2022届高考英语冲刺完形填空（15空）题型专练 (说明文)（含答案）

完形填空题型专练（说明文）
A
What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word “culture” Do you think of different groups of people across the world with various 1 and clothing What about animals
Sam Williams,executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉) Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to 2 the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very 4 .
"In a cage,you can't 5 them to know where,when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites," Williams told ecologist and writer Carl Safina for the Guardian. In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6 .
This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be 7 from the older generation to the newer one. For many species,cultural knowledge is necessary for 8 .
Culture helps animals to 9 different habitats.For example,some crows(乌鸦)have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have learned to do this at intersections so they can 10 get the food when the cars stop at red lights.
Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity, using different tools,taking different 11 routes and using different socializing methods.
These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee communities. Cat Hobaiter,who studies chimpanzees in Uganda,said:"It's not just the 12 of populations of chimps that worries me.I find 13 the possibility of losing each population's unique culture. That's permanent.”
Culture isn't just for 14 . Culture is also an important part of life in the wild from using tools to 15 .
1.A.communities B.zones C.traditions D.divisions
2.A.squeeze B.reduce C.wrestle D.delete
3.A.encaged B.enlarged C.encouraged D.ensured
4.A.tentative B.slow C.lame D.abrupt
5.A.elect B.swap C.assess D.train
6.A.brochure B.seminar C.framework D.information
7.A.passed down B.taken up C.followed up D.put together
8.A.management B.survival C.currency D.cooperation
9.A.cater to B.push for C.adapt to D.dive in
10.A.safely B.desperately C.surprisingly D.hopefully
11.A.irrigation B.migration C.suspension D.collision
12.A.loss B.dilemma C.adjustment D.prevention
13.A.enterprising B.flexible C.artificial D.terrifying
14.A.animals B.plants C.humans D.nails
15.A.refreshing B.weeping C.negotiating D.socializing
B
What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer That is what Kevin Warwick, a professor at the University of Reading, U. K., 1 to find out. "I want to have a go at exploring what it means to 2 ," he says.
Soon he will have an 3 A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube there will be tiny computer circuits. These will 4 messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer.
"Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from its 5 of origin to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the 6 pain " says Kevin Warwick.
It is not just about 7 . The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain, which could have many different 8 . The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 9 . But what if they could download feelings of happiness directly into their minds Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and 10 to be back with them. Then you store these 11 on a computer and send them to your family as an e-mail.
Professor Warwick believes that the success of his new experiment could benefit human beings in many ways. A human will be one 12 to use the memory and mathematical power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings 13 across the planet using the Internet. Human have used their intelligence to create increasingly intelligent 14 . Has the time now come for the two to 15 together
1.A.manages B.helps C.intends D.tends
2.A.advances B.humans C.rights D.competitions
3.A.operation B.adjustment C.assessment D.examination
4.A.give off B.turn into C.make up D.pick up
5.A.level B.space C.moment D.point
6.A.awful B.usual C.same D.slight
7.A.signals B.pain C.brain D.messages
8.A.explanations B.applications C.systems D.problems
9.A.better B.stronger C.wiser D.worse
10.A.prefer B.agree C.long D.refuse
11.A.feelings B.greetings C.requests D.memories
12.A.able B.willing C.born D.afraid
13.A.indirectly B.separately C.directly D.purposelessly
14.A.worlds B.machines C.websites D.bodies
15.A.learn B.meet C.develop D.join
C
Have you ever heard someone say that he can't see the forest for the trees If so, you may have 1 what this curious phrase means. If you can see the trees, how is the forest not 2 too
This popular phrase accurately describes situations in which people sometimes get caught up in the details so that they lose sight of the big picture. 3 , you're paying so much attention to the trees that you forget that the trees are just part of the larger forest.
This is a problem we all 4 from time to time. When observing our world, it's easy to focus on interesting details and ignore larger concepts. For 5 , though, it's important to be able to focus on both the forest and the trees.
Since the 6 of scientific inquiry thousands of years ago, observations have been 7 .The first scientists used their senses to see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the world around them. Through these 8 , they learned about their world and began to search for answers to the questions that 9 arose.
