(共50张PPT)
Revision module B
语法小结
宾语从句
一、宾语从句的定义：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的引导词有三种类型。
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1、that引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
2、if或whether引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。如：
They are talking about whether to go there or not.
②宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。如：
It depends on (依靠)whether it is going to rain.
③宾语是不定式时用whether。如：
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
④有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。如：
Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet.
故事是否属实，我还不知道。
3、特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来的，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。连接代词引导宾语从句时，它们在句中既起连接句子的作用，又充当一定的成分。而连接副词引导宾语从句时，它们在句中既起连接句子的作用，又在句中充当状语成分。如：
Do you know what he said just now
I wondered how old his brother was.
Can you tell me when he will arrive （when作状语）
Do you know what he said just now （what作主语）
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？ (why作状语)
二、宾语从句的语序。
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管宾语从句由哪种形式的句式转化而来，从句都必须采用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如：
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see （╳）
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see （√）
We don’t know where does he live.（╳）
We don’t know where he lives. （√）
Can you tell me if / whether have they visited China （╳）
Can you tell me if / whether they have visited China （√）
【注意】当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如：
Can you tell me what is the matter （what在从句中作主语）
I don’t know who is the youngest of them.（who在从句中作主语）
He asked me what was wrong with me.（what在从句中作主语）
三、宾语从句的时态。
1、如果主句的谓语动词是现在时态（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。如：
He says that he has been ill for two days.
2、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）中的某一种形式。如：
He asked if you had written to Peter.
3、如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如：
He said that the earth is round.
He said that the sun rises in the east.
4、情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。如
Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is？
四、宾语从句的否定转移。
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。如：
I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）
→I don’t think chicken can swim.
I think it’s going to rain this afternoon. （变否定句）
→I don’t think it’s going to rain this afternoon.
He said that he would go shopping（变否定句）
→He said that he would not go shopping
Grammar and speaking
1 Work in pairs. Ask for and give advice.
what/do/if I want to develop new skills
—Can you tell me what I should do if I want to develop new skills
—You should get a hobby.
1 how/make friends
2 why/not talk to me
3 who/talk to
—Can you tell me how I can make friends
—You should be friendly to them.
—Can you tell me why they don't talk to me
—You should tell them the truth.
—Can you tell me who I should talk to
—You should talk to your friends.
1 ―What did the teacher say just now
―He said that the earth ________ round the sun.
a) go b) goes c) going d) will go
2 The girl wanted to know ________.
a) whose digital camera it was
b) whose digital camera is it
c) how much did the digital camera cost
d) where her father will buy her a digital camera
b)
a)
2 Choose the correct answer.
3 ―What did your parrot say, Bill
―It asked us ________ today.
a) what is the weather like
b) what the weather was like
c) what does the weather like
d) what did the weather like
4 —Do you know ________ I’m going to visit him.
—Sorry, I don’t know.
a) where does Mr Li live b) where Mr Li lives
c) where did Mr Li live d) where Mr Li lived
b)
b)
5 ―I don’t know if he ________ to Kate’s birthday party.
―He’s sure to go because he ____ her very well.
a) goes; knows b) will go; knows
c) goes; will know d) will go; will know
6 I’d like to know ________.
a) when will he give back the tape
b) whether has he received higher education
c) that he has been busy
d) whether she will join in our English Evening
b)
d)
Last night I had a very strange dream. I dreamt I met an alien! I asked him (1) ______ he was from and (2) _____ he was here. He told me (3) _____ he was from Mars and he won a competition to visit the earth. I asked him (4) ________ he was and he told me he was 500 years old. Then I asked him (5) _________ he was going to stay on the earth and (6) ______ he was going back to Mars. He said he did not know. He asked me (7) _____ I would like to visit Mars one day. Then I heard my mum calling me, “Wake up, William. Time for school!” What a strange dream!
where
why
that
how old
how long
3 Complete the diary with the words and
expressions in the box.
