课件208张PPT。专题一 名词
专题二 动词
专题三 动词短语
专题四 形容词与副词
专题五 介词短语第一模块 多项选择目 录第一模块 多项选择第一模块 │ 考情分析 【考纲解读】
随着新课程改革的不断深入，《新课标》理念逐步深入人心。英语高考无论从形式还是内容上都在进行改革。近几年来湖北省高考英语试题中的“多项选择”题重点考查词汇知识，尤其是英语词汇的用法。从考查内容到考查形式都具有显著的特点。从2007年开始，湖北省站在改革的前沿，率先将这一题型由传统的考查语法知识改为着重考查词汇知识。湖北省高考英语考试大纲补充说明对这一部分的具体要求是：每题在一句或两句话中留出一个空白，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，其目的显然是考查学生在特定的语境中对英语词汇和常用短语的掌握和灵活运用的能力。
【命题透视】
分析湖北高考多项选择题部分，不难发现以下特点：
1．“多项选择”题体现了“注重基础、强调运用”的特点。
《教学大纲》明确要求：“教师应杜绝对学生进行单纯语言知识的传授和灌输，应结合他们的生活实际和今后使用英语的需要，通过大量语言实践和有意义的语言运用，帮助他们掌握语言知识、提高语言技能和实际运用英语的能力。”第一模块 │ 考情分析而“多项选择”题正是根据这一要求，做到了知识覆盖面广，考点分布合理。所考查的词类包括了名词、动词、动词短语、形容词和副词以及介词短语等，其中以实词为主。每一道试题都要求考生在特定的语境中理解其特定的含义，进行综合分析、判断才能作出最佳选择。逐步增强试题的综合性，不再考查简单的单个项目的语法知识，而更多地在语境中考查学生英语知识的运用。
2．“多项选择”题体现了“注重语境，突出能力”的特点。
题干的设置颇具特色，体现了英语的实用与交际功能，词汇知识的教学是英语教学的出发点，因此，对词汇知识的测试也是英语测试中的重点。第一模块 │ 考情分析词的意义通过语境来呈现，而语境的设置也合情合理，近三年的多项选择题明显反映出这样的特点，较长的题干提供了完整的、内容丰富的语境，信息量充足，命题信度较高，科学规范，要求考生在特定的语境中灵活运用词汇和语言知识来完成特定的任务，培养正确运用语境进行理解和交际的能力。把对词汇知识的考查结合在鲜活的语境中，成为高考命题的趋势与规律。近几年的湖北高考进一步强化语境因素，着重考查考生在一定的语境中运用基础知识的能力。第一模块 │ 考情分析 3．“多项选择”题拓宽了词汇的考查范围，主要体现在考纲内使用频率较低的词汇和增补词汇的考查。
试题选项大部分都是平时其他考区较少出现的词汇，有些词汇甚至比较生僻或不太常见，但这些词汇都是考纲词汇或湖北考区近年来的考试说明中的补充词汇。比如：2011年考查增补词汇negotiate；2012年考查增补词汇tentatively、subtle等。因此湖北卷该部分对考生的词汇知识和理解能力提出了较高的要求，考查难度明显高于其他考区。第一模块 │ 考情分析 4．“多项选择”题加大了词义的考查力度。
试题重点在于不同词义的辨析选择方面。除了意义上的辨析选择之外，对于词性的活用和一词多义现象也偶有涉及。比如： 2009年考查词性转移(名词动化)shelter“庇护”；2012年考查polish词义引申(本意为“擦亮，磨光”，引申义为“推敲，润色”。)等。第一模块 │ 考情分析第一模块 │ 应试点睛 湖北高考多项选择题从试题类型看，可分为“语境与词义辨析”和“习语与结构”两大类。在复习过程中，要注意针对《课程标准》所要求掌握的词汇，加强词汇方面的记忆，包括单词及短语的本义、引申义及常见的搭配；全面复习语法知识，重点是复习动词，提高对基础语法知识的运用能力。
一、 建立词汇概念，勤于总结与归纳
在备考中要对考纲词汇以及课本基础知识进行地毯式扫描，在脑海中建立一个完整的词汇知识体系。其内容包括：词语意义、同义词和近义词的辨析、反义词、短语及其固定搭配等。要特别重视高频词以及多义词汇的学习积累，比如：get, turn, take, put, go, give, break, come, keep, bring 等，像take就有take up，take off，take on，take in，take over等搭配，它们的意思都要区分清楚。像take这样的动词有很多，肯定经常遇到，要勤于去总结，随时记忆，随时复习，随时扩充。这样既能巩固前期复习的成果，又能逐步扩大词汇量，还能有效地利用每天的零碎时间突破词汇关。此外，在学习中，除了注重词汇基本意义的学习外，还要重视不同语境中词的意义和词性的转化。第一模块 │ 应试点睛 二、 归纳词汇考点，尊重教材和考纲
湖北高考多项选择题在英语词汇考核方面既强调基础性，又突出实用性和交际性。细看湖北卷近3年的多项选择题，试题中的考点都为教材中常见的词汇，答案选项没有一个是超纲或超教材的。因此我们平时在备考中，练习要忠实于教材，狠抓基础知识的落实和基本技能的培养，系统归纳和梳理词汇知识要点，掌握常见词汇的常见用法即可。同时，对于考纲中有而在平时试卷中出现的频率不高的词汇也应该适当注意。在最后的复习阶段，要有意识地加强对新增词汇和多义词的识记。 新增词汇不仅出现在多项选择题的题干里，还可能出现在阅读文章里；第一模块 │ 应试点睛对于多义词，不仅要记住这些词的常用含义，更要关注其使用较少的或特殊的含义，甚至可以把这类词汇按照词性进行系统的分类，认真比对近几年的高考试题，找出考点的位移变化和考点盲区，并进行针对性的训练。
总之，湖北英语卷多项选择题给我们的启示是：在学习备考中，不要盲目相信题海战术，而要忠实于教材，狠抓基础知识的落实和基本技能的培养，系统归纳和梳理词汇知识要点。要认真研究，勤于思考，大胆探索，在不断的阅读中领悟词的内涵，加深对词的理解和掌握。要善于将语法、语境和语言文化背景结合起来，多方面提高自己的阅读能力和对文章的欣赏水平。天道酬勤，只要坚持，相信一定会有收获。第一模块 │ 应试点睛专题一 名 词专题一 名 词专题一 │ 专题导读 湖北高考英语多项选择题每年有1—2题考查名词的用法，主要从下面几个方面进行考查：(1)名词在具体语境中的词义辨析，主要是不同词义的名词在特定语境中的最佳选择。(2)词形相似而词义不同的名词词义辨析，如：pattern、procedure、program、perspective。(3)同根词名词词义辨析，如：以-ence为词根的名词，consequence、independence、competence、intelligence等。其他：-tive/-ity/-ture/-ment等。(4)名词动化现象，如：trail作名词，意为“痕迹，小径”，作动词，意为“跟踪”；stem作名词，意为“树干”，作动词，意为“起源于”等。(5)名词与介词或动词的搭配。(6)固定句型中名词的运用和辨析。
在解答名词试题时要注意：准确理解题干语境的含义；注意从搭配、词语的本义、转换意义等多角度去考虑。此外2012年考纲新增补名词也是考查的重点，这类词有：
compliment (pl.)问候；赞扬 vt. 赞美，祝贺
circuit 电路，环行，巡行
corridor 走廊，通道
component 组成部分，组件专题一 │ 专题导读prohibition 禁止
dilemma 困境，进退两难的局面
seminar 研究会，讨论会
priority 优先权
dimension 尺寸，尺度
perspective 远景，观点
movables (pl.)家具，动产，个人财产
interval 间隔，休息，间距
highlight 突出，精彩场面vt.使明亮，使显著
recommendation 推荐，介绍；推荐信
heritage 遗产，继承物，传统专题一 │ 专题导读 1．[2012·湖北卷] The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
A．pattern B．procedure
C．program D．perspective专题一 │ 真题典例 [解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位官员坚称Michael没有遵循申请护照的正确程序。procedure(步骤，程序)为最佳答案。pattern模式，花样，样式；program程序，节目，计划；perspective观点，态度，透视法，景观。procedure和program均可表示“程序”，但procedure一般指办事的程序和步骤，而program则多指活动或计算机运行程序。该处应该指的是申请护照的正确程序。专题一 │ 真题典例 2．[2012·湖北卷] It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.
A．symptom B．similarity
C．sample D．shadow
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：定期检查眼睛以便查清可能没有产生任何(不适)症状的眼疾是很重要的。symptom(症状)为最佳答案。similarity相似性；sample样品；shadow阴影，都不符合句意。专题一 │ 真题典例 3．[2011·湖北卷] “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
A. anger B. rudeness
C. regret D. panic
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着一种惊慌。根据语境可知答案为D项，with panic意为“惊慌地”。rudeness粗鲁；anger生气；regret后悔，遗憾。专题一 │ 真题典例 4．[2011·湖北卷] Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________， but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment
C. competition D. ambition
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：放弃我的工作回到全日制的教育是一个巨大的付出，但现在我知道这是我有生以来做出的最好的决定。a big commitment意为“一个巨大的付出”。其他答案均不合语境。专题一 │ 真题典例 5．[2010·湖北卷] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area
C. range D. circle
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型的人群。“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”，符合题意。专题一 │ 真题典例 6．[2010·湖北卷] After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation
C. equipment D. furniture
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震过后当地政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的人们提供住宿。accommodation意为“住处”，符合句意。occupation意为“占用”或者“工作，职业”；furniture意为“家具”；equipment意为“设备，器材”。专题一 │ 真题典例 7．[2012·江西卷] You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________.
A. purpose B. reference
C. progress D. memory
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。purpose意为“目的，意图”；reference意为“参考，查阅”；progress意为“进步”；memory意为“记忆”。由句意“你最好写下那家饭馆的电话号码以供日后查阅”可知，B项正确。专题一 │ 真题典例 8．[2012·福建卷] —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________.So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent C．ability D．skill
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。根据语境，说话人选择在国际旅行社工作是因为英语是其强项。strength强项；talent天才；ability能力； skill技术。专题一 │ 真题典例 9．[2012·江苏卷] — Can I help you with it?
— I appreciate your ________， but I can manage it myself.
A. advice B. question
C. offer D. idea
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我来帮你好吗？”“很感谢你的提议，但是我自己能行。”offer“提供，提议”，指对方主动提出的帮助，符合语境。advice劝告，建议；question问题；idea想法。专题一 │ 真题典例 10．[2012·全国卷Ⅱ] The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ________ in this city.
A．quantity B．progress
C．production D．demand
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。 前面的popular表示“受欢迎”，所以后面指“大量需要”。quantity数量；progress进步；production生产；demand需要。in great demand大量需要，是一个固定短语。专题一 │ 真题典例 11．[2012·山东卷] My first ________ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A. expression B. attention
C. satisfaction D. impression
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：我对他的第一印象就是——他是一个善良而体贴的小伙子。impression意为“印象”，符合句意。expression 表情，表达；attention 注意；satisfaction 满意。专题一 │ 真题典例 12．[2012·四川卷] He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It's just a matter of ________.
A．luck B．value
C．time D．fact
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他迟早会理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间问题。根据句意选C。专题一 │ 真题典例 13．[2012·天津卷] You are working too hard. You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead
C．balance D．diary
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。根据句意“你工作太努力了，你最好在工作与休闲之间找到一个平衡点”可知选C。专题一 │ 真题典例 14．[2012·浙江卷] Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A．operation B．growth
C．performance D．character
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意表示“作为学生，如果你能养成反思自己的所学所得的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色”，所以这里performance表示“表现，表演”。operation表示“手术，操作”；growth表示“成长”；character表示“性格”，都不符合句意，所以选C。专题一 │ 真题典例 15．[2011·福建卷] The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major________of global climate change.
A. result B. cause
C. warning D. reflection
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。句意：公众环保习惯的缺失被认为是全球气候改变的一个主要原因。因此该题选B。 专题一 │ 真题典例专题一 │ 新题预测 1．In human societies violence has a social ________： it is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order.
A．element B．contribution
C．target D．fun_ction
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人类社会中，暴力行为有着社会作用——它是创造或者毁坏社会秩序的一种策略。element意为“要素；元素”；contribution意为“贡献，捐款”；target意为“目标，对象，靶”；fun_ction意为“职务，功能”。根据句意可知D项正确。 2．In the near future, more ________ in the space technology will be made by scientists.
A. advantages B. adventures
C. advances D. advertisements
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久的将来，科学家会在太空科技方面取得更大的进步。advantage意为“优点，有利条件”；adventure意为“冒险”；advance意为“前进，进展”；advertisement意为“广告”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 3．A university town is one where there is no clear________ between the university buildings and the rest of the city.
