
D
1._____is part of the air we breathe.
A. Sunlight B. Water C. Food D. Oxygen
[解析] 【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了植物的用途。
细节理解题。根据第二段中Oxygen is part of the air we breathe.可知氧气是我们呼吸的空气的一部分。故选D。
2.What happens to most of the water that a plant takes in？( )
A. It goes back into the air. B. It stays in the plant.
C. It goes into the ground. D. It stays in the river.
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air.可知植物吸收的大部分水会流回空气中。故选A。
3.What does the phrase “cut down on” mean in Paragraph 5？( )
A. Cause. B. Accept. C. Reduce. D. Expect.
C
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第五段中 When you grow your own fruits and vegetables， you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops.可知当你自己种植水果和蔬菜时，你可以帮助__污染，因为大卡车不需要把你的食物送到商店。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知此处cut down on 意为“减少”。故选C。
4.What is the best title of the passage？( )
A. A Different Place B. The Uses of Plants
C. Food on the Earth D. Gardens at Home
B
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中 People depend on plants. We use plants for food， cloth， shelter （住处）， and even the air we breathe （呼吸）。可知人们依赖植物，我们用植物做食物、衣服、住所，甚至呼吸空气。因此本文主要讲述了植物的用途。故选B。
5.You would find the passage in _____.
A. an interesting novel B. a book about animals
C. a popular play D. a book about nature
D
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中 People depend on plants. We use plants for food， cloth， shelter （住处）， and even the air we breathe （呼吸）。可知人们依赖植物，我们用植物做食物、衣服、住所，甚至呼吸空气。因此本文主要讲述了植物的用途,该类文章应该出现在一本关于自然的书籍中。故选D。
命题点细节理解
方法点拨：细节理解题是阅读理解命题最主要的考查形式。解答此类题时，考生需要利用题目中的关键词，寻找文章中的对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求考生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般在通读短文后可直接找出答案依据。难度较小，属浅层理解题。
方法点拨：解答此类题时，考生需要从文章的首、尾句（段）寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文章的主旨大意。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，但在有些文章中，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、结构层次（主题句或主题段）等方面进行考查，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，分析和总结段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等，从而在所给的选项中选出最佳答案。
命题点主旨大意
方法点拨：词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文正确判断词义的能力。一般情况下，词义猜测题中所出现的单词，需要考生在该词出现的上下文中寻找线索，通过阅读上下文，判定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切。常用的猜词技巧有：（1）利用构词法猜词；（2）利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词；（3）利用上下文语境猜词；（4）利用定义和解释猜词；（5）利用例证猜词。
命题点推理判断
方法点拨：推理判断题是阅读理解题设题的另一个重点。解答此类题时，考生要根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、作者的态度、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，理解作者意图。
命题点词义猜测
备考跟踪训练
训练一 广告图表类
（2021,襄阳）Passage 1
Looking forward to having fun in the following summer Come to be volunteers.
Summer Camp Offer you a chance to lead children in games, sports and art.Date: June 25-July 28. Mondays & FridaysTime: 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Farm Volunteer
We are looking for volunteers in three types: chicken feeding, tomato planting and horse training.Date：July 15-August 20, SundaysTime: 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.
Volleyball Club Volleyball volunteers teach kids basic skills of playing volleyball, and have a chance to play it on the beach.Date: June 25-August 30, ThursdaysTime: 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. The New View（视野）
Help open kids’ eyes to the newest achievements in technology. This program includes trips to local museums.Date: June 26-August 20, TuesdaysTime: 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
续表
To become a member of our volunteers, you must be the students who will graduate from junior middle school this year, and apply for（申请）it before June 23rd. For more information, please e-mail us at Alice@.
1.You must be free on _____ if you want to lead children in games, sports and art.
A. Mondays & Fridays B. Tuesdays & Wednesdays
C. Tuesdays & Saturdays D. Thursdays & Sundays
C
2.Which of the following is not mentioned in Farm Volunteer _____
A. Chicken feeding. B. Tomato planting. C. Sheep feeding. D. Horse training.
3.Which program will you choose if you are free only on Thursday every week _____
A. Summer Camp. B. Volleyball Club. C. Farm Volunteer. D. The New View.
B
A
B
5.For more information, you can contact （联系） us _____.
A. by phone B. by e-mail C. by website D. by letter
4.If you are interested in a trip to local museums, you can choose _____.
A. Summer Camp B. Farm Volunteer C. Volleyball Club D. The New View
D
Passage 2
Welcome to the Summer Palace
Opening Hours:
Apr. 1—Oct. 31; 6:30—18:00;
Inside gardens: 8:30—17：00
Nov. 1—Mar. 31; 7:00—17:00;
Inside gardens: 9:00—16:00
Ticket Price:
Adult: 18+ ￥30
Child: age 6—18 ￥15
◆ Free for children under 120 cm （3.9 feet）, or below 6 years old.
◆ The elderly over 60 enjoy half price.（Ticket prices of Dehe Garden, Tower of Buddhist Incense, Wenchang Hall, Suzhou Street and Danning Hall are not included）
Online Booking:
1.The tickets are sold 7 days in advance（提前）.
2.Your Passport or ID information is required, and one person can book only one ticket per day.
3.One adult could only book one child ticket.
续表
Important Notice:
★ During COVID-19 Epidemic Control Period:
1.The real-time local “Health Code” will be checked before entering.
2.Body temperature over 37.3℃ or coughing and short of breath, visitors are not allowed to enter.
