2022年英语中考语法复习课件介词1

(共35张PPT)
介词
Prepositions
（一）介词基本用法
介词短语
常见介词用法盘点
学习目标：
1. 介词的基本用法
2. 介词短语
3. 常见介词的用法盘点
重庆近几年中考中介词的基本用法是必考点，在单选、完形和短文填空中均有涉及。主要考查的有：时间介词、方位介词、方式介词等和其他常见介词的基本用法。
介词：一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。
考点： 1. 介词的基本用法 2. 常见介词的用法 3. 易混介词的比较 4.“动词+介词”与“动词+副词”的区分
介词知识导图
1. 介词的基本用法
介词短语的构成2. 介词短语
介词短语的用法3. 常见介词的用法
介词 表示时间的介词 表示方位的介词 4. 易混介词比较 表示运动方向的介词 表示方式的介词 其他易混的介词 5. “动词+介词”与“动词+副词”的区分
一、介词的基本用法
介词是一种虚词，不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语（介宾），即构成介词短语。
二、介词短语（一）介词短语的构成： 介词+限定词+名词 on a / the / my desk 介词+代词（宾格） on it / them 介词+动名词 without having breakfast 介词+句子 about what he said
（二）介词短语的基本用法：1.在句中作表语My shoes are under the bed. 2.在句中作定语The girl in a red coat is Lucy’s sister. 3.在句中作状语He put his bike under the tree. 4.在句中作宾补You must keep it behind your backs.
三、常见介词的用法 （一）in用法盘点
1.表地点 (某一范围内或大地点)
2.表时间（年、月份、季节、年代)
3.表“穿”
4.表“用”
5.表“in +时段”
The Green family will go abroad in half a month. (提问)__________________________________
How soon will the Green family go abroad
6.常用短语参加（活动） take part in= join in 填写/补 fill in=fill out在……前（内部） in the front of 在……中间 in the middle of对……感兴趣 be interested in 进来 come in 匆忙地 in a hurry 最后 in the end 及时 in time 上交 hand in 通过这种方式 in this way
补充：
in danger处在危险中 in fact实际上；事实上
in order按顺序；井然有序 in order to为了
in person 亲身；亲自 in public当众；公开
in silence 沉默地；无声地 in surprise惊奇地
in trouble处于困境 in a word总而言之
in that case既然那样 in one’s opinion在某人看来
（二）on用法盘点（4点）
1.关于，相当于about
2.时间，具体某天或具体某天的上午，下午，晚上
3.be on 表“进行”，是begin的延续性动词
4.表示处于工作状态中，使用中
5. 在......上（表面） on the desk
5.常用短语：休假中 on holiday 着火 on fire办公事 on business 表演 on show 在二楼 on the second floor 在农场 on the farm通过收录机 on the radio 步行 on foot 准时 on time 穿上 put on上车 get on 继续 go on 从今以后 from now on 花……做 spend on 试穿 try on 打开 turn on等一等，别挂电话 hold on在去……的路上 on one’s way to 与某人相处 get on well with在左边/右边 on the left/ right
补充：
on duty 值日；值班
on vacation 在度假中
on sale ( 廉价)出售
on TV 在电视上
（三）with用法盘点1.“有、带”2.“与……一起，一道”3.“用” 强调用具体的某种工具4.表“条件”
5.构成复合结构with +宾语+ adj / prep, 表伴随状况
p 87 练习答案
a. if, don't
unless
if, help
with
b. without having breakfast
c. with
d. with nothing
e. answering
6.常用短语生（某人）的气 be angry with 与……交朋友 make friends with忙于做某事 be busy doing 与…相处融洽 get along well with帮助…做… help with 被…覆盖 be covered with与…玩，玩… play with 赶上，跟上 catch up with同意某人 agree with 用…填充 fill with
补充：
share ... with sb. 和某人分享
be busy with 忙于……
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be patient with sb 对某人有耐心
be popular with/among sb 对某人来说很受欢迎
be filled with 充满，填满
start/begin with 以......开始
（四）by用法盘点1.“在……的旁边”；靠近 near，beside2.“经过”= past 3.“用、靠、通过（某种方式）”4.“不迟于，在……以前”= before / no later than5.“被，由”用于被动语态中
6.“乘（交通工具）”加交通工具单数，注意无冠词
7.表示抓握的部位
8.常用短语乘公交 by bus 顺便说一说 by the way走过，经过 pass by 渐渐地 little by little一天接一天 day by day 一个接一个 one by one顺便来访 drop by 错误地 by mistake单独地 by oneself 偶然地 by chance/accident到……末为止 by the end of 随着时间的流逝 as time goes by
（五）for 用法盘点1.为了 work for…… play for…… Every student should study for his country.2.(表对象) 对于 for sb.It’s difficult _____ us to study all the subjects well. 3.(表原因)由于，因为 The hotel is famous ______ good service. 4.以……为价钱，付出He spent 200,000 yuan on the car. = He ______ the car ______ 200,000 yuan, = He ______ 200,000 yuan ______ the car. = The car ______ ______ 200,000 yuan.5.for +时间／距离：历时…，长达…He’s been away from home ______ two days.6.for（表所属）...的 Here is a letter ______ you. 7.for (conj) 因为 The ground is wet, _____ it rained last night.