A. division B．separation
C. category D. block
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学城就是大学建筑与城市其他部分没有明显分界的地方。division意为“划分，部门”；separation意为“分离，分隔”；category意为“种类，类别”；block意为“街区，木块”。根据句意可知B项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 4．Even if he has been a teacher for 20 years, Peter has a good and serious attitude towards his work, for which he gains a lot of________.
A．competence B．motivation
C．expectation D．recognition
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使彼得当老师已经20年了，他对于自己的工作还是抱着良好认真的态度，这为他赢得了广泛的认可。competence意为“能力，胜任”；motivation意为“动机，积极性”；expectation意为“预料，期望”；recognition意为“认出，赏识”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 5．Kim Jong-Il, former top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi were both dead at the age of 69. Some people jokingly think that's a(n)________．
A. accident B. consequence
C. symptom D. coincidence
专题一 │ 新题预测 [解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：朝鲜民主主义人民共和国前最高领导人金正日和前利比亚领导人穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲都是在69岁去世的，有人开玩笑地认为这是一个巧合。accident意为“事故，意外”；consequence意为“结果，后果，影响”；symptom意为“症状，征兆”；coincidence意为“巧合，一致，同时发生”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 6．In blind date TV shows, being cruelly or politely rejected is sometimes the price participants have to pay for making an ________ of the love in their eyes.
A. announcement B. appointment
C. acquaintance D. alternative
专题一 │ 新题预测 [解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在电视相亲节目中，被残酷或者礼貌地拒绝有时是参与者为了认识他们眼中的爱人必须付出的代价。announcement意为“宣布，声明”；appointment意为“约会，任命”；acquaintance意为“熟人，相识，了解”；alternative意为“二者择一，供替代的选择”。 make an acquaintance of意为“结识，了解”，根据句意可知C项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 7．There is an obvious ________ between the cultures of the West and East.
A. content B. contract
C. contrast D. contact
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化间有着明显的差别。content意为“内容，含量”；contract意为“合同，契约”；contrast意为“对比，差别”；contact意为“接触，联系”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 8．As the quality of the city's air continues to give rise to ________， the residents are encouraged to set off fewer fireworks.
A.concerns B．compromise
C．descriptions D．emergency
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着城市空气质量持续引起担忧，居民被鼓励少放烟火。concern意为“担心，忧虑”；compromise意为“妥协，和解”；description意为“描述”；emergency意为“突发事件”。根据句意可知A项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 9．It's reported that Steve Jobs passed away on Wednesday Oct. 5, 2011. What's your ________ of the loss that his death has brought about to Apple?
A. association B. assumption
C. assessment D. appointment
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：史蒂夫·乔布斯于2011年10月5日去世，对于他去世给苹果公司带来的损失你看法如何？association意为“协会，联合”； assumption意为“假定，设想”； assessment意为“评价，评估”； appointment意为“约会，任命”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题一 │ 新题预测 10．Jobs once described his ________ as trying to make products that were at “the intersection(相交) of art and technology”．
A．technology B．geography
C．biology D．philosophy
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔布斯曾描述他的人生哲学就是努力去生产“艺术和科技结合”的产品。technology工艺，技术；geography地理学；biology生物学；philosophy哲学，人生哲学，宗旨，见解。 专题一 │ 新题预测专题一 │ 备用习题 1．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional________.
A. consequence B. independence
C. competence D. intelligence
[解析] C 考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“结果”；B项意为“独立”；C项意为“能力”；D项意为“智力”。根据句意“老师们必须不断地更新他们的知识，目的是始终保持他们的专业能力。”可知选C合适。 2．What's the________， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?
A．sympathy B．theme
C．object D．point
[解析] D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：依你之见，如果他自己不努力帮助自己的话，帮他还有什么意义？A项“同情”；B项“主题”；C项“物体，目标”；D项“重点，意义”；根据题意可知答案选D。专题一 │ 备用习题 3．There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance
C．concern D. relationship
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们办公室有一个传统，当有人过生日的时候，他们会买一个蛋糕和大家一起分享。tradition“传统，惯例”，符合句意。balance平衡；concern担心，忧虑；relationship关系；均不符合句意。专题一 │ 备用习题 4．Anyway，I can't cheat him—it's against all my________.
A．emotions B．principles
C．regulations D．opinions
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。由句意“无论如何我不能欺骗他——这违背了我的(做人)原则”可知，此处选principles，表示“避难所，原则，原则性”。emotion表示“情感”；regulation表示“规矩，规则”；opinion表示“观点，看法”。专题一 │ 备用习题 5．My flight was late and I missed the ________.
A. connection B. condition
C. organization D. cooperation
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：航班晚点，我没赶上转机。connection 联运；转车；转机。
专题一 │ 备用习题 6．After designing some experiments, they were able to clarify the________ by which bees communicate information that they use to find and fetch food.
A. procedure B. access
C. method D. approach
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在设计了一些实验之后，终于能阐明蜜蜂找到食物以及去取食物的信息交流的步骤。procedure步骤，手续；access通道，入口，接近，进入，一般与介词to搭配；method办法，方式；approach接近，临近，途径，方式，方法。从语境看，这里表示交流寻找、发现和去取食物的信息，表示“步骤”，因此选A。专题一 │ 备用习题 7．Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety
C. defense D. shelter
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“避难所，掩蔽，保护”。专题一 │ 备用习题 8．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good________.
A. expectation B. reputation
C. contribution D. civilization
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名医生精于心脏病的治疗，并且从不收取病人的任何礼物，因此他的口碑很好。reputation 意为“名声”，符合句意。其他：expectation期望；contribution贡献；civilization文明。专题一 │ 备用习题 9．Nowadays senior high school students are burdened with too many________， which is making them less and less confident.
A. motivations B. expectations
C. amusements D. opportunities
[解析] B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今的高中学生肩负着他人太多的期待，这使他们越来越不自信。motivation动机，目的；expectation期待，预期；amusement娱乐；opportunity机会，时机。语境提到他们“肩负着”，那么不是负担着“动机”、“娱乐”或“机会”，而是肩负别人对他们的“期待”，因此选B。专题一 │ 备用习题 10．The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a(n)________ about nature among his students.
A. curiosity B. habit
C. ability D. independence
[解析] A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位老师想让他的学生更多地了解现代科学，努力培养学生对大自然的好奇心。空后又有介词about，所以推出本题选A，表示“好奇心”。habit习惯；ability能力；independence独立性。专题一 │ 备用习题专题二 动 词专题二 动 词专题二 │ 专题导读 动词考查面广、灵活度强，是高考试卷的热点，也是湖北卷的必考点。每年全国各地高考试题有关核心词汇的考查达几十题，而湖北卷一般为2题。设题主要是给出四个含义不同的动词来测试考生在具体语境中对动词意义的理解和运用能力。湖北多项选择题对动词的考查有如下特点：(1)主要考查动词的词义辨析，但较少涉及动词的近义词词义辨析。(2)考查内容包括常见动词的常见意义，一词多义，以及词类转换和词义拓展，如：sniff vt.意为“闻，嗅”，可以引申为“嗤之以鼻”等。 总之，湖北卷对动词的考查难度在逐渐增大，学习时要注意对高考词汇表中常见动词的多种意义加以巩固，并学会利用语境展开适当的联想，注意词义和词性在不同语境中的迁移和变化。此外，2012年考纲新增补动词也是考查的重点，这类词有：
condemn 谴责
contradict 反驳，否认
convert 使转变，使改变
demonstrate 说明，论证，示威
deposit 使沉淀，存放
emerge 出现，涌现，冒出专题二 │ 专题导读 exaggerate 夸大，夸张
withdraw 收回；撤退
squeeze 榨，挤；压榨
polish 磨光
reckon 估计，猜想，认为
slap 掴，拍
sponsor 发起，资助，赞助 专题二 │ 专题导读 1．[2012?湖北卷] Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.
A．approved B．quoted
C．polished D．folded
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。题空处意为：导师给我的论文草稿每一页都修改、润色了。polish 润色，修改；approve赞成，同意；quote引用，引证；fold折叠，A、B、D三项均不符合题意。
专题二 │ 真题典例 2．[2012?湖北卷] Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to________ our school's campaign “Help the Needy”， which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A．sponsor B．launch
C．organize D．plan
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。根据题意，两名律师捐赠了五万美元资助我校的“帮助需要的人”的活动，可知最佳答案为A(赞助，资助)。launch发射，发起；organize组织；plan计划，均不符合题意。专题二 │ 真题典例 3．[2011?湖北卷] Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful but they may also ________ our thinking.
A. direct B. limit
C. change D. improve
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们想要成功，知识和学习都是重要的，但是，它们也许也会限制我们的思维。direct指导，引导；improve提高，改善；change改变，变化。根据语境只有B项“限制”符合句意。专题二 │ 真题典例 4．[2011?湖北卷] The minister said, “ We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we'll never ________ with criminals.”
A. negotiate B. quarrel
C. argue D. consult
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位部长说：“我们已经做好准备和那些合法党派进行讨论了，但是我们是永远不会和那些犯罪的人谈判的。”argue讨论，辩论，争辩；consult咨询，查阅；quarrel吵架，争吵。根据语境只有A项“谈判”符合句意。专题二 │ 真题典例 5．[2011?湖北卷] Clinical evidence began to ________， suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate B. strengthen
C. approve D. accumulate
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：临床证据开始增多，表明与之前在试验动物身上的预测相比，这种新药将会运用于更加广泛而有用的活动中去。strengthen加强；approve赞成；operate动手术，操作。根据语境只有D项“积累”符合句意。专题二 │ 真题典例 6．[2010?湖北卷] Duty is an act or a course of action that people ________ you to take by social customs, law or religion.
A. persuade B. request
C. instruct D. expect
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：义务是人们根据社会习惯、法律或宗教，期望某人应采取的某行动或一连串的行动。expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期待/希望某人做某事”。专题二 │ 真题典例 7．[2010?湖北卷] Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ________ his personality.
A. resembles B. strengthens
C. reflects D. shapes
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect。resemble相似；strengthen加强，巩固； shape塑造。专题二 │ 真题典例 8．[2012?江西卷] We were all agreed that the cottage would________ a perfect holiday home for the family.
A. make B. turn
C. take D. have
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为那间(乡村)小屋可以成为这个家庭的一个极好的假日之家。make意为“使成为”，符合语境。turn意为“使改变方向，转动”；take意为“带走”；have意为“有”。专题二 │ 真题典例 9．[2012?全国课标卷] If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will ________ her.
A．persuade B．promise
C．invite D．support
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不能说服她。根据句意选A。persuade说服；promise许诺；invite 邀请； support支持。专题二 │ 真题典例 10．[2012?天津卷] Parents and children should communicate more to ________ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open B．narrow
C．widen D．leave
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。根据后面的 “…so that they can understand each other better”可知选narrow(缩小)。专题二 │ 真题典例 11．[2012?浙江卷] According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to ________ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A．differ B．shrink
C．fail D．decline
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据科学家的观点，我们的大脑能力在22岁达到顶峰，然后从27岁开始逐渐下滑。differ表示“与……不同”；shrink表示“收缩”；fail表示“失败”，都与语境不符。故选D项。专题二 │ 真题典例 12．[2011?安徽卷] As the story________， the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A. begins B．happens
C. ends D. develops
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着故事的发展，关于那个奇怪的人物的真相慢慢地被发现了。空白处应填develop，表示“发展”。专题二 │ 真题典例 13．[2011?福建卷] I'd prefer to________ my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A. show B. express
C. pass D. reserve
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。根据语境“我在找到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断。”可知选D。专题二 │ 真题典例 14．[2011?江苏卷] —Are you still mad at her?
— Not really, but I can't________ that her remarks hurt me.
A. deny B. refuse
C. reject D. decline
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“否认”；B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“拒绝，抵制”；D项意为“下降，谢绝”。根据句意“你仍然生她的气吗？”“不完全是，但是我无法否认她的评论伤了我。”可知选A项。专题二 │ 真题典例 15．[2011?辽宁卷] You are old enough to________your own living.
A．win B. gain
C. take D. earn
[解析] D 考查动词搭配。earn one's living的意思是“自谋生计”，符合句意“你已经足够成熟了，应该自谋生计了”。专题二 │ 真题典例专题二 │ 新题预测 1．The organizing committee announces that tickets at the Grand Stadium are limited and will be ________ to those who apply first.
A. advocated B. allocated
C. approved D. acquired
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：组委会宣称大体育场的票有限，将分配给先申请的人。advocate意为“提倡，主张”；allocate意为“分派，分配”；approve意为“批准，赞成”；acquire意为“获得，学到”。根据句意可知B项正确。 2．To be honest, we ________ that there have been dreadful mistakes and inexcusable mistreatment in the past, but we have learned a lot from them.
A. appreciate B. accumulate
C. assess D. acknowledge
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我们过去的确是犯过可怕的错误和不可饶恕的暴行，但从中我们也获益颇多。appreciate意为“欣赏，感激”；accumulate意为“积累，增加”；assess意为“评定，估算”；acknowledge意为“承认”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 3．Scientists haven't ________ the cause but believe it may be the result of several factors in combination.