3.Wear masks during the visit and keep distance with others.
For more information, you can visit: https://www. /summer-palace-tickets-booking.htm
续表
B
1.On National Day, visitors can enter the Summer Palace at _____.
A. 6:00 a.m. B. 8:00 a.m. C. 9:00 p.m. D. any time
2.How much will a 70-year-old lady pay at least to visit the Summer Palace _____
A. ￥15. B. ￥30. C. ￥45. D. None.
A
3.How much will a young couple with a 4-year-old child pay at least to visit the Summer Palace _____
A. ￥30. B. ￥45. C. ￥60. D. ￥75.
C
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage _____
A. One adult could only book one child ticket.
B. One should pay extra money to visit Danning Hall.
C. Passport or ID information is needed when booking tickets online.
D. A man with a high fever can enter the Summer Palace with a mask.
D
5.Where is the passage probably taken from _____
A. A story book. B. A news report. C. A science fiction. D. A travel guide.
D
Passage 3
The Walla Walla
Wallaby Foundation
About
WWWF
Wallaby
FAQ
Educational
Resources
Photo
Gallery
Shop
Welcome to the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation of America, Washington chapter．Here you will find news, photos, and other resources about the wallaby． In addition, our site’s unique（独特的） features for members include profile pages, discussion forums（论坛）, and other contents．We are the world’s best wallaby support group． For over 20 years, the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation has served the Walla Walla community through education and outreach on behalf of the wallaby． Search
MemberLogin
DiscussionForums
MemberProfiles
Donate
ContactUs
续表
1.The Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation is set up to _____．
A. sell the wallaby’s food B. support the wallaby
C. take photos of the wallaby D. provide news about the wallaby
B
2.If you want to give money to support WWWF, you can click on the icon “_____”．
A. About WWWF B. Donate
C. Discussion Forums D. Educational Resources
B
3.The reading material above is _____．
A. a diary B. a story C. a questionnaire D. a web page
D
Passage 4
Liverpool MUSIC—The Beatles Story The world-famous 1960s music group came from Liverpool． Find out about The Beatles at The Beatles Story．
Open every day except Dec. 25 and 26．
Adult（成人）： ￡15.95
Student： ￡12.00
Child： ￡7.00
Child under five： Free
Liverpool SPORT—Liverpool FC This city loves football．Visit Anfield football stadium（体育场）, home to Liverpool’s favourite football team, and take a tour．Closed on weekends．
Adult： ￡15.00
Under-16s and students： ￡9.00
Child under five： Free
续表
Liverpool MUSEUMVisit the Liverpool Museum. Learn all about the history and culture of Liverpool．Free entry（进入）!Open daily 10 a.m. - 5 p.m．
续表
Liverpool SHOPPING—Liverpool ONE Find the best shopping in the center of Liverpool at Liverpool ONE,Liverpool’s new shopping center．Opened in 2008． More than 160 shops, restaurants and cinemas．
A
1.What can you learn about at The Beatles Story？_____
A. A music group． B. A famous writer．
C. The history of the city． D. The English art culture.
2.How much do they pay if a student and his parents visit Anfield stadium？_____
A. ￡24.00． B. ￡30.00． C. ￡33.00． D. ￡39.00．
D
B
3.How long does Liverpool Museum run daily？_____
A. Five hours． B. Seven hours． C. Nine hours． D. Ten hours.
C
5.Where is the text most probably from？_____
A. A research paper． B. A health magazine.
C. A travel guidebook． D. A geography textbook.
4.What is Liverpool ONE？_____
A. A cinema． B. A restaurant．
C. A music hall. D. A shopping center．
D
训练二 人物故事类
（2021,黄冈）Passage 1
Yuan Longping is a great scientist who is the first person to develop hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.His research greatly solved the problem of the food shortage in the world.
Yuan Longping started the research in 1964. He put forward the idea of hybrid rice, did experiments（实验）on the farm, and succeeded in 1973. The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974, and then he continued to test it in other areas. China has become the first country that can produce hybrid rice. Yuan made it possible to grow hybrid rice in large amounts, and he is called “Father of Hybrid Rice” .
Besides being a respected （受人尊重的） scientist, he is also a romantic husband and a caring grandfather.
Yuan’s granddaughters remembered that when he traveled to Hong Kong, he wanted to buy his wife a new watch, but it was too expensive, so he bought a candy instead. When he was 90 years old, his family held a birthday party. Hundreds of people came to the party. There was a moving moment: Yuan cut the first piece of cake and immediately gave it to his wife. They also said that their grandfather paid much attention to their English and math studies. No matter how tired he was after work, he would still ask about their studies.
Yuan Longping loved playing the violin, swimming and driving. What’s more, he had a special habit—playing Mahjong（麻将）with friends for an hour every evening to train his brain. Just like common people, the scientist laughed when he won and didn’t hide his disappointment when he lost. When his requirement（请求）to build a research center was agreed to, he was very excited.
This is Yuan Longping: an ordinary（普通的）person who made great achievements.
1.Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice in order to _____.
A. test his idea in all areas B. build a research center
C. make himself famous in China D. solve the problem of the food shortage
A
2.What does the underlined word “put forward” mean in the passage _____
A. 提出 B. 质疑 C. 猜测 D. 捕捉
B
3.Yuan Longping bought _____ for his wife in Hong Kong at last.
A. a watch B. a candy C. a cake D. a violin
D
4.From the passage, we can learn that _____.