how long how old if that when where why
when
if
I am really (1) ______________ (look forward) to going to China. I am sure that it (2) _______ (be) the trip of a lifetime. My plane (3) ________ (take off) from London on Saturday evening and will arrive in Beijing on Sunday afternoon. I (4) ______________ (never be) on a long plane journey before, but I think that I (5) _________ (enjoy) it. When I arrive, I am going to stay with my friend Lingling and her family. We are going to do lots of sightseeing and she(6) ______ (tell) me that I could go to school with her for the day.
looking forward
will be
takes off
have never been
will enjoy
4 Complete the passage with the correct form of
the words and expressions in brackets.
told
I am learning Chinese, but I am not sure that I (7) ___________________ (understand) what the teacher
says. Lingling (8) _______ (write) to me and explained a
lot about Chinese life—and I can tell you there is a lot (9) _____________ (remember)! And do you want (10) _________ (know) why I am going to China Well, to eat all the delicious food, of course!
will/can understand
wrote
to remember
to know
并列复合句
一、并列复合句的基本概念
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
二、并列复合句的基本结构
并列复合句的基本结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
三、常见的并列句
1. 表并列关系的：and（和；同；与；并且）；both…and…（……和……都；既……又……）；neither…nor…（既不……也不……）；not only…but also…（不仅……而且……）；as well as（而且；还；又）。
（1）and意为“和；同；与；并且”用来连接两个并列分句，and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致，若第一个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来时。如：
I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。
He is a lovely boy and he is helpful. 他很可爱，乐于助人。
（2）both…and... 意为“……和……都；既……又……”。如：
Both Lucy and Lily are good students. 露西和莉莉都是好学生。
My sister studies both English and Japanese.
我妹妹学英语和日语。
（3）neither…nor… 意为“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：
Neither you nor he is right. 你没错，他也没错。
（4）not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：
Not only John but also his parents are coming.
不仅约翰，而且他的父母也都来了。
Not only Peter but also Bob comes here every day.
不但皮特而且鲍伯每天都来这儿。
（5）as well as意为“而且；还；又”， 连接的并列主语句子中，谓语动词应与它前面的主语一致。如：
Tom as well as I walks to school every day.
汤姆和我每天走路上学。
2、表示转折关系的：but（但；但是；可是）；while（然而）；yet（然而）；however（然而）。如：
（1）but意为“但；但是；可是”。 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折，前后分句时态一致。如：
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴但它会说话。
（2）yet意为“然而”。如：
My little sister is young, yet she is very clever. 我的小妹妹很年轻，但她非常聪明。
The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn’t find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到。
（3）however意为“然而”。如：
Certainly he apologized, however, I won’t forgive him. 他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他。
Li Lei wanted to Seven Star Park, however he didn’t know the way. 李雷想去七星公园，但是他不知道路。
（4）while意为“然而”。如：
He’s a worker while his wife is a doctor.
他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。
3、表示选择关系的：or（或；或者；还是；否则；不然）；either…or…（或者……或者……；不是……就是……）；not…but…（不是……而是……）。
（1）or意为“或；或者；还是；否则；不然”，表示在两者之间选择一个，常用的连接词为or，前后分句的时态往往保持一致，若第一个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来时。连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：
You or he is wrong. 不是你错了就是他错了。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
快点，否则你就会上学迟到。
（2）either…or…意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：
Nick is either in London or in Paris. 尼克不是在伦敦就是在巴黎。
Either give a hand, or leave right away.
或者帮忙，或者立刻离开。
（3）not…but…意为“不是……而是……”。如：
Ma Lin is not a student but a teacher. 马林不是学生而是老师。
4. 表示因果关系的：so（所以）；therefore（因此）；for（因为）。
（1）so意为“因此，所以”。如：
I got up late, so I was late for class.
我起床晚了，所以我上课迟到了。
She is kind to the others, so all of us love her.