A．distinguished B．declared
C．recognized D．identified
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们还没确定原因，但相信这可能是由于几个因素结合的结果。distinguish意为“区别，辨认，使显著”；declare意为“宣布(声明)，申报”；recognize意为“承认，认出，意识到”； identify意为“鉴定，识别，认同”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 4．Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the company, I think, won't ________ either of them, for they are unrealistic.
A. abolish B. comment
C. approve D. overlook
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你和他的计划听起来很新颖，但我认为公司不会赞成任何一个，因为它们都不切实际。abolish意为“废除，消灭”；comment意为“评论，注释”；approve意为“批准，赞成”；overlook意为“俯瞰，忽视”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 5．In a formal football match, each team can have three players to ________ their teammates when necessary.
A. replace B. substitute
C. represent D. exchange
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在正式的足球比赛中，每个队可以有三名队员在必要时作替补。substitute意为“替代，顶替”，符合句意。replace意为“替换，调换”；represent意为“代表”；exchange意为“交换”。专题二 │ 新题预测 6．Three years ago, a society was set up to ________ the endangered animals and plants from dying out in this area.
A. obtain B. preserve
C. observe D. deserve
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年前，一个协会被建立起来保护这个地区的濒临灭绝的动植物。obtain意为“获得，得到”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；observe意为“观察，遵守”；deserve意为“应受，值得”。 preserve from意为“保护……使不受害或损失”，根据句意可知B项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 7．Their lack of qualifications ________ them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid work.
A．devoted B．referred
C．condemned D．classified
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：资历不够使他们一辈子只能做枯燥低薪的工作。devote意为“致力于；奉献给”；refer意为“参考，谈及”；condemn意为“谴责，使……注定，判刑”；classify意为“分类；归类”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 8．To maintain national balance, the government has ________ a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
A. observed B. abandoned
C. adopted D. modified
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为维持国家的平衡，政府已经采取政策，鼓励大学毕业生在农村地区就业。observe意为“观察，遵守，注意到”；abandon意为“抛弃，放纵”；adopt意为“采用，收养”；modify意为“修改，更改”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 9．The copyright administrative authorities may take away their illegal income or ________ a fine on them.
A. expose B. impose
C. oppose D. suppose
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：著作权行政管理部门可能收走他们的非法收入或者对他们处以罚款。expose意为“揭露，使面临，使暴露”；impose意为“推行，强加，征收”；oppose意为“反对，对抗”；suppose意为“假设，认为”。根据句意可知B项正确。专题二 │ 新题预测 10．Do not fear them; for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
A.criticized B．defined
C．estimated D．revealed
[解析] D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要害怕他们，因为掩盖的事没有不被揭露的，隐藏的事没有不被知道的。criticize意为“批评，评论”；define意为“给……下定义，明确”；estimate意为“估算，估价”；reveal意为“揭示，透露”。根据句意可知D项正确。
专题二 │ 新题预测专题二 │ 备用习题 1.You‘d better wash the shirt in cold water, or the color will________.
A．lose B．go C．run D．drop
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。根据语境，你最好在凉水里洗这件衬衣，否则它会褪色。其中run是指“褪色，掉色”。 2．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to________.
A．disappear B．fall
C．fail D．damage
[解析] C 考查动词词义辨析。fail在这里表示“衰退”。B项有一定的干扰性，fall一般指“落下，下降”，而从was beginning to表示“逐渐”来看，我们可以排除B项。专题二 │ 备用习题 3．I admit I made a lot of mistakes in the work，and I will ________responsibility for them.
A．secure B．assume
C．decline D．accept
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认在工作中我犯了许多错误，我会为之承担责任。此处assume意为：承担(责任)。专题二 │ 备用习题 4．Nancy asked Smith to take tea with her. He________， fearing to cause her inconvenience.
A．ignored B．declined
C．resisted D．cancelled
[解析] B ignore 表示“不顾，不理，忽视”，含有视而不见、不加理会等含义；decline 表示“下降，衰退，谢绝”；resist 表示“反抗，抵制；抗，耐，拒受……的影响”；cancel 表示“取消，废除”。语境提到“请他喝茶”和“害怕带来不方便”，可见这里表示谢绝了对方的盛情邀请，因此选B。专题二 │ 备用习题 5．When I arrived I saw the place was already ________ by two strangers in uniforms.
A. conquered B. occupied
C. possessed D. owned
[解析] B 考查动词辨析。语境表示这个地方已经被别人占领了，用动词occupy表示“占据，占有，占领”。专题二 │ 备用习题 6．It is required that all traffic participants should________the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.
A. perform B. observe
C. support D. possess
[解析] B 考查动词辨析。此处observe the traffic rules为固定表达，意为“遵守交通法规”，据此选B项。专题二 │ 备用习题 7．The middle-aged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.
A.confirm B．convey
C．convince D．consider
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。confirm承认；确认；convey传递；convince说服；consider考虑。根据句意选A。专题二 │ 备用习题 8.In our school students are ________ according to how much they know and how old they are.
A.classified B．combined
C．condemned D．betrayed
[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。此处classify意为：分类。句意：在我们的学校，学生按他们知道的多少和年龄分班。专题二 │ 备用习题 9．From facts, scientists have ________ that more energy is being absorbed from the sun, throwing the earth's energy “out of balance”．
A. confirmed B. concluded
C. concentrated D. centred
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。此处concluded意为：得出结论。confirm承认，确认；concentrate集中(注意力)，聚精会神；centre把……放在中央。专题二 │ 备用习题 10．Hearing that most of the members voted against her, she ________ a smile.
A．wore B. managed
C．performed D．controlled
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。此处manage a smile意为：强作笑脸。wear穿着，戴着；perform表演；control控制。专题二 │ 备用习题专题三 动词短语专题三 动词短语专题三 │ 专题导读 湖北高考英语多项选择题对动词短语的考查平均每年都有1—2题。此类试题有如下特点：(1)只考查短语的含义，不考查语法的变化。(2)答案选项的呈现形式日趋复杂化和多样性，无明显的规律和特征。主要包括三种形态：①以动词为词源，展开介词或副词的变化；②以介词或副词为词源，展开动词的变化；③动词与介词、副词交叉搭配。其中，第三种设题方式逐渐成为热点。在动词短语的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词的考查，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。
在备考过程中要注意对动词短语进行归纳、比较，熟练掌握常见动词短语的基本含义以及转换意义。比如动词短语pick up在词典上就有近十种含义，再比如call up可表示“(从计算机上)调出(信息)”，只有全面掌握动词短语的常见含义，做题时才能明白动词短语的不同意思，并且能区别相似短语的意义，从而选出正确答案。 专题三 │ 专题导读 1．[2012?湖北卷] Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A．hold up B．keep up
C．set up D．take up
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。根据句意“这个男孩独自走在黑暗中，吹着口哨以保持(继续)前进的勇气”，所以最佳答案为B(保持，使不低落)。hold up举起，支撑，使停顿；set up建立；take up拿起，占用，开始做，从事；A、C、D三项均不符合题意。专题三 │ 真题典例 2．[2012?湖北卷] I'm so glad you've come here to ________ this matter in person.
A．lead to B．see to
C．turn to D．refer to
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很高兴您能亲自来这里处理这件事情。所以最佳答案为B(处理，料理)。lead to 导致，通向；turn to转向，求助于；refer to查阅，谈论，提及，均不符合题意。专题三 │ 真题典例 3．[2011?湖北卷] The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down B. bring down
C. hand down D. tear down
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格，以保持市场的稳定。tear down拆除；hand down传递，流传；take down拆卸，记录。根据语境只有B项“使……降低”符合句意。专题三 │ 真题典例 4．[2010?湖北卷] Had she________her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A. looked up to B. lived up to
C. kept up with D. come up with
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。look up to抬头看，尊重；keep up with跟上；come up with想出；提出。只有live up to“履行，实行”符合题意。专题三 │ 真题典例 5. [2012?江西卷] I've ________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A. come into B. gone into
C. got into D. run into
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我已经养成了从学校回家时顺路拜访我祖父母的习惯。get into意为“养成，学会，习惯于”，符合语境。come into意为“进入；参加”；go into意为“进入；从事；调查”；run into意为“猛撞；偶然遇见；遇到(困难)”。专题三 │ 真题典例 6．[2012?安徽卷] The athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A. went on B. got through
C. paid off D. ended up
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。pay off意为“得到好结果，取得成功”。专题三 │ 真题典例 7．[2012?福建卷] You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A．set aside B．take up
C．put away D．give out
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你最好每天留出一些时间运动以保持充沛的精力。set aside留出，拨出；take up占据；put away收起来；give out分发。专题三 │ 真题典例 8．[2012?江苏卷] — OK, I've had enough of it. I give up.
— You can't ________ your responsibilities.
A. run off with B. run up against
C. run out of D. run away from
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知答句表示“你不能逃避责任”，故run away from“躲避，逃避”正确。run off with偷走；与……私奔；run up against偶遇；run out of用完。专题三 │ 真题典例 9．[2012?课标全国卷] Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ________ almost every word her teacher says.
A．put out B．put down
C．put away D．put together
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。put out熄灭； put down记下，写下；put away收拾，放好；put together放在一起。句意：玛丽非常擅长在课上记笔记。她几乎能把老师说的每个词都写下来。专题三 │ 真题典例 10．[2012?辽宁卷] Rod loves ________ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.
A．taking apart B．giving away
C．making up D．turning off
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。从put them together我们知道，Rod喜欢拆钟表，而take apart就是“拆开”的意思。句意：Rod喜欢拆钟表，然而他从来不能成功把钟表再安装起来。give away分发，捐赠，泄露某事或出卖某人；make up组成，化妆，虚构；turn off关闭。专题三 │ 真题典例 11．[2012?全国卷Ⅱ] We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A．set about B．set up
C．set out D．set down
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。 根据句意空白处表示“开始做某事”，用set out to do sth。 set about与其意义相同，但是后面跟动名词形式；set up建立；set down 写下，记下。专题三 │ 真题典例 12．[2012?陕西卷] He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ________.
A．broke in B．broke up
C．broke out D．broke down
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。break in打断，闯入；break up结束，散开，分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉，出毛病，抛锚。句意：他不得不时不时地停下来擦去额头上的汗水，因为空调出毛病了。故选D。专题三 │ 真题典例专题三 │ 新题预测 1．Over the years she had tried her best to ________ the terrible memory, but it was not an easy task.
A. live on B. block out C. bring back D. call up
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来她一直想要封闭那段可怕的回忆，但这一点儿都不容易。live on意为“靠……过活，以……为主食，继续存在”； block out意为“挡住，遮住，忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)”；bring back意为“带回来，使记起，使恢复”； call up意为“给……打电话，使想起”。根据句意可知B项正确。 2．The rise in the use of the wood fuel has ________ the disappearance of forest and the loss of habitats for pandas.
A. relied on B. resulted from
C. set off D. contributed to
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：木头燃料使用的增加导致了森林的消失和熊猫栖息地的减少。rely on意为“依靠，信赖”；result from意为“起因于”；set off意为“出发，使爆炸，激起”；contribute to意为“促成，为……捐款/撰稿”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题三 │ 新题预测 3．It's surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
A．picked up B．looked up
C．put up D．made up
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。pick up此处意为“(无意之间、偶然地)学会”；look up意为“(在书籍中)查找”；put up意为“举起；张贴；搭建”；make up意为“构成；编造”。句意：令人惊奇的是，你弟弟这么快就学会俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。根据句意选A。专题三 │ 新题预测 4．Don't be so discouraged. If you ________such feelings, you will feel better next time.
A. carry on B. get back
C. break down D. put away
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要这么沮丧，如果你能收起这些情绪，下次你会感觉好些的。carry on意为“继续进行”；get back意为“取回来，恢复”；break down意为“打破，把……分解，崩溃”；put away意为“收拾，放好，打消”。根据句意可知D项正确。专题三 │ 新题预测 5．Without any better alternatives, the committee eventually accepted his scheme, though still skeptical whether it would ________.
A．pick up B．set out
C．pay off D．take in
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有更好的办法，委员会最终接受了他的方案，尽管能否成功仍值得怀疑。pick up意为“捡起，接人，(偶然)学会”；set out意为“出发，开始”；pay off意为“偿清(欠款等)，取得成功，有报偿”；take in意为“接受，理解，包括，欺骗”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题三 │ 新题预测 6．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ________ preparing your business plan.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：收集到信息后，你能够开始准备你的商业计划了。set about表示“开始做，着手做……”，其后跟动名词形式。set out意为“开始从事……”，后接to do；set off表示“出发；使爆炸；引起(某反应)”；set up表示“搭建”，都与语境不符，所以选B项。专题三 │ 新题预测 7．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A. come across B. care about
C. look for D. focus upon
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你碰到有瑕疵的自行车，但是你仍然想买下它，就让店员降低价格。come across“碰到，偶然遇到”；care about“关心；在乎”；look for“寻找”；focus upon“使集中于……”。
专题三 │ 新题预测 8．He can't seem to ________ to a steady job; every two years or so he quits it, moves to another city and starts again.