A. Yuan Longping tested the new technology in other areas in 1964
B. on Yuan Longping’s 90th birthday, he cut the first piece of cake for himself
C. Yuan Longping paid much attention to his granddaughters’ English and math studies
D. Yuan Longping was good at hiding his feelings when he played Mahjong
C
5.What’s the main idea of the passage _____
A. Yuan Longping’s different hobbies.
B. A great but common scientist—Yuan Longping.
C. The scientific process to produce hybrid rice.
D. The close relationship of Yuan Longping’s family.
B
Passage 2
247 graduate students of Fudan University have volunteered to teach the children in Xihaigu region(地区)of Ningxia for the past 22 years. The region used to be poor because of its terrible natural environment. “We expect to make a difference to the children’s life by sharing our knowledge in different fields,” one of the volunteers says.
The students have different abilities, so the volunteers have used different teaching methods to help them develop good study habits. “Local children had never learned English before, so we started with basic knowledge like English letters and pronunciation,” says Li Lianshuo, a Fudan volunteer. The volunteers help the students remember English words, read articles and deal with their study problems.
“We visit the students’ homes in our free time. We communicate with their parents so that we help the parents understand the importance of children’s education, because the parents didn’t care much about it years ago,” explains Yang Chenhaotong, who was the leader of the volunteer team in 2019. According to Yang, the parents give their children a lot of support in their studies now.
The volunteers have helped the local children with their studies. They have also set up football clubs and held many ball games to make the children’s life colorful. Fudan University has also given away more than 10 million yuan to the region to build playgrounds and other buildings over the past 22 years.
“Thanks to my volunteer teacher, my life has changed a lot. I will study hard and become an excellent person like her,” Li Sumei, a local student, says excitedly.
A
1.What do the volunteers expect to do in Xihaigu region _____
A. To make a difference to the children’s life.
B. To make the volunteers’ life more interesting.
C. To change the bad natural environment in the region.
D. To make people know more about Fudan University.
2.Why did the volunteers teach the children the English basic knowledge first _____
A. Because the children had different hobbies.
B. Because the children were not clever enough.
C. Because the children thought English was difficult.
D. Because the children had never learned English before.
D
C
3.What does the underlined word “it” mean in Paragraph 3 _____
A. Children’s ability. B. Children’s life.
C. Children’s education. D. Children’s health.
D
4.How did the volunteers make the children’s life colorful _____
A. By having English spelling competitions.
B. By having the English corner once a week.
C. By inviting the parents to the School Day once a year.
D. By setting up football clubs and holding many ball games.
5.What’s the best title of the passage _____
A. Making the Poor Region Rich B. Volunteering in Xihaigu Region
C. How to Change Parents’ Minds D. How to Be Excellent Volunteers
B
（2021,福建）Passage 3
Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important.He often practiced it by volunteering with his family.Last year, after entering the National Kindness Speech Competition, he became crazy about it.Now he works to spread kindness everywhere through projects that help others.He calls his campaign（活动）the Race to Kindness.
When a teacher told him about the competition, Orion had only 24 hours to write, memorize, and record his speech. In it, he talked about the importance of kindness. “Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world,” Orion said.He encouraged listeners to join him in doing small, kind acts for others.
Orion’s speech won the competition.He used his ＄500 prize to support his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local children’s hospital.He collected 619 toys.After that, Orion wanted to make an even bigger impact（影响）.Working with others, he packed meal bags for people in need with a kind message in each bag.Orion also organized several events in his community.In all, he collected more than 100,000 meals!
Orion believes that everyone wins this race.He says, “If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and inspire them to pass on kindness.And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place.”
1.Why did Orion start his campaign？ _____
A. To spread kindness. B. To win the competition.
C. To take part in a race. D. To volunteer with his family.
C
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to？_____
A. The competition. B. The world. C. His speech. D. His campaign.
A
3.Which of the following has something to do with Orion’s campaign？_____
A. B.
C. D.
B
5.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？_____
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. One is never too old to learn.
C. Believing in yourself is the first step to success.
D. Roses given to others, sweet smell left in your hand.
D
D
4.What did Orion do for his campaign？ _____
A. Joined in a competition. B. Recorded his speech.
C. Built a hospital. D. Collected over 100,000 meals.
Passage 4
Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911.He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”.
When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded（成立）and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite（卫星）. On April 24, 1970, “Dongfanghong-I” was successfully sent into the air.
In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake.
Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution（贡献）to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.”
Mr. Qian has been dead for ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young？_____
A. To find a new job. B. To receive further study.
C. To meet with his parents. D. To find better working conditions.
C
2.When was China’s first medium rocket created？_____
A. In 1955. B. In 1956. C. In 1964. D. In 1970.
D
3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？_____
A. The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China.
B. The reason why a special organization was set up.
C. The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite.
D. The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China.
B
4.In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland？_____
A. His love for the motherland. B. His professional knowledge.
C. His working experience. D. His anger towards America.
A
5.We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. Qian was not welcome in America in the 1950s
B. the young man couldn’t understand Qian’s articles
C. New China was in great need of scientists like Qian
D. hard conditions made it easier to develop rocket industry
C
训练三 学习生活类
（2021,泸州）Passage 1
After opening a free online Harry Potter center in April, British writer J.K.Rowling brings even more good news.
In May, Rowling started writing a new story called The Ickabog, which was free to read online to help amuse people who stayed at home because of COVID-19.