Today, scientists even rely upon their five senses to make observations. However, they also take advantage of modern 10 to make observations with a wide variety of tools. These enable them to "see" the world in ways beyond what their five senses 11 .
From satellite telescopes to atomic microscopes, 12 scientists use these tools to observe the world in ways never 13 by early scientists. Some of these tools allow them to 14 small details while others help them to see the big 15 .
1.A.wondered B.believed C.explained D.described
2.A.acceptable B.accessible C.visible D.possible
3.A.In contrast B.In return C.In other words D.In the meantime
4.A.seek out B.pass by C.agree on D.meet with
5.A.observers B.farmers C.scientists D.leaders
6.A.beginning B.separation C.recovery D.removal
7.A.forgotten B.welcomed C.impossible D.important
8.A.errors B.gifts C.observations D.inventions
9.A.luckily B.naturally C.exactly D.occasionally
10.A.technologies B.theories C.discoveries D.methods
11.A.release B.allow C.prefer D.strive
12.A.famous B.young C.popular D.modem
13.A.imagined B.suggested C.remembered D.convinced
14.A.create B.study C.copy D.choose
15.A.cause B.change C.picture D.achievement
D
Which comes first, happiness or money Are richer people happier And 1 , how do people get richer A recent study could tell you the answer.
The study 2 thousands of teenagers and found that those who felt better about life as young adults 3 to have higher incomes by the time they 4 29. Those who were happiest earned an average of $8,000 more than those who were the most 5 .
The researchers, from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very depressed teens, no matter how tall or smart they were, earned 10% less than their peers, 6 the happier ones earned 7 30% more.
Happier teenagers have an easier time 8 school, college and the job interview, 9 because they always feel better about life. It may also be true that happier people find it easier to make friends, who are often the key to homework help or networking.
A report in June suggested that professional respect was more important than 10 in terms of workplace happiness. In August scientists announced that they had found the 11 for happiness in women. Alas! The same gene doesn’t appear to have 12 effect on men. And in October researchers in the UK and in the US announced that people who eat seven portions of fruit and vegetables a day report being the happiest.
If it is really true that happier kids 13 being wealthier kids, is it necessary for parents to get their kids to do the homework The fact is that no homework will make kids happy but surely hurt their grades. Studies do show, 14 , that more education 15 better-paid jobs, which may give us a deep thought.
1.A.if not B.if so C.if any D.if ever
2.A.looked around B.looked into C.looked out D.looked through
3.A.apologized B.acquired C.attended D.tended
4.A.turned B.grew C.went D.got
5.A.powerful B.confident C.delighted D.depressed
6.A.while B.when C.as D.though
7.A.right now B.up to C.right away D.down to
8.A.getting off B.getting through C.getting out D.getting on
9.A.simply B.just C.chiefly D.only
10.A.jobs B.dollars C.friends D.parents
11.A.gene B.brand C.character D.nature
12.A.the best B.the different C.the same D.the most
13.A.come up B.end up C.take up D.turn up
14.A.first of all B.for all C.at all D.after all
15.A.exists in B.contributes to C.results from D.relies on