她对别人很好，所以我们都喜欢她。
（2）therefore意为“因此，所以”。如：
Mr. Wang can’t come here today; therefore you needn’t wait for him. 王先生今天不能来，所以你不必等他。
He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。
（3）for意为“因为”。如：
It must be snowing, for it is bright outside.
天一定在下雪，因为外面这么亮。
四、使用并列复合句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列复合句有时可不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一个逗号或分号（前后句之间的关系须相当紧密）。如：
I’m Chinese; I speak Chinese. 我是中国人，我说汉语。
We fished all day; we didn’t catch a fish.
我们钓了一整天鱼，但我们一条也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。如：
Li Ming put on his coat and (Li Ming) went out.
李明穿上外套出去了。
My father works in a factory and my mother (works) in a school.
我父亲在工厂上班，而我母亲在学校上班。
5 Complete the conversation with and, but and or.
Kate: I want to start a new hobby, (1) ______ I don’t
know what to choose. Do you have any ideas
Mike: Well, my hobbies are playing football and table
tennis.
Kate: Thanks, Mike! Football and table tennis aren’t my
favourite sports.
Mike: Have you tried other sports At school you can
join the tennis club, the swimming club, (2) _____
you can trythe basketball club, (3) _____ they
are all on the same day.
but
and
but
Kate: I like tennis, (4) ______ it’s very tiring. Perhaps
swimming I don’t know. . .
Mike: Wait a minute ― you’re good at art and music.
The art teacher is going to start a new after school
club ― you can learn to draw cartoons (5) _____
write songs. You can join the club.
Kate: That sounds interesting. . .
but
or
Vocabulary
6 Put the words and expressions in the box
into the correct columns.
beach camp chess classmate fan get on well magazine make friends painting programme relaxing stamp stay in touch the latest news travel
Hobby Holiday Friendship News
chess,
fan,
painting,
stamp,
travel
beach，camp，relaxing
classmate，
get on well，
make friends，
stay in touch
magazine，programme，
the latest news
My hobby is collecting stamps.
I'm sure my holiday will be relaxing.
I get on well with my classmates.
The latest news will be on the programme.
Now write at least five sentences with the words or expressions in the table.
Let’s take a walk along the beach.
a bright future/a bright colour/a bright boy
__________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________
7 Choose five adjectives from the box. Write
as many expressions as you can with them.
bright busy dangerous interesting lonely loud
lucky magic main successful usual wonderful
Now think of：
·someone you know
·something you do
·somewhere you go
Write sentences about them. Use as many of the expressions you wrote as possible.
8 Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
1 I ________ my books with my pocket money.
2 What do you ________ my new mobile phone
3 Keep quiet, or you will ________ your parents.
4 I will ___________ the lives of many English writers
after I finish reading this article next week.
5 You have the right to _______ help from your teacher.
pay for
think of
wake up
know about
ask for
ask for know about pay for think of wake up
Last term, I (1) __________ to my classmate Li Wei that I was having trouble with English. Li Wei (2) __________ me to Karen, a British student in our school. Karen was very kind, and she (3) __________ me to work harder. She even (4) _________ me in her study group although we were in (5) _________ classes.
Now Karen has become my close friend. When we are not studying, we talk about our troubles and hopes. Karen (6) ________ me with trust and support. I do the same for her. We (7) ________ on each other!
mentioned
introduced
encouraged
included
separated
9 Complete the passage with the correct form of the
words in the box.
depend encourage include introduce mention provide separate
provides
depend
Listening
10 Listen and complete the notes.
Exciting things about being a TV news reporter
·the first to know about (1) _____________________
·travelling around the world and talking to
(2) _______________________________
Things you have to learn
·how to use a(n) (3) __________________
·how to write (4) _____________________
·how to speak to the (5) ________________
A good place to learn to be a TV news reporter
·a(n) (6) _____________________________
important news stories
important and famous people
video camera
news reports
camera
small television station
Do you want to be a TV news reporter People often ask me why I love my job. Well, it’s very exciting. I’m the first to know about important news stories. I travel around the world and I talk to important and famous people.