The new story centers around a monster （怪物）known as the Ickabog, a fierce child-eating monster who lives in the northern tip of an imaginary land known as Cornucopia and has super powers.
Though the book is written for children, it is also fascinating to adults.It talks about many things, such as weak leadership, and suppression （镇压）of disagreement.
“The Ickabog is a story about truth and the abuse （滥用）of power,” Rowling wrote on the website.“The themes are timeless and could be used in any era or any country.”
Rowling put the first two chapters online on May 26, with daily writing to follow until July 10.
She is also planning to publish （出版）the book in print later this year and then give away the money from its sales to projects and organizations helping the groups most influenced by COVID-19.
B
1.When did Rowling begin writing the new story The Ickabog online？ _____
A. In April. B. In May. C. In June. D. In July.
A
2.What does the underlined word “fierce” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？_____
A. 凶猛的 B. 失落的 C. 善良的 D. 兴奋的
C
3.Which theme is mentioned in the story The Ickabog？_____
A. COVID-19. B. Good leadership.
C. The abuse of power. D. Working together.
A
5.From the end of the passage, we can most probably learn Rowling is _____.
A. helpful B. famous C. hard-working D. powerful
B
4.How did Rowling finish The Ickabog？_____
A. She finished the whole story in one go. B. She wrote part of it every day online.
C. She printed the story by herself. D. She told the whole story twice.
Passage 2
What does it take to graduate from university？Some papers or high scores in exams？Well, these are not enough if you are a student at Tsinghua University.
According to a new rule of the university, students must prove（证明）themselves in the swimming pool. They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years. By the time they graduate, they will have known how to swim； otherwise they can’t graduate with their bachelor’s degrees（学士学位）.
The news made waves in Chinese social media（媒体）. Some people praised the university for requiring a necessary skill that can save lives, and they also believed that the rule would help improve students’ health. However, others questioned if it was fair to expect those who come from inland cities（内陆城市）to be able to swim.
In fact, this is not a new rule. Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.
Anyway, it is still good news that Chinese students’ health has become more and more valued. Why not just take this chance to learn one more life-saving ability？
1.According to the passage, what does it take for a student to graduate from Tsinghua university？_____
A. Some papers. B. High scores in exams.
C. Passing a swimming test. D. All of the above.
D
A
2.The underlined phrase“made waves”in Paragraph 3 most probably means _____.
A. caused a heated discussion B. spread widely
C. made a requirement D. proved the rule
3.Why did Tsinghua University once give up the rule？_____
① Because many students failed the swimming test.
② Because some people disagreed with the rule.
③ Because there were too many students.
④ Because there were not enough swimming pools.
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
B
4.What is the passage mainly about？_____
A. Different people hold different opinions about a new rule.
B. Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.
C. Chinese students’ health should be more and more valued.
D. There is a new chance to learn another life-saving ability.
C
Passage 3
Many Chinese students may want to study abroad after high school. But at the same time, more and more foreign students are coming to China.
According to a report from www. the , 397,63 international students came to China in 2015.China is now the third most popular country for international students, behind the United States and the United Kingdom.
In the summer of 2016, 55 students and teachers from Germany came to China and joined a summer camp. They were interested in traditional Chinese culture. They visited several schools in Beijing. They learned to make dumplings, play Chinese kung fu and do paper cutting. If they like Chinese handwriting, they can learn calligraphy. By communicating with Chinese people, they could have a close relationship with their new friends, and they could know more about China.
In 2018, especially young people in Germany, have become more interested in learning Chinese. There are more cultural exchanges between Germany and China. German students have had chances to learn more about Chinese culture, history and its life today. Almost 400 German schools have Chinese classes. Over 8,000 German students study in China.
C
1.According to a report, _____ is the third most popular country for international students in 2015.
A. Germany B. the United Kingdom
C. China D. the United States
2.The German students learned to do the following things in China EXCEPT _____.