A．settle down B．settle in
C．settle up D．settle on
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他似乎不能找一份固定的工作安定下来，大概每隔两年他就放弃，搬去另一个城市重新开始。settle down意为“安下心来，定居，习惯于某种生活方式或职业”；settle in意为“迁入，适应”，不与to搭配；settle up意为“付清，还清欠款”；settle on意为“选定”。根据句意可知A项正确。专题三 │ 新题预测 9．According to today's paper, the fine weather will ________ for a few days. Let's go picnicking this weekend, OK?
A．stay up B．keep up
C．clear up D．make up
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据今天的报纸，好天气会持续几天。我们这周末去野餐，好吗？stay up意为“熬夜”；keep up意为“保持，继续”；clear up意为“打扫，清理，(天气)放晴”；make up意为“组成，编造，化妆”。根据句意可知B项正确。专题三 │ 新题预测 10．Born into a family with three brothers, David was________ to value the sense of sharing.
A. brought up B. turned down
C. looked after D. held back
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：戴维家有三兄弟，所以他在成长过程中珍视分享意识。bring up意为“教育，养育”。 专题三 │ 新题预测专题三 │ 备用习题 1．The company is discussing the new idea that you________for increasing sales.
A．came up to B．came up with
C．came along D．came across
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：公司正在讨论你提出来的增加销售的新理念。此处come up with意为“提出”。 3．We should know that we can only reach the top if we are ready to ________ and learn from failure.
A．deal with B．stick to
C．carry on D．go with
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。此处deal with意为“处理，对付”。句意：我们应知道：如果我们准备好对付失败并且从失败中吸取教训，我们就能到达顶点。专题三 │ 备用习题 3．We should know that we can only reach the top if we are ready to ________ and learn from failure.
A．deal with B．stick to
C．carry on D．go with
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。此处deal with意为“处理，对付”。句意：我们应知道：如果我们准备好对付失败并且从失败中吸取教训，我们就能到达顶点。专题三 │ 备用习题 4．Elizabeth took up writing while she was at college and regularly________the college magazine, which benefited her later career a lot.
A．waited for B．appealed to
C．contributed to D．came for
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。此处contribute to the college magazine意为：给大学杂志投稿。
专题三 │ 备用习题 5．[2011?江苏卷] —You look upset. What's the matter?
—I had my proposal________ again.
A. turned over B. turned on
C. turned off D. turned down
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“移交”；B项意为“打开”；C项意为“关闭”；D项意为“拒绝”。根据句意“你看上去很沮丧。出什么事了？”“我的提议又被拒绝了。”可知选D项。专题三 │ 备用习题 6．You can't predict everything. Often things don't ________ as you expect.
A．run out B．break out
C．work out D．put out
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不能预料到所有的事情；有些事情的结果往往和你料想的不一样。A项“用光”；B项“爆发”；C项“产生结果；解决；制定”；D项“扑灭；出版”，根据句意答案选C。专题三 │ 备用习题 7．The exam results will be________on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off
C. put up D. put away
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。put down 写下，放下，镇压；put off 延期，推迟；put up 举起，张贴，公布，搭建；put away 放好。根据句意“考试结果会在周五下午公布”可知答案为C。专题三 │ 备用习题 8．I can________ the house being untidy，but I hate it if it's not clean.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．turn to D．stick to
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。说话人表达的是“我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是……”。put up with在这里的意思是“忍受”。其他选项中，come up with想出；turn to转向，求助于，翻到；stick to坚持。专题三 │ 备用习题 9. They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic.
A．put off B．speed up
C．turn on D．work out
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们正在加宽桥梁以提高车流的速度。put off推迟，延期；speed up(使)加快速度；turn on打开(开关、电器等)；work out计算出，解决，制定，锻炼，以某种方式发展。根据句意只有B项符合语境。专题三 │ 备用习题 10．Some insects________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off
C. take on D. take out
[解析] C 考查动词短语辨析。take in“吸收；欺骗”；take off “脱掉；起飞；成名”；take on“呈现，显现”；take out“拿出，取出”。句意：一些昆虫可以呈现它们周围环境的颜色来保护自己。故选C。专题三 │ 备用习题专题四 形容词与副词专题四 形容词与副词专题四 │ 专题导读 湖北卷多项选择题对形容词和副词的考查主要是词义辨析，不包括形容词与副词其他方面的用法。此类试题有如下特点：(1)试题难度和题数在适当增加，所考查的词汇相对较生僻、不常用。很多试题尽管选项含义不同，却很难根据句意迅速确定答案。(2)试题更强调语境理解能力的考查。几乎每个题干都比较长，有丰富的语境和适当的干扰。在复习备考中，要全面掌握考纲要求的词汇，对于出现频率不是很高的以及拼写较长的形容词、副词要尤其引起重视。此外，2012年考纲新增补的形容词和副词也是考查的重点，这类词有：abnormal 不正常的，变态的
authentic 真实的，可靠的，可信的
contradictory 互相矛盾的，对立的
controversial 争论的，争议的
deliberate 故意的，小心翼翼的，不慌不忙的
enormous 巨大的，庞大的
consistent 始终如一的，持续的，一致的
optional 可以选择的
parallel 平行的
random 随机的专题四 │ 专题导读sniff 嗤之以鼻的
subtle 微妙的，精巧的
superb 壮丽的，超等的
tentative 暂定的，不确定的，不果断的
ultimate 最后的，最终的
virtually 实际上，事实上
deliberately 审慎地，蓄意地，故意地
stiffly 呆板地，顽固地，僵硬地 专题四 │ 专题导读 1．[2012?湖北卷] Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained ________； people are still looking for other possible solutions.
A．unchallenged B．relevant
C．controversial D．contradictory
[解析] C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据后面语境“人们仍然在寻找其他可能的解决方案”可知controversial(引起争议的，有争议的)最符合题意。unchallenged未受到挑战的；relevant相关的；contradictory矛盾的，均不符合题意。专题四 │ 真题典例 2．[2012?湖北卷] “Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested ________ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
A．tentatively B．thoughtlessly
C．definitely D．rudely
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。根据句首的perhaps可知父亲提建议并不是十分肯定，tentatively (试探性地，不肯定地)为最佳答案。thoughtlessly粗心大意地，欠考虑地；definitely无疑地，确定地；rudely 粗鲁地，均不符合题意。专题四 │ 真题典例 3．[2012?湖北卷] Can you tell the ________ difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.
A．dramatic B．regional
C．apparent D．subtle
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意：您能告诉我“请求”和“要求”的细微差异吗？subtle(细微的)最合题意。dramatic戏剧的；regional地区的；apparent表面的，明显的，均不符合题意。专题四 │ 真题典例 4．[2011?湖北卷] The old engineer's eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ________，though slow.
A. shaky B. heavy
C. casual D. steady
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位工程师的双眼仍然神采奕奕，即便满脸已经布满了皱纹。在穿过这个房间的时候，尽管走得很慢，但是却很平稳。shaky颤抖的；casual随便的，非正式的；heavy沉重的。根据语境只有D项“平稳的”符合句意。专题四 │ 真题典例 5．[2011?湖北卷] An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person's character; however, they are not always ________.
A. practical B. avoidable
C. permanent D. beneficial
[解析] C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个不快乐的童年也许会对一个孩子的个性产生一些消极的影响；然而，这种影响也不是长久的。practical实际的，实践的；avoidable可以避免的；beneficial有利的，有益的。根据语境只有C项“永久的”符合句意。专题四 │ 真题典例 6．[2011?湖北卷] The state-run company is required to make its accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A. transparent B. reasonable
C. secure D. formal
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国有企业被要求让它的账目都要尽可能地透明，让它的员工监督钱的用处。reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。根据语境只有A项“透明的”符合句意。专题四 │ 真题典例 7．[2010?湖北卷] In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.
A. private B. personal
C. unique D. different
[解析] B 考查形容词词义辨析。C表示“独特的”，D表示“不同的”，只有A和B比较接近。根据词义可以快速排除C和D。private表示“私人的，私下的”； personal表示“个人的”， personal view表示“个人观点”。专题四 │ 真题典例 8．[2010?湖北卷] Mistakes don't just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason and then making the mistake becomes________.
A. favorable B. precious
C. essential D. worthwhile
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。worthwhile表示“值得的，有价值的”，表示犯错误是值得的。A表示“喜爱的，赞同的”；B表示“珍贵的”；C表示“本质的”。专题四 │ 真题典例 9．[2010?湖北卷] If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ________ reaction will be to tell the police.
A. physical B. immediate
C. sensitive D. sudden
[解析] B 考查形容词词义辨析。physical表示“身体的”； sudden表示“突然的”； sensitive表示“敏感的”，只有immediate表示“立刻，马上”，等同于at once。根据词义可得出答案。故选B。专题四 │ 真题典例 10．[2010?湖北卷] I wasn't blaming anyone; I ________ said errors like this could be avoided.
A. merely B. mostly
C. rarely D. nearly
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的。merely意为“仅仅，只不过”符合句意表达。mostly大部分地，通常地；nearly几乎； rarely很少地，几乎不。专题四 │ 真题典例 11．[2012?安徽卷] Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.
A. vital B. available
C. specific D. similar
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。vital意为“极重要的”。句意：兴趣对学习来说和理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。专题四 │ 真题典例 12．[2012?福建卷] —Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
—Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still ________.
A．available B．affordable
C．acceptable D．valuable
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句中说话人刚把书还回图书馆，可能还可以借到。available可得到的，可借到的；affordable负担得起的；acceptable可接受的；valuable有价值的。专题四 │ 真题典例 13．[2012?山东卷] Be ________ —you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A. reasonable B. confident
C. creative D. grateful
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：理性一点吧，你不能指望我在这么短的时间内干完所有的活儿。reasonable“明理的，理性的”，符合题意。confident有信心的；creative有创造性的；grateful感激的。专题四 │ 真题典例 14．[2012?天津卷] The secretary arranged a(n) ________ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare
C．public D．convenient
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：秘书安排了一个方便的时间和地点让申请人进行一次面试。convenient方便的。专题四 │ 真题典例 15．[2012?浙江卷] The research lacks ________ evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.
A．solid B．fierce
C．severe D．potential
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究缺乏有力的证据，因此其结论值得怀疑。solid意为“固定的，有力的”，符合语境。fierce表示“激烈的”；severe表示“严重的”；potential表示“潜在的”，都不符合语意，故选A项。专题四 │ 真题典例专题四 │ 新题预测 1．The suspect is expected to be brought to justice, as another ________ witness has promised to come in court.
A．secure B．reliable
C．punctual D．respectful
[解析] B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：预计嫌疑犯会被绳之以法，因为另一个可靠的证人许诺出庭作证。secure意为“安全的，牢固的，有把握的”；reliable意为“可靠的，真实可信的”；punctual意为“准时的，严守时间的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的，谦恭的”。根据句意可知B项正确。 2．Although some children spend too much time playing online games, the reasons are not ________ to completely forbid them to use the computer.
A. sufficient B. compulsory
C. alternative D. tolerant
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有些孩子花太多的时间玩网络游戏，这些原因并不足以完全禁止他们去使用电脑。sufficient意为“足够的，充分的”；compulsory意为“强制的，义务的”；alternative意为“两者择一的，供选择的”；tolerant意为“宽容的，容忍的”。根据句意可知A项正确。专题四 │ 新题预测 3．Rome was not built in a day. You should set ________goals and work hard to achieve them.
A．alternative B．considerable
C．subjective D．realistic
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伟业建成非一日之功。你应制定切合实际的目标并努力实现它们。alternative两者择一的，可供选择的；considerable相当的；subjective主观的；realistic切合实际的。专题四 │ 新题预测 4．After six months' training, the whole team is ________ in form, and is expected to be able to get through to the final.
A. superb B. automatic
C. cautious D. enthusiastic
[解析] A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：6个月的训练之后，整个队伍状态极佳，有望一直打进决赛。superb意为“极好的，高质量的”；automatic意为“自动的，无意识的”；cautious意为“小心的，谨慎的”；enthusiastic意为“热情的”。根据句意，只有A项能用来描述经过训练即将参加比赛的队伍的状态。专题四 │ 新题预测 5．Many doctors complain that they don't have ________ working hours, for they have to wait for patients all day long in the hospital.
A. particular B. specific
C. flexible D. adequate
[解析] C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多医生抱怨他们没有灵活的工作时间，因为他们不得不整天在医院等待病人。particular意为“特殊的，挑剔的”；specific意为“明确的，特定的”；flexible意为“灵活的，易弯曲的”；adequate意为“足够的，适当的”。根据句意可知C项正确。专题四 │ 新题预测 6．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ respected.