But you have to learn a lot of things if you want to work in TV news, such as how to use a video camera, how to write news reports, and how to speak to the camera.
A good place to learn to be a TV news reporter is a small television station. You get a lot of practice doing different things, so you can learn fast.
11 Listen to the poem and read.
By Robert Louis Stevenson
When I was down beside the sea,
A wooden spade they gave to me
To dig the sandy shore.
My holes were empty like a cup.
In every hole the sea came up,
Till it could come no more.
At the seaside
Robert Louis Stevenson
Now work in pairs. Ask for and give advice about the problems on your lists.
12 Make a list of the problems you have
when you are learning English.
I can’t remember the new words.
I can’t understand what the others say.
I am afraid to speak English in public.
I don’t know the grammar.
...
—I can’t remember the new words.
—You can use word maps.
—I can’t understand what the others say.
—You should listen to the English radio.
—I am afraid to speak English in public.
—You should join an English club and speak English
as much as possible.
—I don’t know the grammar.
—You can ask the teacher for help.
...
Reading and writing
An introduction to Treasure Island
Treasure Island is a famous story. The hero, Jim Hawkins, finds Captain Flint’s map. Captain Flint was a pirate and had lots of gold. He hid his gold before he died, and there is a cross on the map to show where the gold is. It is on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Jim and his friends buy a ship, get some men and go to the island to look for the gold.
They set sail but then they discover that Long John Silver , the cook, and the other men on the ship are all pirates. The pirates are planning to kill them. As soon as they get to the island, Jim and his friends fight the pirates. The pirates do not kill them, but take the map.
13 Read the passage and answer the questions.
The pirates go to look for the gold, and Jim follows them. Although they find the place, the gold is not there. Later, Jim knows it is because of Ben Gunn. Jim meets Ben Gunn on the island and he tells Jim and his friends his story. He tells them he was a pirate, a friend of Captain Flint. He has now decided not to be a pirate. Ben Gunn found the gold some time before. He agrees to share it with Jim and his friends because they will take him back to England.
When Jim and his friends leave the island, Ben goes with them. All of the pirates have to stay on the island except Long John Silver. Although he is also a pirate, he helps Jim and his friends. On their way home, they stop in America for one night. In the morning, they find that Long John Silver has gone, and he has taken some of the gold. When they get back to England, Jim decides never to go looking for gold again.
1 What is Treasure Island
2 Why is it called Treasure Island
3 Who is Jim Hawkins
4 What does he do
Treasure Island is a famous story.
Because Captain Flint，a pirate having lots of gold, hid his gold on an island before he died.
Jim Hawkins is the hero.
Jim and his friends buy a ship, get some men and go to the island to look for the gold.
a) Ben Gunn agrees to share the gold with Jim and his
friends. □
b) Captain Flint hides his gold. □
c) Jim and his friends buy a ship. □
d) Jim Hawkins finds a map. □
e) Long John Silver takes away some of the gold. □
f) The pirates plan to kill Jim and his friends. □
1
2
3
4
5
6
14 Number the events from the story in Activity 13
in the correct order.
1 Why do Jim Hawkins and his friends buy a ship
2 Who are the people that work on the ship
3 Why does Jim follow the pirates on the island
4 Why do the pirates not find the gold
5 Why do Jim and his friends take Long John Silver
with them when they leave the island
Because they want to go to the island to look for the gold.
They are all pirates.
Because they take the map.
It’s because of Ben Gunn.
Because he helps Jim and his friends.
15 Answer the questions.
1 What do you think of Long John Silver
2 Why do you think that Jim decides never to go looking for gold again
3 Would you like to read Treasure Island Why or why not
4 Do you think Treasure Island would make a good film Why or why not
16 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
He becomes a good man in the end.
Because it is very dangerous to go looking for gold.
Yes, I’d love to. Because it’s exciting.