A. playing ping-pong B. making dumplings
C. playing Chinese kung fu D. doing paper cutting
A
B
3.What does the underlined word calligraphy mean in Chinese _____
A. 豫剧 B. 书法 C. 太极 D. 油画
4.How many German schools have Chinese classes in 2018 _____
A. 40. B. 55. C. Almost 400. D. Over 8,000.
D
5.Which of the following is TRUE _____
A. 55 students and teachers from Germany came to China and joined a summer camp in 2015.
B. German students have become interested in learning modern Chinese culture.
C. There are fewer cultural exchanges between China and Germany.
D. More and more foreign students come to study in China now.
C
Passage 4
LIFE is AWKWARD．What should you do when your parents are embarrassing（使尴尬）you in front of your friends？Or what if you see what looks like a classmate stealing someone else’s headphones？ In our social Q’s column（专栏）, the teenager Harper Ediger and the adult Philip Galances give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations.Now it’s your turn：Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends？Email it to us at Kidsqs@njpost．com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue．Please include your age and hometown．Come on, we know you have one．
To inspire（激励）you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues：
My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do．I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute．I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time．How can I have more of a say？
At my school, fourth graders need to learn different dances, then dress up for a fancy party where we ask partners to dance with us．This makes me nervous, and I’m not looking forward to it．How should I handle this situation？
My sister is home for college break, and lucky me, she’s my roommate．As I’m 12 and she’s almost 19, we both want our own space．I know she doesn’t mean it personally, but she always complains that she doesn’t have a home, which makes me feel as if I’m intruding in my own room．Do I tell her how I feel or let it go？
C
1.What should be included in your email to the social Q’s column？_____
A. Name, age and social media. B. Age, school and hometown．
C. Age, hometown and questions． D. Name, school and questions．
C
2.The underlined word “say” in the passage means _____．
A. the ability to plan time B. the chance to set up camps
C. the right to make decisions D. the plan to enjoy activities
B
3.The writer uses some published reader-submitted questions in order to _____．
A. show kids ways of solving problems
B. give kids examples of what to write about
C. share Harper and Philip’s advice with kids
D. offer kids a chance to complain about their lives
4.The social Q’s column is designed to _____．
A. help kids deal with their troubles B. train kids to write
C. have kids introduce themselves D. advise kids to behave well
A
训练四 健康环保类
Passage 1
In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to report．Where does the waste go？ People usually burn or bury （埋） it．On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries． We get useful materials from it．What about the useless part？ Still burned or buried．But is it a proper way？
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people’s health and causes animals to die．It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development． We can’t make money at the cost of the environment．We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations （一代人）．
China is getting really serious about waste now．
We are taking less waste from developed countries．From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country．And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made．Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
China also tries to put waste into good use． One example is the waste electricity factories． They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment．
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting （分类）． Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems．More will join them soon．As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion （时尚）．More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste．
C
1.The writer starts the passage by _____．
A. telling stories B. comparing numbers
C. raising questions D. giving suggestions
B
2.The underlined word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 means “_____” in Chinese．
A. 可享受的 B. 可持续的 C. 可借鉴的 D. 可复活的
D
3.From the passage, we know that _____．
A. waste does harm only to the environment
B. those who break the law may not be punished
C. China stops getting waste from developed countries
D. waste sorting starts to become popular in China
4.The structure of the passage may be _____．
（①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ③＝Paragraph 3
④＝Paragraph 4 ⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6）
A. B.
C. D.
A
Passage 2
It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful． Too much screen time may be harmful to your health．
First, it is bad for your eyes． A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out． Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain （劳损）, headaches and dry eyes． So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone.
Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains． A new study shows that using screens too much can affect（影响） how children’s brains grow． If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains． White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills．So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens．
Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep． According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20． Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed． Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep． So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime．
To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours．
D
1.The blue light from your screens can cause _____．
A. eye strain B. headaches C. dry eyes D. all of the above
C
2.According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you _____．
A. take a break every 15 minutes B. have lower levels of white matter
C. use screens too much before bed D. are the people from 13 to 64
D
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？_____
A. Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes．
B. A lot of screen time affects children’s brain growth．
C. The light from electronics at night may make you excited．
D. People of all ages mustn’t use electronics．
4.You may read the passage in _____.
A. a science magazine B. a travel diary
C. a guide book D. a novel
B
5.What is the main idea of the passage？_____
A. The ways to keep healthy. B. The harm of using screens too much.
C. The ways to use screens. D. The advantages of using screens.
A
Passage 3
How do you feel about nature？After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park？Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains.However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside.For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year.And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.
As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health：one example of this is the work of Dr. Matilda in Sweden.The doctor gave people a maths test.During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast.After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature.Their heart rates were slower than people’s in the other group. The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed.
Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada.In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city.In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.
Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life.In Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water.In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular.Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside.And South Korea is another good example：it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year.So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature.
1.What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about？_____
A. Teenagers’ problem in the 2lst century.
B. How much time we spend outdoors.
C. Visiting your local park.
D. Feeling about nature.
B
2.Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer._____
①the USA ②Dubai ③Switzerland ④South Korea
a.Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.
b.About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.
c.A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.
d.10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.
A. ①-a ②-d ③-b ④-c B. ①-d ②-c ③-a ④-b
C. ①-a ②-c ③-d ④-b D. ①-d ②-c ③-b ④-a
B
3.What do the results of the studies show？_____
A. More and more Canadians will live near parks.
B. The maths test is difficult and makes people nervous.
C. Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier.
D. People’s heart rates get slower in a 3D-virtual-reality room.
C
4.What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage？_____
A. Nature is more important than cities.
B. Country life is healthier than city life.
C. People have lived in the cities for so long.
D. Nature should be part of people’s daily life.
D
训练五 文化风俗类
Passage 1
Every Saturday evening, many people come to an open square in a small town in Xi’an. They want to watch Chen Kun and his friends put on a play. During the play, the audience （观众） can hear them, but they cannot see them. That is because they are putting on a shadow puppet play （皮影戏）.
Shadow puppets are made of hard leather （皮革）. The leather is cut out in the shape of a person, an animal or an object. Each puppet is painted in bright colors and put on a stick. Some puppets have movable arms and legs.
During a shadow puppet play, Chen stands behind a white screen with lights behind it. The audience sit in front of the screen. Chen and his friends hold the puppets very close to the screen so the audience can see the puppets’ shadows clearly. Then they move the puppets around and do the voices of the different characters.
Shadow puppet plays are a traditional Chinese art. Now with TV and films, shadow puppet plays are not as popular as before. To encourage more young people to learn the skills of shadow puppet plays, Chen provides training courses for students to teach them how to make shadow puppets.
Chen and his friends often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind. They want to keep this traditional art form alive.
D
1.Why cannot the audience see Chen Kun and his friends during the play _____
A. Because there is no light in front of the screen.
B. Because the audience sit too far to see them.
C. Because Chen Kun and his friends are watching a play.
D. Because Chen Kun and his friends are putting on a shadow puppet play behind the screen.
A
2.According to the passage, what are shadow puppets made of _____
A. Leather. B. Sticks. C. Plastic. D. Paper.
A
3.The underlined word “it” refers to （指） _____ in the passage.