A．especially B．equally
C．naturally D．normally
[解析] B 考查副词辨析。根据语境，任何人，无论是官员还是公交司机，都应该受到同等尊敬。故本题选B。专题四 │ 新题预测 7．We used to see each other ________， but I haven't heard from him since last year.
A．especially B．regularly
C．particularly D．approximately
[解析] B 考查副词辨析。especially特别地，专门地；regularly定期地(表示频率)；particularly特别，尤其；approximately近似地，大约。本题的关键词是but, haven't heard from, since last year，这说明我们过去是定期见面的。句意：我们过去定期见面，但是自从去年我就失去了他的音讯。专题四 │ 新题预测 8．Once each year the spacecraft will be awakened for about 50 days to ________ test the systems, make course corrections and calibrate its scientific instruments.
A. widely B. thoroughly
C. entirely D. extensively
[解析] B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：太空船每年会被唤醒一次，为期约50天，以彻底检查系统、修正航道、校准科学仪器。widely意为“广泛地”；thoroughly意为“彻底地”；entirely意为“完全地，全部地”；extensively意为“广泛地，大规模地”。根据句意可知B项正确。专题四 │ 新题预测 9．With time and patience, you'll ________ come to realize that the Southern American football is different from the European football in many ways.
A. sensitively B. immediately
C. automatically D. gradually
[解析] D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：只要有时间和耐心，你会逐渐意识到南美的足球和欧洲足球在很多方面存在差异。题干中的time和patience说明“认识”是一个逐渐的过程，所以选D项。sensitively意为“易感知地；神经过敏地”；immediately意为“立即，直接地”；automatically意为“自动地，机械地”；gradually意为“逐渐地”。专题四 │ 新题预测 10．In a sense, no country, big or small, should object to the trend of peace and development, ________ creating trouble to others.
A. constantly B. eventually
C. finally D. immediately
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，任何一个国家，不论大小，不应该反对和平与发展的潮流，不断地给别的国家造成困扰。constantly意为“不断地，经常地”；eventually意为“最后，终于”；finally意为“最后，最终”；immediately意为“立即，直接地”。根据句意可知A项正确。 专题四 │ 新题预测专题四 │ 备用习题 1．As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the strange beliefs are________to go out of our life.
A．necessary B．important
C．difficult D．bound [解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只要我们坚持在公众中传播科学知识，所有的奇怪的信仰一定会从我们的生活中消失。A项意为“必要的，必需的”，B项意为“重要的”，C项意为“困难的，艰难的”，D项意为“注定的”。从语意和搭配看，这里用固定短语be bound to do sth，表示“注定做某事”，故选D项。专题四 │ 备用习题 2．China needs to strike a balance between maintaining a(n) ________ fast and stable development and economic structural adjustment.
A．relatively B．seemingly
C．approximately D．environmentally
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：中国需要保持相对稳定快速的发展和经济结构调整相适应的平衡。专题四 │ 备用习题 3．The house, which is large and is surrounded by trees and flowers, is________what she longs for.
A．directly B．extremely
C．skillfully D．exactly
[解析] D 考查副词词义辨析。 directly直接地； extremely 极端地；skillfully熟练地； exactly确切地。专题四 │ 备用习题 4．I didn't like her at first, but in the end I ________ got quite fond of her.
A．exactly B．fluently
C．frequently D．actually
[解析] D 考查副词词义辨析。此处actually意为“的确”。句意：我起初不喜欢她，可最后我的确很喜欢她。专题四 │ 备用习题 5．I expressed my opposition directly and I didn't want to give you a (n)________impression.
A．urgent B．illegal
C．impolite D．false
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我直接提出反对的意见，因为我不想给你一个虚伪的印象。A 项意为“迫切的，紧急的”；B项意为“非法的”；C项意为“无礼的”；D项意为“不正确的，虚伪的”。专题四 │ 备用习题 6．Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name, which indicates that writers are held________for what they say.
A．considerate B．reasonable
C．independent D．responsible
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：写给编辑的信必须有作者的全名，这就表明，作者必须为他们所写的内容负责。considerate体贴的，体谅的；reasonable合理的；independent独立的；responsible负责的，承担责任的。结合语意判断选D。专题四 │ 备用习题 7．I should consider myself failing my duty if I didn't take________action at that moment.
A．sudden B．general
C．personal D．immediate
[解析] D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果那时我不立即采取行动的话，我应该认为自己失职。sudden突然的；general一般的；personal个人的；immediate立即的。
专题四 │ 备用习题 8．Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth
C．flexible D．complex
[解析] C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑顺的； complex复杂的，难懂的。专题四 │ 备用习题 9．I'm quite sure that it is________ impossible for me to fulfill the task in only two days without anyone to help me.
A．absolutely B．approximately
C．hardly D．desperately
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很确定，在没有任何人帮助的情况下，仅仅两天内完成这项任务对我来说是完全不可能的。absolutely 完全地，绝对地；approximately 大约地，大概地；hardly 几乎不；desperately拼命地，绝望地。专题四 │ 备用习题 10．When I saw Mum nod________to me，I calmed down and went on with my acting.
A．encouragingly B．amazingly
C．increasingly D．accordingly
[解析] A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我看见妈妈朝我点头鼓劲时，我镇定下来继续表演。amazingly吃惊地；increasingly逐渐地，不断增加地；accordingly因此，相应地，只有A项符合句意。 专题四 │ 备用习题专题五 介词短语专题五 介词短语专题五 │ 专题导读 湖北卷对介词的考查主要是考查介词短语辨析，不涉及单个介词的考查，题数每年一道。此类试题有如下特点：(1)题干结构呈复杂化、综合化的特点，题干用词都在20词左右。(2)试题难度不大，主要考查介词短语的主要意义。几年来关于介词考查较多的是以in为核心词构成的短语，而且短语的词数逐渐由两词介词向三词、多词介词转化。常考的短语包括：“in＋ 名词(＋介词)”型、“beyond ＋名词” 型、“under＋名词”型?课件320张PPT。专题六 记叙文型完形填空
专题七 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题八 议论文型完形填空
专题九 说明文型完形填空 第二模块 完形填空目 录第二模块 完形填空第二模块 │ 考情分析 【考纲解读】
完形填空是一种综合性较强的语言技能测试，涉及的知识面很广。新课标把该题型解读为“测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力”。其命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。要求学生除了要熟练掌握语法知识结构、词语的用法特点和短语的搭配习惯，还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力。能从语篇出发，贯通上下文，既要考虑形式上的完整，又要考虑意义上的完整，选择有据，找到正确答案。 完形填空题材广泛，涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治、经济、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。体裁包括记叙文、说明文和议论文，其中记叙文及夹叙夹议文更是考查的热点题材。
【命题透视】
分析近三年的高考试题并结合该题型的命题规律可知，高考完形填空试题具有如下特点：
1．选文特点
所选文章几乎全是叙述文体的原汁原味的小故事，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩； 文章篇幅相对稳定，一般是250 ～ 300词；第二模块 │ 考情分析所选短文结构严谨、层次分明、逻辑性强。
2．设空特点
(1)完整性。尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。
第二模块 │ 考情分析 (2)实词性。一般说来，一篇完形填空测试考生的什么能力，通常与短文的空格设计有关。如果空格要求考生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格； 如果要求填入名词、动词、形容词、副词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近年来的高考英语完形填空的设空特点来看，完形填空的待选项90%以上为语义空格，即以实词为主。
(3)同类性。同类性是指所给的四个选项都基本上属于同一种词性和词形，要么都是名词，要么都是动词。如动词或者都是现在分词，或者都是过去式等。这种题型要求同学们要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析，逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项，最终确定最佳答案。
第二模块 │ 考情分析 (4)语境性。大部分题需从全文角度出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的命题风格与考查要求。它要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和内容的逻辑关系，去选择符合文章情节的答案。这就决定了试题考查必须以情景意义选择为主。
(5)推理性。近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项，其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要按照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断正确的答案。第二模块 │ 考情分析 (6)常识性。还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行，这种情况下，就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识，具有一定的边缘学科知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯等，养成跨文化思维意识。 第二模块 │ 考情分析第二模块 │ 题型探究 完形填空的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点，以篇章理解为基础，考核学生的语法知识和对词汇的运用能力。根据这一命题思想，我们可以将题型大致细化为：
? 探究点一 语境词汇型
词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点，主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查，如名词、形容词、动词、副词等，而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。如果说单项填空中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查，那么完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。从这个角度上讲，完形填空命题的设置其实是单项填空试题的拓展和升华。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分各种实词的语义差别。
例1 [2012·辽宁卷]节选
Inky __50__ to the bedroom door and scratched __51__ until Brenda opened it. Then Inky led her to the __52__. Brenda found her husband __53__ the stairs and called 911. Kruger was rushed to the hospital.“I spent six months __54__ there，”says Kruger.“Although I became lame, I was blessed.”Since the accident, Inky has __55__ left Kruger's side.第二模块 │ 题型探究50．A.walked B．ran
C．returned D．withdrew
51．A.rapidly B．suddenly
C．madly D．urgently
52．A.bedroom B．basement
C．yard D．house
53．A.at the bottom of B．in the middle of
C．at the top of D．in the front of
54．A.regretting B．resting
C．relaxing D．recovering
55．A.never B．ever C．still D．already第二模块 │ 题型探究 【要点综述】 本文是记叙文。全文记述了在危难时刻一只猫救了主人的故事。Inky是Glen Kruger领养的一只猫。一天夜里，Kruger去地下室关闭炉子时摔伤，Inky叫醒了自己的女主人，将Kruger送到了医院，从此他们再也不能分开了。
50. B 考查语境化动词辨析。ran一词最能表达Inky看到主人处于危险时的焦急心情。它赶紧跑到卧室门口。walk走； return回来； withdraw后退。
51. C 考查语境化副词辨析。情急之下，Inky赶紧跑到了卧室门口，用爪子疯狂地挠门。其他选项：rapidly快速地； suddenly突然地； urgently急切地。这些都不能表达Inky救主人的心切。第二模块 │ 题型探究 52. B 考查语境化名词辨析。联系前文的…in a pool of blood on the basement floor我们知道，Kruger躺在地下室，因此Inky把女主人带到地下室。
53. A 考查语境化介词短语辨析。联系前文的on the basement floor我们知道，到了地下室，女主人发现自己的丈夫就躺在地下室的地板上。其他三个选项：in the middle of 在……中部； at the top of在……顶端； in the front of在……的前面。第二模块 │ 题型探究 54. D 考查语境化动词辨析。联系前文的to the hospital以及spent six months我们可以知道，Kruger在医院住了六个月，然后康复了。regret遗憾，惋惜； rest休息； relax放松。
55. A 考查语境化副词辨析。联系空后的Kruger's side我们知道，有了这次经历后Inky再也没有离开Kruger的左右。第二模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点二 语法结构型
近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词、限定与非限定性定语从句的区别、定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)，状语从句，非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)，时态， 语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句等以及一些词类之间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰； 动词需要副词及词组修饰； 及物动词后应加宾语等。第二模块 │ 题型探究 此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系和语篇内容， 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
例2 [2012·浙江卷]节选
Just as he thought, a name matched the seat __29__ Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs. Katie O'Brien.
A．until B．before
C．which D．where
[解析] D 这里是定语从句考点，先行词是the seat，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，因此选D项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 例3 [2012·湖北卷]节选
…he said, “This is the best thing you __34__ have done…”
A．would B．should
C．must D．could
[解析] D could have done意思为：可能做过(某事)。是对过去的一种推测。其他不符合情景。文章最后一句…the best thing you could have done也是提示。第二模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点三 习惯搭配型
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对短语搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。
例4 [2012·四川卷]节选
“Anyone there？”Huggons called out. Then he heard“Help! I'm trapped！”coming from the second-floor balcony(阳台)．He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch his __34__.
A．breath B．attention C．ladder D．flashlight第二模块 │ 题型探究 [解析] A Huggons进入房子，但由于烟雾很大，他很快不得不跑回来“喘口气”。此处catch one's breath意为“喘口气”，故答案选A。
例5 [2012·四川卷]节选
…But there was no way to get to him. He __38__ the flashlight into the woods and noticed a ladder.
A．led B．put C．drove D．shone
[解析] D 他用手电筒往丛林中照。此处shine the flashlight为固定说法，意为“用手电筒照”。故选D。第二模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点四 语篇逻辑型
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外，还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清楚段落之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。第二模块 │ 题型探究答题时考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等); 转折关系(连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless等); 因果关系 (连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等); 让步关系(连接词有though，although，despite, in spite of等); 条件关系(连接词有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等); 解释关系(连接词有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等); 顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next，finally等)。第二模块 │ 题型探究 例6 [2012·浙江卷]
“Just sign here, sir，” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.
The package consisted of a long, narrow box __21__ wrapped in brown paper. __22__ the box，Oscar saw an umbrella inside—a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle. __23__ he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it __24__.