Yes, I do. Because the story is very exciting.
17 Write about a book you have read or a film you have seen. Use the following questions to help you.
1 What is the name of the book/film
2 What kind of book/film is it
3 Who is the hero
4 What is the story
5 Did you enjoy it Why or why not
I like the film Toy Story (1995)．It’s an animated film (动画片) about toys. They come to themselves when children and adults aren’t around. The heroes are the toys, Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Bo Peep and so on. I like it because the storylines are uncomplicated and the characters use the simple language. It’s good for learning English.
基础过关
一、单项选择。
D
A
D
B
B
1. Smile to the world, the world will smile back to you.
A. nor B. but C. or D. and
2. Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years. Today it is still
loved by ______ the young ______ the old.
A. both...and... B. either... or...
C. not...but... D. neither...nor...
3. He speaks ____ English ___ French. Instead, he speaks German.
A. either; or B not only; but also C. both; and D neither; nor
4. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ______ good
at drawing.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
5. Tom I walks to school every day.
A. but B. as well as C. or D. for
C
D
C
C
B
6. Mike is good at playing basketball __ Bruce does well in football.
A. when B. until C. while D. since
7. Look left and right before you cross the road, ______ you may be
hit by a car.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
8. ---- I don’t like singing _____ dancing. What about you
---- I don’t like dancing, ______ I like singing.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and
9. We just need one of you for the game. you your
brother can join us.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor
C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
10. The rain is very heavy, ________ we have to stay at home.
A. but B. so C. because D. and
C
D
B
D
C
11. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
12. I want to know _________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
13. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
14. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home
15. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
A
B
D
C
B
16. ---- Do you know if he to play basketball with us
---- I think he will come if he free tomorrow.
A. will come, is B. comes, is
C. comes, will be D. will come, will be
17. I don’t know Tom will come or not.
A. weather B. whether C. how D. that
18. I don’t know ______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he
comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
19. Linda said the moon ______ round the earth.
A. travelled B. travels C. has travelled D. had travelled
20. I don’t know or not I have passed the exam.
A. weather B. if C. whether D. that
二、按括号里的要求改写句子，每空一词。
Not only but also
and
or
if enjoys
if could
1. Both Li Hua and his parents are going to visit the flower show.
(同义句转换)
→_____ _____ Li Hua _____ ______ his parents are going to visit the flower show.
2. If you work hard, you’ll get good grades. (同义句转换)
→Work hard, you’ll get good grades.
3. If you don’t study harder, you will fail in the test. (同义句转换)
→Study harder, _____ you will fail in the test.
4. Does Mr. Brown enjoy playing the chess Could you tell us
(合并句子)
→Could you tell us ____ Mr. Brown ________ playing the chess
5. Can the girl speak Chinese He asked me. (合并句子)
→He asked me ____ the girl ________ speak Chinese.
6. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. (合并句子)
→My teacher told me _____ light ________ faster than sound.
7. When does the flight fly I want to know. (合并句子)
→I want to know ______ the flight ______.
8. How many people are there in the picture Who can tell me
(合并句子)
→Who can tell me ____ ______ people _____ ____ in the picture
9. Did they have a good journey home Do you know (合并句子)
→Do you know they a good journey home
10. Where does he live I don’t know. (合并句子)
→I don’t know .
that travels
when flies
how many there are
if had
where he lives
German to us
the schoolmaster the wallet
the dictionary to me
a new bike for me
himself a boat
11. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. (同义句转换)
Mr Johnson taught last year.
12. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. (同义句转换)
Mary handed .
13. Would you please pass me the dictionary (同义句转换)
Would you please pass
14. My father has bought me a new bike. (同义句转换)
My father has bought .
15. Robinson Crusoe made a boat for himself. (同义句转换)
Robinson Crusoe made .
复习M6~M10所学单词、短语、句子和知识点，读熟M6~M10的课文和对话。为段考做准备。
Homework
Thank you.
Bye-bye!