A. a white screen B. a light C. a shadow puppet D. Chen Kun
4.Chen Kun and his friends put on shadow puppet plays because _____.
A. they want to enjoy themselves
B. they want to make as much money as they can
C. they want to keep this traditional art form alive
D. shadow puppet plays are more popular than before
C
Passage 2
February 29th comes up on the calendar only every four years．A year with a February 29th might be good news if you are paid by the day or the week．But it might be bad news if you were born on a February 29th．You have to wait three years in between birthdays!
American English has an expression for the unusual situation． February 29th is called a leap day． And the year with a February 29th in it is called a leap year． This year, 2020, is such a year．
As a verb, the word “leap” means to jump, or to move quickly．“Leap” can also be a noun, meaning a jump, or a sudden move．
In a leap year, the dates jump over one day of the week． Let me explain． In 2017, the last day of the year, December 31st, fell on a Sunday． In 2018, it fell on a Monday． In 2019, it fell on a Tuesday． But in 2020, December 31st will fall on a Thursday． It jumps right over Wednesday．
The reason for a leap day or a leap year is because our calendar does not follow the earth’s orbit（轨道）around the sun exactly． Each year, we have a little time left over． So every four years, we put all that time together into an extra （额外的） day．
Some people choose to marry on February 29th because it is an unusual date．But some ancient people would likely tell couples not to do it． Leap years were believed to be difficult, and leap days were unlucky．To be honest, these have no scientific basis （依据）．
D
1.A 20-year-old person has _____ birthdays if he/she was born on a February 29th.
A. 20 B. 15 C. 10 D. 5
C
2.A leap year means one more _____ is added in the calendar of the year.
A. month B. year C. day D. week
B
3.The last day of 2021 will fall on _____ according to this article.
A. Saturday B. Friday C. Sunday D. Monday
A
4.Some people choose to marry on February 29th because _____.
A. it’s quite a special date B. it’s quite an unlucky day
C. it can save more money D. it’s a traditional custom
5.Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to this article？_____
A. Scientists tell couples not to marry on a leap day.
B. The leap year or leap day comes once every four years.
C. Some ancient people believed that leap days were unlucky.
D. We have a little time left each year before a leap year comes.
A
Passage 3
Beijing Opera is the most representative of all Chinese traditional dramatic art forms and the largest Chinese opera form. Having a history of about 200 years, it is developed from absorbing（吸收）many other dramatic forms, mostly from the local drama ‘Huiban’, which was popular in South China during the 18th century. It is a scenic（戏剧的）art integrating music, performance, literature, aria, and face painting.
Theatrical art forms in many other countries do not present singing, dancing and spoken parts in one single drama. An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama, the dancer has no speaking role and does not sing either. Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment which includes spoken parts, singing, dancing and acrobatics.
In addition to its presence in China, Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers（表演者）of all time, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.
“You will be puzzled（困惑）all the way through and a little bored from time to time; but you will be charmed and interested. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera even if you know nothing of the dramatic background.”This is how one American traveller described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China’s national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
1.What makes Beijing Opera different from theatrical art forms in many other countries _____
A. It has one opera singer on stage.
B. It has one dancer who has no speaking role.
C. It has already spread to many other countries.
D. It includes spoken parts, singing, dancing and acrobatics.
D
2.People think Mei Lanfang played an important role in the spread of Beijing Opera because _____.
A. he made many tours to a foreign country
B. he was a famous Beijing Opera performer
C. he was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners
D. he made Beijing Opera different from other theatrical art forms
C
3.From Paragraph 4 we know that the American traveller _____.
A. felt bored all the way B. thought highly of Beijing Opera
C. found Beijing Opera interesting at first D. knew the background of Beijing Opera
B
4.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the passage _____
A. Beijing Opera. B. Local drama. C. An opera singer. D. A modern play.
A
训练六 事物介绍类
（2021,河南）Passage 1
Every living thing needs to reproduce. Reproducing means creating more members of your group. In order for plants to reproduce, they have to spread their seeds （种子） to other areas. Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this.
The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside of fruit. When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground. Sometimes animals will pick up the fruit and drop it in another area. That helps move the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way.
Other plants use wind to spread their seeds. Dandelions are a good example of this. Dandelion seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places. Maple （枫树） seeds also use wind. Their seeds are connected with long, thin leaves that look like wings. When the seed falls from the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther from the tree.
Some animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s body, it stays whole. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place.
Ants also help spread seeds. Some seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back to their home, which of course is underground. They only eat part of the seed. They leave the rest of the seed underground. After that, the seed can start growing.
D
1.What does the word “gravity” mean in the second paragraph？_____
A. The action that makes animals drop seeds.
B. The help that moves seeds even farther away.
C. The need that comes from animals and plants.
D. The force that causes fruit to fall to the ground.
B
2.How do maples spread their seeds _____
A. They use ants. B. They use wind.
C. They use smells. D. They use animals.
3.What do ants do to help spread seeds _____
a.They only eat part of the seed.
b.They help seeds fall from the tree.
c.They carry seeds to the underground home.
d.They pick up the fruit and move it far away.
e.They leave the rest of the seed underground.