Keys：
A篇：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.A; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D
B篇：1-5.CBADD; 6-10.CBBAC; 11-15.AACBD C篇：1-5 ACCDC 6-10 ADCBA 11-15 BDABC
D篇：1.B; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A; 5.D; 6.A; 7.B; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.B
答案以及解析
A
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.A; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D
解析： 1.考查名词及语境理解。A.communities社区；B.zones空间；C.traditions传统；D. divisions分支。句意：你认为世界上不同的民族有不同的传统和服装吗？根据前文What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word "culture"讲到文化可知，此处是讲不同的传统和服装。故选C。
2.考查动词及语境理解。A.squeeze挤压； B.reduce减少；C.wrestle缠绕；D.delete删除。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild."可知，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响。故选B。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A.encaged关进笼子；B.enlarged扩大；C.encouraged鼓励； D.ensured保证。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下一段的第一句话in a cage, you cant.可知，他是把出生在笼子里的鸟儿放回自然，所以此处选择encaged。故选A。
4.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tentative实验性的；B.slow缓慢的；C.lame瘸的；D.abrupt突然的。句意：但这个过程非常缓慢。根据下文In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6 可知，因为缺乏亲生父母的教导，这个过程非常的困难、非常艰辛，所以此处选择slow。故选B。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.elect选举； B.swap交换；C.assess评价；D.train训练。句意：在笼子里，你无法训练它们知道在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物，也无法训练它们找到有好的筑巢地点的树。根据空后的"know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites"可知，将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外需要训练。故选D。
6.考查名词及语境理解。A.brochure手册； B.seminar讨论会；C.framework框架； D. information信息。句意：在野外，父母会教给孩子这些重要的信息。此处是指前文提到的"在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物"、"有好的筑巢地点的树"，这些都是信息。故选D。
7.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.passed down传递；B.taken up占据；C.followed up跟随；D.put together组装。句意：文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。根据空后的"from the older generation to the newer one"可知，此处是讲文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。故选A。
8.考查名词及语境理解。A.management管理；B.survivals生存；C.currency货币； D. cooperation合作。句意：对于许多物种来说，文化知识是生存所必需的。从上文的食物和筑巢中不难推测出，这些知识至关重要以至于没有了它们甚至无法存活的。故选B。
9.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cater to迎合；B.push for奋力争取；C.adapt to适应； D.dive in潜入。句意：文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。根据后文讲乌鸦在不同的地区做出相应的行为来适应环境可知，此处是讲文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。故选C。
10.考查副词及语境理解。A.safely安全地； B.desperately不顾一切地；C.surprisingly惊讶地；D.hopefully有希望地。句意：在其他地区，他们已经学会在十字路口这样做，这样当汽车红灯时，他们可以安全地拿到食物。根据前文提到乌鸦把坚果放在路中间是为了让车停下可知，这样就能安全地获得食物。故选A。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A.irrigation灌溉； B.migration迁徙；C.suspension暂停；D.collision碰撞。句意：文化知识的其他重要部分包括群体认同、使用不同的工具、采取不同的迁移路线和使用不同的社交方法。这里讲的动物们的习惯，并且后面有routes，显然会想到迁移路线migration routes。故选B。
12.考查名词及语境理解。A.Ioss损失；B.dilemma窘境；C.adjustment调整； D. prevention阻止。句意：让我担心的不仅仅是黑猩猩数量的减少。下一句话中的losing each population's unique culture暗示了上一句话空格处是loss of populations。此处需要注意前后文的呼应。故选A。
13.考查形容词及语境理解。A.enterprising有事业心的；B.flexible灵活的；C.artificial人造的；D.terrifying令人恐惧的。句意：我发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。作者发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。故选D。
14.考查名词及语境理解。A.animals动物； B.plants食物；C.humans，人类；D.nails钉子。句意：文化不仅仅是人类的。空格后一句说，文化也是野生动物的。所以空格前面与之对应应该选择humans。故选C。