Oscar was 16 when he first saw the __25__ umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. 第二模块 │ 题型探究Impressed by its __26__， Oscar felt a strong desire to find its __27__.
Oscar __28__ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name matched the seat __29__ Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs. Katie O'Brien.
Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs. O'Brien's __30__ on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared.“May I __31__ you？”she asked.第二模块 │ 题型探究 “I'd like to return it if it's yours，”Oscar said, __32__the umbrella as if presenting a __33__ that had long been wished for.
“Why, yes! It's mine，”replied Mrs. O'Brien with a __34__ smile and shining eyes.“It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your __35__？”
“No, ma'am，”he said, “My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”
“Well, that's __36__ what my father used to say. What is your name, young man？”第二模块 │ 题型探究 Years later Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs. O'Brien. It was in perfect condition, considering how __37__ it was. Why had it arrived here today?
As if __38__， a note fell from the paper. It read: Mrs. O'Brien wanted you to __39__ this umbrella as a present for a kind, __40__ gesture long ago.
21．A.strictly B．carefully C．roughly D．casually
22．A.Opening B．Seizing C．Observing D．Searching
23．A.After B．When C．Since D．Although
24．A.clearly B．fully C．immediately D．suddenly第二模块 │ 题型探究25．A.average B．unusualC．plain D．typical
26．A.beauty B．shape C．origin D．history
27．A.designer B．seller C．user D．owner
28．A.convinced B．forcedC．encouraged D．advised
29．A.until B．before C．which D．where
30．A.family B．theater C．house D．neighborhood
31．A.invite B．help C．bother D．know
32．A.putting up B．turning out
C．picking up D．holding out
33．A.chance B．fact C．gift D．result
34．A.wide B．confident C．proud D．shy第二模块 │ 题型探究35．A.patience B．kindness
C．courage D．determination
36．A.obviously B．naturally
C．exactly D．probably
37．A.old B．rare
C．precious D．nice
38．A.in contrast B．in return
C．in exchange D．in answer
39．A.possess B．accept
C．carry D．value
40．A.attractive B．significant C．unselfish D．sympathetic第二模块 │ 题型探究 【要点综述】常言说“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之”。本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Oscar收到了一个包裹，包裹里面是一把雨伞，看到雨伞，Oscar回忆起了20多年前，当时他还是个16岁的少年时，在听完音乐会后，发现了一把Katie夫人遗忘的雨伞，他不辞辛苦地去她家归还雨伞的经历。而在20多年后，Katie夫人又把这把雨伞通过包裹的形式赠送给了Oscar，以感谢他当年的善举。
21. B 从上下文知，这个包裹很重要，所以是用褐色纸张小心(carefully)包裹起来的一个狭长的盒子。strictly表示“严格地”； roughly表示“粗略地”； casually表示“随意地”； 都与语意不符合。第二模块 │ 题型探究 22. A 从上下文知道，Oscar打开了这个盒子，发现里面是一把雨伞，所以此处用open表示“打开……”，其他都不符合语意。
23. D 从语境知，虽然(Although)Oscar已经有快20多年没再见过这把雨伞，但是他马上(immediately)就认出了它，此处根据上下句可知，语意表示“转折”，所以用Although，其他都不符合语境。
24. C 参见上题解析。clearly表示“清晰地”； fully表示“完全地”； suddenly表示“突然地”。根据句意选C项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 25. B 从下文知，这把雨伞对于老妇人而言是非常珍贵的，所以应该是“不同寻常的”，故用unusual。average表示“平均的”； plain表示“平淡的，平凡的”； typical表示“典型的”； 都不符合语境。
26. A 从上文知，此伞不同寻常，同时从下文知，这伞非常珍贵，由此Oscar必定是对这伞的“美丽之处”印象深刻，第二段也提到伞的美丽，所以用beauty。shape表示“形状”； origin表示“起源”； history表示“历史”； 都不符合语意。故选A项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 27. D 上文提到“he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat”，由此推断知Oscar要找到的是该伞的主人，所以选owner。designer表示“设计师”； seller表示“销售商”； user表示“使用者”； 都不符合语境。
28. A 从下文知，Oscar说服了剧院经理去查先前的售票记录，如他所料，有一个名字对上了，她是Katie女士。这里convince表示“说服”。force表示“强迫”； encourage表示“鼓励”； advise表示“建议”； 都与语境不符。根据句意选A项。
29. D 这里是定语从句考点，先行词是the seat，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，因此选D项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 30. C 从全文知，Oscar说服了他的祖父母顺便去一下Katie女士家里(house)。family表示“家庭”时，侧重于家庭成员； theater表示“剧院”； neighborhood表示“邻里”； 都不符合上下文。根据句意选C项。
31. B 从下文知，Katie女士没想到会有人来还伞，所以开门看到一个陌生人的第一反应就是“我可以帮你什么忙吗？”，所以用“May I help you”这样的交际用语，其他选项都无此用法，因此选B项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 32. D 从上文return知，Oscar是要还雨伞，所以他是伸出(hold out)手去把雨伞交给Katie女士，好像是那渴望已久的礼物(gift)一样。put up表示“张贴，竖起”； turn out表示“证明是，表明是”； pick up表示“接收，拾起”； 都不符合语境。
33. C 参见上题解析。这里可以从下文的wished for推断出，表示长久渴望得到的东西，应该用gift才能表达此意义，故答案选C项。
34. A 从下文知，Katie女士拿到雨伞后很开心，所以会笑得很灿烂，故用a wide smile来表示。confident表示“自信的”； proud表示“骄傲的，自豪的”； shy表示“害羞的”； 都与语境不符，根据句意选A项。第二模块 │ 题型探究 35. B Katie女士认为Oscar这样的善举(kindness)应该得到一定的报偿，因为这伞对她来说是非常珍贵的。patience表示“耐心”； courage表示“勇气”； determination表示“决心”； 都不符合语境。
36. C 从下文知，Oscar祖母说过的话也正是(exactly)Katie女士的父亲所讲过的，故用exactly表示“正是，就是”。obviously表示“明显地”； naturally表示“自然地”； probably表示“可能地”； 都不符合语境。
37. A 结合全文知，这把伞已经有些年头了，应该是很旧(old)的，但保存得相当好。该空选项可以从前文in perfect condition推断出。第二模块 │ 题型探究 38. D 从前文“Why had it arrived here today”知，Oscar感到很疑惑，为什么Katie女士要把伞送给他，而似乎是对他疑问的一种回应，他发现纸上还有张便条掉了下来，所以用in answer。in contrast表示“作为对比”； in return表示“作为回报”； in exchange表示“用于交换”； 都不符合语境。
39. B 从便条知，Katie女士希望Oscar能接受(accept)这把雨伞作为对他的无私(unselfish)之善举的一种馈赠。possess表示“拥有，占有”； carry表示“携带”； value表示“珍惜”； 都不符合语境。
40. C 参见上题解析。Oscar能把伞送还给Katie女士，这本身就是一种无私的行为，所以用unselfish。 第二模块 │ 题型探究第二模块 │ 应试点睛 完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。做完形填空应该从以下几个方面入手：
一、树立语篇意识，化解局部难点
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨、上下文互为映衬、前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循“整体——局部——整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。(参考题型分类四)
二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的运用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等； (2)短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；第二模块 │ 应试点睛 (3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑连词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。(参考题型分类四)
第二模块 │ 应试点睛 三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异
高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。(参考题型分类一)
四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。(参考题型分类三) 第二模块 │ 应试点睛 五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想象当时的情景，从而做出正确的判断。
六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。 第二模块 │ 应试点睛 总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提和保障。
第二模块 │ 应试点睛专题六 记叙文型完形填空专题六 记叙文型完形填空专题六 │ 专题导读 记叙文是高考完形填空的主打体裁。记叙文有如下特点：(1)叙事方式有所不同。有的记叙文按照时间顺序叙述，最后点破故事的结局，有的记叙文采取倒叙的手法，先点明故事的结局和影响，然后再叙述故事的发生和发展。考生在做题时，应先浏览全文，判断出作者的叙事手段，依据文章提供的信息，对故事内容进行准确定位，了解故事的来龙去脉，进而达到对文意的透彻理解，为做题找到准确依据。(2)记叙文往往有较强的故事趣味性，有情节的跌宕起伏和情感的细腻变化等特点，信息量很大。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能作出合理的选择。 专题六 │ 专题导读 [2012?全国卷Ⅱ]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Around twenty years ago I was living in York. __1__ I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree, I could not find __2__ work.
I was __3__ a school bus to make ends meet and __4__ with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had __5__ five interviews(面试) with a company and one day between bus runs专题六 │ 真题典例they called to say I did not __6__ the job. “Why has my life become so __7__？” I thought painfully.
As I pulled the bus over to __8__ a little girl, she handed me an earring __9__ I should keep it __10__ somebody claimed(认领)it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”．
At first I got angry. Then it __11__ me—I had been giving all of my __12__ to what was going wrong with my __13__ rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a __14__ of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to __15__ more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for __16__ from a lady who was a director at a large __17__. 专题六 │ 真题典例She asked me if I would __18__ a one-day lecture on stress(压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.
My __19__ there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of __20__ that I completely changed my life.
1．A.As B．Though
C．If D．When
2．A.successful B．extra
C．satisfying D．convenient
3．A.driving B．repairing
C．taking D．designing专题六 │ 真题典例4．A.working B．travelling
C．discussing D．living
5．A.prepared for B．attended
C．asked for D．held
6．A.lose B．like
C．find D．get
7．A.hard B．busy
C．serious D．short
8．A.wave at B．drop off
C．call on D．look for专题六 │ 真题典例9．A.ordering B．promising
C．saying D．showing
10．A.in case B．or else
C．as if D．now that
11．A.hurt B．hit
C．caught D．moved
12．A.feelings B．attention
C．strength D．interests
13．A.opinions B．education
C．experiences D．life专题六 │ 真题典例14．A.list B．book
C．check D．copy
15．A.connect B．turn
C．keep D．add
16．A.her B．a passenger
C．me D．my friend
17．A.hospital B．factory
C．restaurant D．hotel
18．A.listen to B．review
C．give D．talk about专题六 │ 真题典例19．A.plan B．choice
C．day D．tour
20．A.operation B．speaking
C．employment D．thinking
【要点综述】 作者虽然有丰富的工作经验和高学历，但是却一直找不到满意的工作，因此总是抱怨自己的人生不如意。但是一次一个带有“BE HAPPY”字样的耳环让作者改变了对人生的思考方式。
1．B 从后面的“I could not find…work”知道，虽然作者有丰富的工作经验并且拥有硕士学位，但是仍然找不到令人满意的工作，是一个表示转折的让步状语从句。专题六 │ 真题典例 2．C 与前面的从句呼应，指作者经验丰富、学历高，但是仍然找不到令人满意的工作。
3．A 结合后面的“a school bus”以及“As I pulled the bus over to…a little girl…”可知作者是开校车来谋生的。
4．D 后面的“for I had lost my flat”说明作者没有房子住了，因此只能和朋友住在一起，所以选living。
5．B 根据后面的“five interviews (面试) with a company”和“they called to say I did not…the job”知道作者参加了五次公司的面试，但是被告知没有被录用，因此选B。专题六 │ 真题典例 6．D 从前面的句子可知，作者参加了五次面试，根据后面的“I thought painfully”可知作者没有被录用，即没有得到任何工作。
7. A 从前面的没有得到工作，再结合后面的“thought painfully”，可知作者想为什么自己的生活这么艰难呢？
8．B 根据前面的“As I pulled the bus over”可知作者是把车靠边停下来，所以是让学生们下车。
9．C saying作前面的handed这个动作的伴随状语，指小女孩一边递给作者一个耳环，一边说。
10．A 结合后面的“somebody claimed (认领) it”可知是小女孩告诉作者把这个耳环保存好，以防有人认领。专题六 │ 真题典例 11．B hit在这里表示“突然想到”，其他的词无此用法。
12．B 这里指作者突然想到，自己一直以来只关注自己生活中的不好的方面，give attention to关注。
13．D 从前面的“what was going wrong with”可知是作者指自己生活中发生的不幸的事情。
14．A 从后面的“fifty things I was happy with”可知作者当场决定要列出一个让自己高兴的50件事情的清单来。make a list of “列一个……的清单”，是一个固定词组。
15．D 根据后面的“more things to the list”可知是作者决定再给这个快乐的单子增加数量。专题六 │ 真题典例 16．C 结合下文的“She asked me”可知是那天晚上有人给“我”打电话。
17．A 根据下文的“a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers”中的“medical workers”可知是一个医院。
18．C 从后面的“a one-day lecture on”可知用give，表示“做关于……的报告”。
19．C 上文提到了“one-day lecture”，因此此处指作者在那里进行报告的那天很顺利。
20．D 作者认为自己改变了生活，是因为自己改变了思考的方式。专题六 │ 真题典例专题六 │ 新题预测(一)
As a substitute(代课) teacher, my daily activity involves driving to a new school almost every day, so I'm usually unable to anticipate the day's events, good or bad!
