(共30张PPT)
中考语法专题复习
名词
名词的概念:
中考考点:
表示人和事物名称的词。
1.根据语境考查名词词义;2. 可数与不可数名词用法区别;3.可数名词的单复数;
4.不可数名词计量;5.主谓一致;6.名词所有格构成及用法。
考点:
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的格
Ⅰ.名词的分类
专有名词
普通名词
(表示专有的人、事物、国名、地名、机构、组织等) Zhong Nanshan, Sunday, China, Chongqing,WHO
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
monkey,radio
police,people,class,group,team,family
bread,water
love,happiness
①专有名词的第一个字母要大写②前面一般不加冠词,后面不加s
September 10th is Teachers’ Day.
(二)集合名词
①集合名词police / people作主语,谓语用复数。
② family, class, group, team视为整体时,谓语用单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。
(一)专有名词
跟踪训练
1.are, are
2. is 3. are searching
4. are 5. classes
the Great Wall
Ⅰ.名词的分类
专有名词
普通名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
Ⅱ.名词的数
名词的数
既可数名词又不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
1. 没有复数,不与a/an/数词连用;
2. 单个不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数;多个不可数名词作主语,谓语用复数;
3. 表示不可数名词的数量时,应用修饰词 some ,much ,
(a )little, a lot of, a bit of 或 计量词修饰,如:
a piece of (一张、则),a glass of(一杯) ,a bottle of (一瓶), a scoop of(一勺) , a basket of(一篮子)...
4.对其数量提问,用how much;
5.其代词用it ,但在比较等级中,用that代替。
(一)不可数名词的特征
bread and milk
is
are
is known
How much
that
跟踪训练
(1).有单、复数之分;
(2).名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致(主谓一致);
(3).可数名词一般要与冠词a, an和the连用。
There is a boy sitting on a stone.The boy is crying now.
(4).修饰词: some ,many, (a )few,several, a number of, the number of, a lot of= lots of,a bag of, a kilo of… 及数词等
2. 名词表示类别的方式有2种:
1.) 复数, 2.)a/an+单数名词
Oranges are orange. An orange is orange.
(二)可数名词
1.可数名词的特征
1)规则变化:
a. 一般情况直接加S;
b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es
c. 以辅+y结尾,变y为i加es;
2)不规则变化需要记忆
3). 单复同形Chinese/Japanese/sheep/deer
3.可数名词单数变复数:
1.physics / maths / news / politics … 本身以“s”结尾,它们不是复数形式。
2.有的名词常以复数形式存在:trousers / pants / glasses (眼镜) / stairs / clothes / thanks等。
注意:
monkeys toys
babies zoos
heroes potatoes
tomatoes photos
radios months
mouths matches
bosses boxes
brushes Germans
跟踪训练:单数变复数
复数变单数
half wife
leaf life
shelf knife
half leaf
wife life
shelf knife
man_______ woman_______
foot_______ human_______
child______ tooth_______
mouse_________Frenchman______________
men women
feet s
ren teeth
mice Frenchmen
特殊
are
potatoes
dosen’t fit
d. How many
e. brothers.
跟踪训练:
见书P75页
(三)既可数又不可数
Ⅲ.名词所有格
名词的格
's所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
to表所属关系
1.'s所有格(通常表示有生命的名词的所属关系)
Men's clothes, children's books, Mother's Day
见P75表格
注意:
复数名词与else连用时, 's应该加在else之后:
somebody else's
2.of所有格(通常表示无生命的名词的所属关系)
a map of China , the cover of the book
3.双重所有格 (同时表达数量和所属关系)
1) of +名词的所有格
2) of +名词性物主代词(既表示所属关系又表示数)
an old friend of my uncle's /a friend of mine
(区分)It's a photo of me. It's a photo of mine.
4.to表所属关系
the answer to the question the key to the door
the ticket to the concert the bridge to success
the secret to ... the way to...
1-5 DBDDA
跟踪训练
1.名词在句中充当:主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语
2.名词做定语
1)名词作定语常用单数,a shoe shop / two apple trees
2)man / woman则与后面的名词同数
a woman teacher two women doctors
3)sport作定语用复数。 a pair of sports shoes
4)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而必须用单数形式。
a five-year-old girl a two-month holiday
5)名词所有格做定语 Mary’s books
四、名词的功能名词做定语
1.A
2. beef noodles
3. D
跟踪训练:
Summary
考点:
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的格
cn(个体、集合)
un(物质、抽象)
不可数名词
构成
专有名词
普通名词
可数名词
(4)
1.Dave really likes driving. I think being a _____is just right for him.
A. doctor B. teacher
C. farmer D. driver
2. —Lily, could you please pass me the___ I want to cut the apple.
—Sure, here you are.
A. pen B . pencil
C. book D. knife
D
D
中考回放
3. Could you please get me some____ I’m hungry.
A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg
4.The girl in purple is new here, so ______ people know her.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
5.There is some ___ in the fridge. It’s fresh.
A. milk B. apples C. egg
C
A
A
Thanks!