15.考查动词及语境理解。A.refreshing更新；B.weeping哭泣；C.negotiating协商； D. socializing社交。句意：从使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要组成部分。根据前文讲乌鸦使用工具和动物的群体认同（Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity）可知，此处是讲从使用工具到社交。故选D。
B
答案：1-5.CBADD; 6-10.CBBAC; 11-15.AACBD
解析：1.根据上文中的What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer 及下文内容可知,这里表示凯文·沃里克教授打算弄清楚这个问题的答案。intend意为“打算”,符合语境。manage意为“设法做成”;help意为“帮助”;tend意为“往往会;趋向于”。
2.根据上文中的What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer 可知,凯文·沃里克想探索让人脑与电脑相连对人类来说会有什么样的意义。human意为“人类”,符合语境。advance意为“进展”;right意为“权利”;competition意为“比赛”。
3.根据设空处后的A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm.可知,此处指他将做一台手术。operation意为“手术”,符合语境。adjustment意为“调整”;assessment意为“评价”;examination意为“检查”。
4.根据设空处后的messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer 可知,此处表示接收发送至大脑的信息,然后再将这些信息发送到电脑上。pick up意为“接收(信号、声音等)”,符合语境。give off意为“发出(气味、热、光等)”;turn into意为“变成”;make up意为“组成”。
5.根据语境可知,此处表示当疼痛从其源头转移到大脑时,它就在神经系统上产生了一个清晰的电子信号。the point of origin意为“起点;原点”,符合语境。level意为“水平”;space意为“场所”;moment意为“某一时刻”。
6.根据上文中的Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from... to the brain 及 what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then...可知,此处是沃里克猜测自己在不同情况下能否感受到相同的疼痛。same意为“相同的”,符合语境。awful意为“可怕的”;usual意为“通常的”;slight意为“稍微的”。
7.根据上文中的Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system... to the brain及下文的The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain可知,人类神经系统向大脑发送各种各样的其他信息,疼痛只是其中的一种。pain意为“疼痛”,符合语境。signal意为“信号”;brain意为“智力;脑力”;message意为“信息”。
8.根据下文的The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people...可知,人类神经系统向大脑发送各种各样的信息的功能可以有许多不同(方面)的应用。application意为“应用”,符合语境。explanation意为“解释”;system意为“系统”;problem意为“问题”。
9.根据设空处前的Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 可知,此处是指给焦虑或抑郁的人药物以缓解他们的焦虑或抑郁,即让他们感觉更好些。better意为“更好的”,符合语境。stronger意为“更强壮的”;wiser意为“更明智的”;worse意为“更糟糕的”。
10.根据上文的Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones.可知,此处表示你渴望回到远方所爱之人的身边。long意为“渴望”,符合语境。prefer意为“更喜欢”;agree意为“同意”;refuse意为“拒绝”。
11.根据上文的You love them and _______ to be back with them.及设空处所在句中的store these _______ on a computer可知,此处指的是把这些感觉储存在一台电脑上,并以电子邮件的形式发送给家人。feeling意为“感觉”,符合语境。greeting意为“问候”;request意为“请求”;memory意为“回忆”。
12.根据上文中的benefit human beings 以及下文的He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings...可知,此处指人类将能够使用计算机的存储能力和数学(计算)能力。able意为“能……的”,符合语境。willing意为“乐意的”;born意为“天生的”;afraid意为“害怕的”。
13.根据上文及语境可知,人脑与电脑相连,人与人之间就可以直接交流思想和感情了,故此处表示人们将能够通过使用互联网在地球上直接交流思想和感情。directly意为“直接地”符合语境。indirectly意为“间接地”;separately意为“单独地”;purposelessly意为“无目的地”。
14.根据语境可知,此处表示人们用他们的智慧创造出越来越智能的机器。machine意为“机器”,符合语境。world意为“世界”;website意为“网站”;body意为“身体”。
15.根据文章首句What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer 可知,此处与开头相呼应,反问现在是将人脑和电脑连接起来的时候吗 join意为“连接”,符合语境。learn意为“学习”;meet意为“遇见”;develop意为“发展”。
C
答案：1-5 ACCDC 6-10 ADCBA 11-15 BDABC
解析：1.根据空后的what this curious phrase means可知, 对这一奇怪的短语, 人们或许会想知道其表达的意思。A项意为"想知道", 故选A项。
2.根据该句中的see及语境可知, 空处的意思与之相近。C项意为"能看到的", 故选C项。
3.空后与上句的意思一致, 故空处表示"换言之", 故选C项。A项意为"相反", B项意为"作为回报", D项意为"与此同时", 都与语境不符。
4.根据常识并结合该句可知, "只见树木不见森林" 这一问题我们经常遇到。D项意为"遇到", 故选D项。A项意为"找出, 挑出", B项意为"经过", C项意为"同意", 都与文意不符。
5.根据下句中的scientific可知, 对于科学家来说, 既关注森林又关注树木是很重要的。C项意为"科学家", 故选C项。
6.根据该句中的scientific inquiry thousands of years ago并结合常识可知, 自从几千年前开始科学探索以来, 观测就很重要。A项意为"开始", 故选A项。
7.根据下句中的to see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the world around them可知, 多年前科学家们通过感官去观察世界。结合该句可知, 观察很重要。D项意为"重要的", 故选D项。