On one particular day, I was teaching in a very __1__ classroom. I was managing behavior all morning, and by lunch time, I knew I needed a coffee to__2__ the afternoon. So on my lunch break, I drove to a nearby square to get a coffee. Upon returning to the __3__， I realized I had locked my phone and my __4__ inside! I had about 15 minutes to get back to the__5__， which was a good four or five-minute drive away. If I ran back really quickly, I could __6__ it. But it was winter, and a sudden fall on the ice would only make the situation much __7__.
So I hurried into a McDonald's at the same square, and __8__ the man at the counter, who happened to be the __9__， to call a taxi for me. After I __10__ explained my situation to him, he rushed inside to make the phone __11__ I waited anxiously in the restaurant. 专题六 │ 新题预测I had less than 10 minutes to __12__ to my school at this point.
A moment later, the manager returned __13__ to tell me that the line was __14__， and that he had not been able to __15__ the taxi yet. I think both __16__ and fear could be seen on my face.
Without a thought, he grabbed his coat and __17__ to drive me to the school. Without hesitation, I followed him into his car and got back to the classroom with two minutes to __18__ before the bell rang!
专题六 │ 新题预测 This experience made me __19__ that out of every seemingly hopeless situation, there is the opportunity for acts of kindness to happen, which has a(n) __20__influence on those who receive them.
1．A.modern B．comfortable
C．difficult D．old
2．A.remember B．enjoy
C．forget D．survive
3．A.car B．bar
C．counter D．shop专题六 │ 新题预测4．A.textbooks B．keys
C．cards D．gloves
5．A.home B．restaurant
C．party D．school
6．A.make B．see
C．do D．meet
7．A.easier B. more different
C．worse D．more stable
8．A.advised B．asked
C．ordered D．arranged 专题六 │ 新题预测9．A.waiter B．secretary
C．guest D．manager
10．A.briefly B．slowly
C．effectively D．successfully
11．A.since B．unless
C．if D．while
12．A.get across B．get around
C．get back D．get over
13．A.only B．yet
C．right D．ever专题六 │ 新题预测14．A.broken B．busy
C．full D．ready
15．A.take B．get
C．drive D．repair
16．A.excitement B．anger
C．surprise D．hopelessness
17．A.wanted B．refused
C．offered D．hesitated
18．A.wait B．waste
C．spare D．spend专题六 │ 新题预测19．A.realize B．argue
C. regret D．doubt
20．A.bad B．unimaginable
C．harmful D．indirect
【要点综述】 作者需要马上赶回学校上课，可是钥匙和手机被锁在车里了。作者让一个餐厅经理帮忙叫出租车，可是电话占线。那位经理直接开车把作者送到了学校。
1．C 由下文的 I was managing behavior all morning可知此处应选 difficult。
2．D 由作者上午上课的苦难可知，作者需要喝一杯咖啡，才能“坚持(survive)”把下午的课上完。专题六 │ 新题预测 3．A 根据上句 I drove to a nearby square to get a coffee.可知，“我”开车去广场喝咖啡，所以此处是指“作者喝完咖啡后返回停车的地方”。
4．B 根据下文“作者请麦当劳的经理帮忙打电话叫一辆出租车”的事实可推测，作者把钥匙和手机都锁在车里了。
5．D 作者下午还要赶回学校上课，此时距离上课的时间还有15分钟。
6．A 如果快点跑，作者是可以按时到达学校的。make it (尤指在困难情况下)准时到达。
7．C 可是，这是冬天。万一“我”在结冰的地面上摔跤，那会使情况“更加糟糕(worse)”。专题六 │ 新题预测 8．B ask意为“请求”。
9．D 作者急忙来到同在这个广场的一家餐厅，请求柜台的一个人帮忙叫辆出租车。巧的是，那个人正好是经理。下一段中的 the manager 是提示信息。
10．A 根据当时时间紧迫可推断作者应是“简要地 (briefly)”介绍了一下情况。
11．D 经理听了作者的情况之后，立即进去打电话，而作者在焦急地等待着。
12．C 下文的got back to the classroom 是提示。
13．A only to do something表示意外的结果。
14．B 电话占线用busy。专题六 │ 新题预测 15．B 片刻之后，经理出来告诉作者出租车公司的电话“占线(busy)”，所以他没能“叫到(get)出租车”。
16．D 眼看已经快到上课的时间了，可是却叫不到出租车，由此可推断作者当时的心情是既失望又害怕。
17．C 不假思索地，那位经理抓起了外套，主动提出要亲自开车送“我”回学校。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事，下句中 followed him into his car 以及“顺利回到学校”的事实是提示。
专题六 │ 新题预测 18．C 在离上课还有两分钟的时候，“我”回到了教室。spare 此处意为“留出”。
19．A 空格后面的内容是作者在经历这件事情后的感悟，故选realize。
20．B 陌生人的及时援助对于接受帮助的人会产生“难以想象的(unimaginable)”影响。专题六 │ 新题预测(二)
Recently divorced and unemployed, I was on my way downtown to do the rounds of the employment offices.I had no umbrella, for my old one had __1__， and I could not__2__ another one.
I sat down in the __3__ and there against my seat was a(n) __4__ silk umbrella with a silver handle.I had __5__ seen anything so lovely.I examined the handle and saw a carved __6__.The usual procedure would have been to __7__ the umbrella to the conductor, but an idea __8__ to me.I decided to take it with me and find the owner myself.专题六 │ 新题预测 I got off the bus in a downpour and __9__ opened the umbrella to protect myself.Then I__10__ a telephone book for the name on the umbrella.I called and a lady __11__.
“Yes，” she said __12__， “That is my umbrella, which my parents, now dead, gave me as a birthday present.” “But，” she __13__， “it has been stolen __14__ my doorstep a month before.”
She was so excited that I __15__ I was looking for a job and went directly to her house.She took the umbrella, and her eyes were filled with __16__.专题六 │ 新题预测She wanted to give me a __17__， but—though twenty dollars was all I had in the world—her happiness at regaining this __18__ possession was beyond words and I believed accepting her money would have __19__ something.We talked for a while and I left.
A week later, I got a job as a sales manager __20__.It might be my kindness that paid off.
But who knows?
1．A.broken up B．gone away
C．fallen apart D．faded away
2.A.afford B．borrow
C．find D．repair专题六 │ 新题预测3.A.office B．bus
C．theater D．train
4.A.ugly B．beautiful
C．worn D．ancient
5.A.even B．always
C．already D．never
6.A.design B．number
C．name D．brand
7.A.turn in B．show off
C．open up D．carry away专题六 │ 新题预测8.A.occurred B．ran
C．struck D．happened
9.A.firmly B．suddenly
C．casually D．thankfully
10.A.read B．searched
C．got D．used
11.A.appeared B．replied
C．answered D．screamed
12.A.in surprise B．in panic
C．in silence D．in anger专题六 │ 新题预测13.A.assumed B．added
C．declared D．announced
14.A.from B．in
C．beside D．of
15.A.mentioned B．forgot
C．realized D．remembered
16.A.memory B．honor
C．tears D．thanks
17.A.gift B．position
C．hug D．reward专题六 │ 新题预测18.A.expensive B．common
C．rare D．special
19.A.bought B．ruined
C．expressed D．enjoyed
20.A.immediately B．naturally
C．hopefully D．unexpectedly
专题六 │ 新题预测 【要点综述】 家庭的不幸、失业的压力和生活的窘迫并没有让“我”丧失道德，“我”将捡到的雨伞归还给了它的主人。最终善有善报，“我”出乎意料地找到了一份销售经理的工作。
1．C “我”没有雨伞，因为那把旧伞已经“散架(fallen apart)”了。break up“(使)破碎”；go away“离开；走开”；fade away“褪色；逐渐消失”，均不符合语境。
2．A 由于离婚和失业，“我”买不起另外一把伞。afford表示“买得起；能支付”。
3．B 根据下一段的开头“I got off the bus…”可知，“我”在“公共汽车”上坐了下来。专题六 │ 新题预测 4．B 本句的后半部分提到这把伞是丝质银柄，由此可知这是一把非常“漂亮的”伞。
5．D 这把伞做工讲究，“我”以前“从未”见过如此可爱的东西。
6．C 根据第三段中“…for the name on the umbrella”可知，伞柄上刻有一个“名字”。
7．A 这是在公共汽车上捡到的别人丢失的东西，正常的程序是把这把伞“上交”给售票员。turn in“上交”。
8．A “我”“想到”一个主意，决定自己带着雨伞找到失主。occur to sb.“(主意或想法突然)浮现于某人的脑海中”。专题六 │ 新题预测 9．D 作者在倾盆大雨中下了车，由此可知作者打开这把伞遮雨时非常“感激”。
10．B “我”从电话簿上“查找”雨伞上那个名字。search“查找，搜寻”。
11．C “我”拨通电话后，一位女士“接听”了电话。此处answer表示“接电话”。
12．A 女士突然有了雨伞的消息，自然感到非常“惊讶”。后三项分别表示“恐慌”、“沉默”、“愤怒”，显然不符合语境。
13．B 此处add表示“补充说”。assume“假定”；declare“宣布，声明”；announce“宣告，公布”。专题六 │ 新题预测 14．A 这把伞一个月以前就被人“从”门阶前偷走了。
15．B 女士如此激动以至于“我”当时“忘记”了自己正在寻找工作，径直去了那位女士的家。
16．C 女士接过这把雨伞后，眼中溢满了“泪水”。
17．D 根据本句内容可知，女士想给“我”钱作为“报酬”。
18．D 第四段提到这是女士已经去世的父母送给她的生日礼物，由此可知这是一把非常“特殊的”雨伞。
19．B “我”相信接受了她的钱就会“毁坏”某种东西。
20．D 下一句提到也许是“我”的善心有了回报，由此可知“我”“出乎意料地”得到了一份销售经理的工作。专题六 │ 新题预测专题六 │ 备用习题(一)
Long long ago, there was a small village.This village had a __1__ tradition.At the beginning of every year, any boy who had reached the age of majority (成年) was given land and money to build a home.The boy had to __2__ his home before winter.If his home failed to endure the cold weather in winter, the villagers could not __3__ him in any way. One __4__， Paul and Marc reached their majority.They __5__ their land and money and decided to search nearby villages for ideas on building their homes.In each village, they found the nicest __6__ and talked to the owners.Each owner gladly offered __7__ .
After Marc saw several homes, he __8__ the best ideas and went back to his own land.Paul, __9__， continued collecting more ideas.Soon he had so many great ideas that he began to __10__ some of them.But he always believed he could find even better ideas in the next village.专题六 │ 备用习题 Marc began building his home.He had several false starts, __11__ his home gradually rose from his land.By fall, Marc had finished his home.It wasn't perfect，but it was strong and he could __12__ it later.Paul enjoyed all the beautiful homes and __13__ with home owners.The first snow came and Paul, realizing he was running out of time, __14__ back to his land.He built the best home he could in the time he had, but it was __15__ .The first winter storm destroyed his home and he froze to __16__ .The villagers mourned for him.专题六 │ 备用习题 Marc __17__ the winter.Each year, Marc searched for other good ideas he could use to make his own home look better.He became a leader in the village, __18__ a family, and lived a happy, content life.
We all build and improve our own mental homes.It's __19__ and fun for us to search for ideas from other mental home owners, but we only improve our own mental home if we actually __20__ the best ideas.