A. b, d, e B. a, b, d C. a, c, e D. b, c, d
C
4.What is the theme （主题） of the text _____
A. Nature. B. Culture. C. Education. D. Technology.
A
5.What’s the best title for the text _____
A. How Plants Spread Seeds B. Why Animals Pick Up Seeds
C. How Wind Helps Seeds Spread D. Why Seeds Have a Special Trip
A
Passage 2
Whether from news reports or social media articles, you may know that 5G is coming.
5G is the 5th generation network. It is a new network（网络）after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G and it can connect everyone and everything together. 5G networks will cover many cities in China soon. 5G means super-fast data（数据）speed. One can download a two-hour movie for fewer than 10 seconds, and it is making our lives more and more convenient.
5G will make self-driving cars possible. For safety, self-driving cars need super-fast data transmission（传输）to communicate with their nearby environment. 5G is just what makes self-driving cars achieve this. Even airplanes will become “smart” in the near future. Passengers will be able to use 5G networks in the air to connect to the Internet or place orders for food and drinks.
5G will be a big help for students who take online classes. Many people live in poor areas in the world where there are no schools. But with 5G, this will change. Students all over the world will be able to see places like the Great Wall without leaving their rooms.
It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.
The facts listed above are only a part of what 5G will make possible and popular. Just as in the early days of the Internet in the 1990s, few could see how it could change our life and the world. The same will surely be true of 5G. With 5G, many things do not seem like dreams anymore. Now let’s get ready to say goodbye to 4G and welcome the coming of 5G.
B
1.How long may it take to download a two-hour movie with 5G？_____
A. 15 seconds. B. 8 seconds. C. 10 minutes. D. 2 hours.
C
2.The underlined word “remotely” means _____in Chinese.
A. 快速地 B. 高效地 C. 远程地 D. 科学地
C
3.From the last paragraph, we can know that _____.
A. 4G is no more used in our daily life now
B. the writer is worried about the coming of 5G
C. with 5G, some of our dreams will come true for sure one day
D. in the 1990s, all the people believed that the Internet would change our life
4.5G will make the following things more and more popular EXCEPT _____.
A. self-driving cars B. “smart” airplanes
C. online classes D. hospitals without doctors
D
5.About 5G,_____ is NOT mentioned in the passage.
A. to be used freely
B. super-fast data speed
C. to connect everyone and everything together
D. to make life more convenient than 4G
A
Passage 3
Tide is the regular rise and fall of the ocean level caused by the movement of the sun, the earth and the moon． It is considered a promising source of green energy to produce electricity in coastal areas．
To make use of tidal energy, we need to build tidal power stations． The bays （海湾） and the river mouths where the tide is high（the tidal range is more than 10 meters） are usually perfect sites to build tidal power stations． There are many such places in the world． According to the IRENA （the International Renewable Energy Agency）, by just using 2% of our coastlines, we can produce 4,383 TWh of ocean power each year, enough to meet 16.4% of the world’s electricity needs．
To build a tidal power station, we need to build a dam． In the dam there are many turbines and on each turbine there is an electric generator （发电机）． When the tide rises, water comes through the dam, the turbines turn and the electric generators work, producing electricity．When the tide falls, water goes out through the dam, the turbines turn again．The electric generators continue to work．
Tidal energy has its advantages．Using tidal energy to produce electricity is much cheaper than using the traditional energy, like coal or gas． For example, the Rance Tidal Power Station in France has been there for over 50 years, producing around 540,000,000 TWh of electricity each year． The cost is only 1.3 cents/TWh． Tidal energy can be used nearly 24 hours a day． As long as the sun, the earth and the moon exist, we can use it to produce electricity． But without sunshine, there is no solar energy． When there is no wind, electric generators will not work． In addition, with the development of modern technology, tidal energy can be stored and used to produce electricity continuously．
However, we still have some problems to solve． It is difficult to build a dam in the sea, and the cost is very high．Moreover, it’s expensive to keep a tidal power station in its best condition．Scientists are working on them．
C
1.A tidal power station is best built _____．
A. at a river mouth with wind B. along the coast with waves
C. in a bay with tide high enough D. in coastal areas with sunshine
B
2.The underlined word “turbine” in Paragraph Three is a machine to _____.
A. make the tide rise and fall B. make an electric generator work
C. let water go through the dam D. keep the dam in good condition
3.What advantage does tidal energy have？_____
A. We can use it to get useful tide. B. It can improve the ocean environment.
C. We can use it nearly all the time. D. It meets 16. 4% of the electricity needs.
C
4.How can we make better use of tidal energy？_____
A. By digging more bays and river mouths.
B. By building cheaper tidal power stations.
C. By closing traditional electric power plants.
D. By using tidal energy to replace other energy.
B
训练七 观点建议类
Passage 1
The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can hold much more information than most computers.However, there is another difference between human brains and puters don’t forget information they are given, but humans often do.No one remembers everything, and luckily we don’t usually have to.But everyone can improve their memories if they want to.Here are some suggestions.
Try to use new information immediately.For example, if you meet someone who says “Hi!I’m Carlos”, don’t just say “hello”.Repeat the person’s name and say “Hello, Carlos”.
Break a big number into small parts.For example, it’s hard to remember 109244153.But if you break it into three parts—109/244/153, it will become easier.
Write down what you need to remember over and over again.This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially when memorizing formulas or facts.
Always review information.If you bring what you’ve learned back to your mind, it’ll become easier to remember.For example, before you go to sleep, it’s a good idea to review the new things you’ve learned that day.