8.根据该段第一句中的observations可知, 科学家们通过这些观察开始了解世界, 并探索问题的答案。C项意为"观察", 且为原词复现, 故选C项。
9.根据语境可知, 科学家们通过这些观察开始了解世界, 并探索在这个过程中自然产生的问题的答案。B项意为"自然地", 故选B项。
10.A根据该句中的with a wide variety of tools可知, 如今科学家们也利用现代技术, 用各种各样的工具进行观测。A项意为"技术", 故选A项。
11.根据该句中的beyond可知, 利用现代技术和工具, 科学家们能够以超出五感所允许的方式"看" 世界。B项意为"允许", 故选B项。
12.根据该句中的From satellite telescopes to atomic microscopes可知, 从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜, 现代科学家利用这些工具观察世界。D项意为"现代的", 故选D项。
13.根据该句中的by early scientists可以判断, 现代科学家的这些先进的观察工具是古代科学家难以想象的。A项意为"想象", 故选A项。
14. 根据该句中的small details并结合上句中的From satellite telescopes to atomic microscopes可知, 有些工具可以帮助科学家们研究细节。B项意为"研究", 故选B项。
15.根据前文第二段第一句中的the big picture可知, 有些工具则能帮助科学家们看到大局。C项意为"图画, 画面", 此处the big picture指"大局", 故选C项。
D
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A; 5.D; 6.A; 7.B; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.B
解析： 1.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. not如果不；B. if so如果是这样的话；C. if any若有的话；D. if ever如果有过的话。根据前文Are richer people happier？可知，如果是这样的话，人们怎样才能变得更富有呢？故答案为B。
2.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. looked around到处寻找；B. looked into调查；C. looked out当心D. looked through浏览。根据下文found that those who felt better about life as young adults 3 to have higher incomes（收入） by the time they 4 可知，这是一项调查研究。故答案为B。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A. apologised道歉；B. acquired获得；C attended参加；D. tended倾向。根据下文 to have higher incomes（收入）by the time可知，到他们29岁时，对生活感到幸福的年轻人趋向于收入更高tended to倾向（于）。故答案为D。
4.考查动词及语境理解。A. turned转变，变成；B. grew成长；C. went去；D. go得到。根据下文29可知，到他们29岁时，对生活感到幸福的年轻人趋向于收入更高。表示到29岁时，用turn。故答案为A。
5.考查形容词及语境理解。A. powerful大的；B. confident自信的C. delighted高兴的；D. depressed沮丧的。在下文内容 The researchers from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very gloomy（沮丧的） teens, no matter how tall or smart they were earned10% less than their peers，捕捉到关键词 gloomy，这里应填 gloomy的同义词。故答案为D。
6.考查连词及语境理解。A. While然而；B. When当时；C.as随着D. though尽管。根据前文 no matter how tall or smart they were ed10% less than their peers可知，然而，快乐的人挣得多达30%。前后为对比关系。故答案为A。
7.考查动词固定搭配及语境理解。A. right now马上；B. up to达到；C right away立刻D. down to下至。根据下文30% more可知，然而，快乐的人挣得多达30%。故答案为B。
8.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. getting off车；B. getting through度过；C. getting out离开，出去；D. getting on进展。根据常识及前文Happier teenagers have an easier time可知，快乐的青少年在学校、大学和工作面试中度过更轻松的时光。故答案为B。
9.考查副词及语境理解。A. simply简单地；B. just仅仅；C. chiefly主要地；D. only只有。主要是因为他们对生活感到更好。故答案为C。
10.考查名词及语境理解。A. job工作；B. dollars美元；C. friends朋友；D. parents父母。六月的份报告表明在职场幸福中，职业尊重比美元更重要。故答案为A。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A. gene基因；B. brand商标；C. character性格；D. nature自然。在下文内容 The same gene（基因）doesn't appear to have 12 effect on men中捕捉到关键词gene。故答案为A。
12.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. the best最好的；B. the different不同的；C. the same相同的；D. the most最多的。相同的基因在男士身上看起来没有起到相同的作用。故答案为C。
13.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. come up发生；B. end up结束；C take up开始从事；D. turn up出现。如果真的幸福的孩子会以富有的孩子告终。故答案为B。
14.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. first of all先；B. for all尽管；C.at all根本；D. after all毕竟。毕竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于获得更高收入的工作。故答案为D。
15.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. exists in存在于；B. contributes to有助于；C. results from由。引起；D. relies on依靠。根据下文which may give us a deep though可知，毕竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于获得更高收入的工作。故答案为B。