for
for
bought for
paid for
cost him
for
for
for
8.常用短语 前往，开往 leave…for… 至于 as for 对……有好处 be good for 为……感到抱歉 be sorry for 因……感激某人 thank sb. for 寻找 look for
补充：
be thirsty for 渴望
wait for 等待
pay for 支付
care for 照顾
prepare for 为......做准备
stand for 代表
be for 支持
（六）about用法盘点 1.prep.“关于，对于……” I know nothing about it.2.adv.“大约，大概，将近”= around There are about / around six hundred people in the hall.3.adv.“四处” Look! The little fish is swimming about. Don’t throw litter about. Don’t throw it about.4.What / How about + (doing) sth. 表示建议
5.常用短语……怎么样？ What about 考虑 think about 担心 worry about 谈论 talk about 乱扔 throw about 在乎 care about 了解 know about
（七） around = round 用法盘点1.在……周围 环绕a.The moon moves around the earth.b.Would you please not pick flowers around us c.show sb. around sp. 带某人参观某地2.到处 walk around the factory look around3.大约= about around 10 dollars
（八）as 用法盘点1.副词，“如同，像……一样。” (do sth. as uaual)My father got back home at 6 p.m. as usual.2.介词，“当作，作为” I work as a nurse.3.连词，引导状语从句(1)引导比较状语从句，as…as，not as / so…as,中间用adj.或adv.原级His English is as _______ (好) as mine.He speaks English as ________(好) as me.(2)引导时间状语从句，“一边……一边”She sang as she danced.(3)引导原因状语从句“既然，由于”As it was raining hard, they stayed at home.(4)引导方式状语从句“按照，如同”Do as I told you. Don’t do it like this.
good
well
4.as与like“像……”的区别(1)like 介词，用于名词，代词宾格，动名词之前 as 连词+句子Like me, she likes different kinds of sports.She likes different of sports as I do.(2)表示职业，身份时的区别She worked as a teacher for many years.(她是老师。)My uncle always talks to me like a teacher. (不是老师，只是以老师的方式。)
5.常用短语至于 as for 好像 as if 比如 such as 据我所知as far as I know被当做……用 be used as sth. 正如你所知道的，看到的 as you know / see尽可能......as…as possible = as…as sb. can / could
补充：as usual 像往常一样
as a result 结果；作为结果
（九）up 用法盘点adv. / prep. 向上，在上方，起来常用短语：放弃give up 捡起pick up 查找look up 发射send up 给某人打电话 call sb.up 成长grow up 快点hurry up 起床get up醒来wake up 站起来 stand up下定决心 make up one’s mind 上下移动 move up and down 举手put up your hands 吃光 eat up用光use up 彻底打扫clean up 调高音量 turn up 编造make up使振作cheer up 熬夜stay up 想出（解决办法） come up with
（十）off 用法盘点 1.prep.离开，脱离fall off = fall down from 从……上掉下来keep off the grass不要踩草坪(远离草坪)2.adv. （电，自来水）停了cut off 切断 _____ off 脱下 turn off 关掉 _____ off 推迟（动副短语代词放中间）have two days off 休息两天= have a ___________ holiday_____ my next ______ _____ 在我下一个休息日
take
put
two-day
on day off
跟踪训练答案：
A B D C D A C B C B B D B C A
补充练习一：
1. ______ present现在 2. _____ one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 3. the key ______... ……的关键 4.stop sb._____doing sth. 阻止..做..
5. be proud ___对……感到自豪 6. be weak _____在……方面薄弱
7. be good _____对……有好处 8. be absent ______缺席
9. according _____根据 10.across _______在……对面
11. ______ all毕竟 12. ______ a result结果；作为结果
13. _____ least至少；不亚于 14. instead ______代替；而不是
15. thanks _____幸亏；由于 16. such ______ 例如
at
to
to
from
of
in
for
from
to
from
after
as
at
of
to
as
补充练习二
1. She sent her friend a card a present.
A. on B. as C. for D. of
2. The film is directed ______ Tim Burton.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
3. Alice was late ______ the party.
A. for B. to C. with D. of
4. She had been waiting ______ 10 years.
A. with B. for C. of D. at
5. Alice is the girl ______ blue.
A. with B. of C. in D. on
______
Summary
1. 介词基本用法
2. 介词短语的构成及用法
3. 十个常见介词用法
thanks