Discuss things with friends.It is always easier to remember things through discussions.You can have a discussion about what’s right or wrong, and it will lead to the right answer.
All of the suggestions are helpful.If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.
C
1.How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage？_____
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
A
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true？ _____
A. People can remember all information in daily life.
B. Computers can remember all given information.
C. People can improve their memories if they want to.
D. Human brains can hold more information than most computers.
3.According to the passage, what should you do when you have trouble in memorizing the formulas？ _____
A. Store them in a computer. B. Break them into small parts.
C. Write them down over and over again. D. Discuss them with friends.
C
4.What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to(指代)？ _____
A. The information. B. The computers.
C. What you’ve learned. D. The suggestions.
D
5.The best title of the passage is _____.
A. Discussing Can Help You Remember Things
B. The Suggestions for Improving Your Memory
C. Reviewing Can Help You Improve Your Memory
D. The Importance of Improving Your Memory
B
Passage 2
It’s hard to find a person who doesn’t like traveling. The human’s hopes to explore(探索) new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It’s a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources（资源）. Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog（博客） about traveling. But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original（原创） articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don’t forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone’s story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experiences with readers.
B
1.The Chinese meaning of the word “engage” is _____.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诫 D. 利用
A
2.If you want to improve your writing skills, you should _____.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
C
3.According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should _____.
A. create a blog about reading B. write articles about others’ stories
C. become an experienced traveler D. share other people’s traveling secrets
4.According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer _____.
A. should often copy someone’s story
B. usually rewrites somebody’s travel articles
C. only shares others’ experience and feelings
D. should always have their own opinions
D
5.This passage mainly tells us _____.
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
C
Passage 3
Starting high school can be difficult． Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes． Thinking about making new friends might make you feel nervous, too． But don’t worry, because you are not alone． You are going to school with a group of students of your age, and we have several suggestions for you to follow．
Forget your fear and just talk to some
Don’t be afraid to get close to strangers． Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common． Sit in the middle of the classroom with many new friends around you as possible．
Join clubs
Take part in after-school activities that interest you． Try to make friends in clubs． If you don’t join anything, you will be just going to classes and then going home． Being in a club makes you more social．
Stay clean
No one likes a bad smell that could knock somebody over． Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair． You should make yourself look clean and tidy, whatever you wear．
Be respectful of people’s differences
Everyone has his or her own opinion（观点）of the world．And everyone believes different things．It’s a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you each can share your own．
B
1.The following things can help you get used to high school EXCEPT _____．
A. playing with students of your age B. staying in the classroom on your own
C. starting a conversation with others D. forgetting your fear and talking to some
D
2.You can make friends with others by _____．
A. sitting at the back of the classroom
B. just going to classes and then going home
C. wearing the most beautiful clothes
D. taking part in after-school activities in clubs
3.What’s the writer’s attitude （看法） about people’s differences？_____
A. Respect each other． B. Only believe yourself．
C. Sharing isn’t needed． D. Don’t have different opinions．
C
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？_____
A. The ways to start a club B. Face your fear bravely
C. How to start high school D. Keep clean and tidy
A
训练八 科技时事类
（2021,泰安）Passage 1
Scientists say they’ve developed a new system （系统）.It can use“machine learning” to predict when and where lightning （闪电）will strike （闪击）.The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated （估算）between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires.For these reasons, some climate scientists have studied to develop methods to predict and control lightning.But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments （实验）.It used a combination of data （数据资料）from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model.It was trained to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data.The data was collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data related to（与……有关）four main surface conditions：air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity （相对湿度）and wind speed.
The atmospheric （大气的）data was put into a machine learning algorithm （计算程序）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system.He said, “Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex, and they require expensive collection equipment （设备）like radar or satellites （卫星）.”
“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
B
1.According to the passage, the strikes can’t cause _____.
A. power cuts B. earthquakes
C. forest fires D. the death of people
D
2.What does the underlined word “it” refer to（指代） in Paragraph 5？ _____
A. The lightning strike. B. The system being tested.
C. The machine learning algorithm. D. The atmospheric data.
3.What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us？ _____
A. Where weather stations should be built.
B. How the machine learning algorithm works.
C. The advantages of the new system in data collection.
D. The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas.
C
4.Which of the following statements about the new system is TRUE？ _____
A. Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years.
B. It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely.
C. The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data.
D. It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes.
D
Passage 2
It’s reported that a Chinese company has created a new facial recognition system that can identify （识别） people even if they are wearing masks. Developers began working on the new system in January 2020 when the novel coronavirus appeared in China. The fast spread of the virus has led most people to wear masks in public to protect themselves and people around.
China is regarded as a world leader in the development of artificial intelligence （AI）. According to engineers at the Beijing-based Hanwang Technology Ltd, this system is the first to be created to identify people wearing face masks. “A team of 20 engineers completed it in about a month, adding a collection of about 6 million unmasked faces and a smaller collection of masked faces,” the company said.
Hanwang is now selling two main kinds of products using the new technology. One performs single channel recognition （单通道识别）, which will be used at the entrances to buildings. The other product is a multi-channel （多通道的） recognition system that uses groups of cameras. It’s said that the multi-channel system can identify a person in a crowd of up to 30 people within a second.
“When people wear a mask, the recognition rate （比率） can reach about 95 percent,” said Huang Lei, Hanwang’s vice president. “The system’s success rate for people without wearing a mask is about 99.5 percent.”
Nowadays the new system is trying to identify people with both sunglasses and a mask. “In such cases, all of the key facial informa