1．A.strange B．hopeful
C．literary D．cultural
2．A.find B．make C．complete D．buy专题六 │ 备用习题3．A.help B．encourage
C．scold D．persuade
4．A.winter B．summer
C．autumn D．spring
5．A.exchanged B．received
C．recognized D．advised
6．A.girls B ．jobs
C．houses D．presents
7．A.rooms B．drinks
C．attention D．advice专题六 │ 备用习题8．A.expected B．gathered
C．created D．understood
9．A.similarly B．finally
C．however D．furthermore
10．A.forget B．believe
C．replace D．doubt
11．A.because B．although
C．but D．so
12．A.repair B．rebuild
C．sell D．improve专题六 │ 备用习题13．A.conversations B．achievements
C．struggles D．arguments
14．A.drove B．rushed
C．flew D．moved
15．A.weak B．funny
C．small D．amazing
16．A.blindness B．death
C．sadness D．illness
17．A.experienced B．loved
C．survived D．spent专题六 │ 备用习题18．A.brought B．earned
C．contacted D．raised
19．A.slow B．easy
C．dangerous D．special
20．A.realize B．bring
C．collect D．apply专题六 │ 备用习题 【要点综述】 文章通过一个故事告诉我们，无论是精神世界还是物质世界，一些想法的寻找是简单的，但是想法的运用却是另外一回事。
1．A 考查形容词辨析。由下文对这个传统的描述来看，这个传统很独特，所以四个词中只有strange (奇怪的)符合语境。句意：很久很久以前，有一个小村庄有着一个奇怪的传统。每到年初，已成年的男孩就会拿到一块地和资金(自己动手)去修建自己的房屋。hopeful 有希望的；literary 文艺的，书本的；cultural文化的。专题六 │ 备用习题 2．C 考查动词辨析。这里指的是在冬天到来前就要完成房屋的修建。所以用complete，意思是：完成。倒数第三段 “By fall, Marc had finished his home.”中有同义词复现：finish。
3．A 考查动词辨析。 倒数第三段“The first winter storm destroyed his home and he froze to ________. The villagers mourned for him.”告诉我们，由于Paul修建的房子没有完成，被冻死了，人们都来哀悼他，但没有帮助他度过寒冬，由此可以看出，在这一奇怪的传统中，别人是不能提供帮助的，所以选help。encourage鼓励；scold训斥；persuade说服。专题六 │ 备用习题 4．D 考查语境化选词。上一段告诉我们，成年的男孩是在每年的年初(at the beginning of every year)拿到一块地和资金的，四个选项中只有spring(春天)符合语境。
5．B 考查动词辨析。对应第一段提到的was given，所以这里选B。receive收到。exchange 交换；recognize 认出，承认；advise 建议，忠告。
6．C 考查语境化选词。前文告诉我们，他们要建的是房子，这是在外出考察，自然是找最好的房子和房主交谈以获得如何建好房子的建议。文中有多处同义词home的复现。
专题六 │ 备用习题 7．D 考查名词辨析。每一位房主都很乐意提供给他们(关于如何建好房子的)建议。所以选advice。可以从“Soon he had so many great ideas that he began to ________ some of them.”中的idea得到启示。
8．B 考查动词辨析。Marc 参观了几栋房子，把房主们提供的建议收集起来，所以选gather，意思是：收集。下一空后的“continued collecting more ideas”有同义词复现。expect 期待，预料；create 创造；understand理解。
9．C 考查副词辨析。Marc开始建房，而Paul 却仍在继续收集如何建房的建议，两者之间是转折关系，所以用however。专题六 │ 备用习题 10．A 考查动词辨析。由于收集的好的修建房屋的方法太多了，以至于都忘了一部分，所以用forget。 believe 相信；replace代替；doubt怀疑。
11．C 考查连词辨析。“He had several false starts”和“his home gradually rose from his land”之间是转折关系，所以用but。
12．D 考查动词辨析。倒数第二段 “Each year, Marc searched for other good ideas he could use to make his own home look better.”中的“make his own home look better”说的就是他所建的房子可以在建成后不断改良，所以用improve。repair 修理，修补； rebuild重建；sell卖。专题六 │ 备用习题 13．A 考查名词辨析。第二段的“In each village, they found the nicest ________ and talked to the owners.”可知，应该选conversations，意思是：谈话、会话。
14．B 考查动词辨析。冬天来了，第一场雪使Paul意识到建房子所剩的时间不多了，所以自己便急匆匆地往回赶，所以选B。rush：冲，奔，急匆匆地赶。
15．A 考查形容词辨析。由后面的“The first winter storm destroyed his home”可以看出，由于动工时间较晚，时间紧，他修的房子不牢固，所以选weak，意思是：不牢固的。funny滑稽的；small小的；amazing令人吃惊的。专题六 │ 备用习题 16．B 考查名词辨析。下一句“The villagers mourned for him”告诉我们，村民们都去哀悼他，由此可知他被冻死了，所以选death。
17．C 考查动词辨析。这里指的是Marc由于修好了房子，顺利度过了冬天，所以用survive，意思是：从困境中挺过来。
18．D 考查动词辨析。raise 养育。句意：(后来)他成了村里的领导，养育了一家人，幸福美满地生活着。如果把 A 项后加上up，也是正确的。专题六 │ 备用习题 19．B 考查形容词辨析。上面的故事告诉我们，建议和想法的寻找是简单的，而实践才是困难的，所以选easy。
20．D 考查动词辨析。这里指的是最好的想法的“应用”，所以选apply。专题六 │ 备用习题(二)
He drove after drinking alcohol, having a severe accident and had to get his arms removed.Since then, he has had to __1__ on his younger brother, who became his shadow, never leaving him alone for years.Except for writing with his toes, he was totally unable to do __2__ else.As the two brothers grew up together, they had their own problems and would often __3__.Finally, his younger brother went away and lived __4__， leaving him heart-broken and at a loss what to do.
专题六 │ 备用习题 __5__， a misfortune befell(降临)a girl.One night she was preparing dinner when the kerosene light on the stove was overturned, __6__ in a fire which took her hands away.Having decidedly __7__ her sister's willingness to help her, she determined to be thoroughly __8__.At school, she always studied hard.Most of all she learned to be self-reliant.“I am lucky.Though my __9__ are broken, my heart can still fly.” she wrote in her blog.专题六 │ 备用习题 One day, the young man and the girl were both invited to a(n)__10__ programme.The boy told the television hostess about his __11__ future, whereas the girl was full of __12__ for her life.They were both asked to write something on a piece of paper with their __13__.The boy: My younger brother's arms are my arms.The girl: Broken wings, flying heart.
They had both gone through the same ordeal(痛苦经历), but their different __14__ determined the nature of their lives.As seems the case, __15__ disasters can strike our life at any time.How you handle the __16__ when faced with it is the true __17__ of your character.专题六 │ 备用习题If you choose to __18__ or escape from the ordeal, it will follow you wherever you go.But if you decide to be strong, the __19__ will turn out to be a fortune on which new __20__will arise.
1．A.live B．stand
C．rely D．assist
2．A.something B．everything
C．nothing D．anything
3．A.quarrel B．share
C．support D．dislike
4．A.happily B．lonely
C．separately D．disappointedly专题六 │ 备用习题5．A.Unfortunately B．Unexpectedly
C．Similarly D．Naturally
6．A.leading B．bringing
C．causing D．resulting
7．A.turned to B．turned down
C．turned off D．turned against
8．A.alone B．free
C．independent D．successful
9．A.arms B．wings
C．dreams D．promises专题六 │ 备用习题10．A.interview B．radio
C．sports D．health
11．A.hopeful B．uncertain
C．bright D．miserable
12．A.calmness B．enthusiasm
C．patience D．excitement
13．A.hands B．strength
C．toes D．mouths
14．A.characters B．desires
C．opinions D．attitudes 专题六 │ 备用习题15．A.unexpected B．passive
C．rough D．serious
16．A.emergency B．misfortune
C．difficulty D．accident
17．A.test B．reflection
C．display D．problem
18．A.ignore B．resist
C．complain D．suffer
19．A.problem B．result
C．failure D．hardship
20．A.solutions B．ways C．rewards D．hopes专题六 │ 备用习题 [解析]
1．C 考查动词辨析。句意：他酒后驾车，出了车祸并截掉了胳膊。所以从那时起他不得不依靠他的弟弟。此处rely on意为：依靠。
2．D 考查不定代词。句意：除了用脚趾写字他完全不能做任何事情。
3．A 考查动词辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，他们都有自己的问题，他们经常吵架。
4．C 考查副词。句意：最后弟弟走了去单独生活。此处separately意为：单独地；独自地。专题六 │ 备用习题 5．C 考查副词。下文讲的是一位姑娘和上文的那个人具有相似的经历。similarly意为：相似的是。
6．D 考查固定短语。result in意为：导致，引起。一场大火导致她失去了两只手。
7．B 考查固定短语。句意：她决定拒绝姐姐的友好的帮助，她决心独立生活。turn down意为：拒绝。
8．C 考查形容词。句意参看上题解析。
9．A 考查名词。根据上文可知她手臂受伤。
10．A 考查名词。句意：他们两个被邀请参加采访节目。interview意为：采访。专题六 │ 备用习题 11．B 考查形容词。句意：那个男孩向电视女主持人讲述了他未知的将来而那个女孩对未来充满了热情。
12．B 考查名词。句意见上题解析。
13．C 考查名词。根据文章可知他们都失去了胳膊，所以他们用“脚趾”写字。
14．D 考查名词。句意：他们不同的态度决定了不同的生活。
15．A 考查形容词。句意：不幸的灾难可能会随时袭击我们的生活。
16．B 考查名词。句意：面对不幸你如何对待它是对你性格的真正考验。专题六 │ 备用习题 17．A 考查名词。句意见上题解析。
18．C 考查动词。句意：如果你选择抱怨或逃避痛苦经历，它将永远伴随你。
19．D 考查名词。句意：如果你选择坚强，苦难就会变成幸运。此处hardship，misfortune，disaster为同义词。
20．D 考查名词。句意：如果你选择坚强，苦难就会变成幸运。新的希望就会产生。专题六 │ 备用习题(三)
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary.I was __1__ to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__ it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one __3__ , to be honest, I found it extremely __4__ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and __5__ not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the __6__ bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are __7__ both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt __8__ 专题六 │ 备用习题to make things so difficult for me.Now, after studying English at university for three years, I __9__ that monolingual dictionaries are __10__ in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is, __11__ ，often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two __12__ in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __13__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __14__ meaning of a word in English! __15__，she insisted that I read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary __16__ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__， I have come to see what she meant.专题六 │ 备用习题 Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a (n) __18__ number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions.When I read these definitions, I am __19__ exposed to (接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__20__ this, I can express myself more easily in English.
1．A.worried B．sad
C．surprised D．nervous
2．A.Because B．Although
C．Unless D．If
3．A.but B．so C．or D．and专题六 │ 备用习题4．A.difficult B．interesting
C．ambiguous D．practical
5．A.thus B．even
C．still D．again
6．A.new B．familiar
C．earlier D．ordinary
7．A.explained B．expressed
C．described D．created
8．A.offered B．agreed
C．decided D．happened专题六 │ 备用习题9．A.imagine B．recommend
C．predict D．understand
10．A.natural B．better
C．easier D．convenient
11．A.at best B．in fact
C．at times D．in case
12．A.words B．names
C．ideas D．characters
13．A.hope B．declare
C．doubt D．tell专题六 │ 备用习题14．A.exact B．basic
C．translated D．expected
15．A.Rather B．However
C．Therefore D．Instead
16．A.when B．before
C．until D．while
17．A.Largely B．Generally
C．Gradually D．Probably
18．A.extra B．average
C．total D．limited专题六 │ 备用习题19．A.repeatedly B．nearly
C．immediately D．anxiously
20．A.According to B．In relation to
C．In addition to D．Because of
[解析]
1．C 从下文可知，学生一般都用双解词典，而“我”一进入大学，姑妈就给了“我”一本英英词典，因此“我”感到“惊讶”。
2．B 句意：尽管这本词典是为了非本国学生编写的，但是我的同学没有一个有的。根据句意，B项正确。专题六 │ 备用习题 3．D 从下文可知，此处两个分句之间存在的是承接关系，应用and，故D项正确。
4．A difficult“难的”；interesting“有趣的”；ambiguous“不明确的，模棱两可的”；practical“实用的”。由上下文可知，作者开始用英英词典的时候还是感到困难的。故A项正确。
5．C thus“这样”；even“甚至”；still“仍然，还”；again“再，又”。根据句意选C项。
6．B 句意：我习惯于常用的双解词典。familiar，“熟悉的”，符合题意。
7．A 在双解词典中单词用两种语言解释，故用A项。专题六 │ 备用习题 8．C offer to do sth“自愿做某事”；agree to do sth“同意做某事”；decide to do sth“决定做某事”；happen to do sth“碰巧做某事”。因为双解词典比较容易，用英英词典较难，看不懂。句意：我不知道姑妈为什么决定把事情搞得这么难。故C项正确。
9．D 句意：在大学学了三年的英语，我知道了英英词典在学习外语中更好。imagine“想象”；recommend“推荐”；predict“预言”；understand“理解”。故D项正确。
10．B 从下文可知英英词典比双解词典好，故B项正确。专题六 │ 备用习题 11．B 句意：像我发现的那样，在两种语言中，两个单词的含义实际上没有绝对的对应。at best“最好，至多，充其量”；in fact“事实上”；at times“有时”；in case“万一”。根据句意选B项正确。
12．A 此处表示两种语言中的单词意义不能完全匹配，故用words。
13．B 句意：我姑妈甚至说汉语翻译永远不会给出一个英语单词的确切意义。注意go so far as to…意为“竟然到……地步；甚至……”。declare“宣布，宣称”，后可直接接宾语从句；doubt“怀疑”；tell要接双宾语。故B正确。专题六 │ 备用习题 14．A exact“确切的”；basic“基础的”；translated“被翻译的”；expected“期望的”。根据句意，A项正确。
15．C 上下文之间为因果关系，故选C项，therefore“因此”。
16．A 句意：我姑妈坚持主张，当我想更好地理解单词的含义时，还是看英英词典上的定义。when，“当……时”，可以是“点”的时间，也可以是“段”的时间，此处表示“点”的时间，而while只表示“段”的时间。
17．C 三年中通过使用英英词典我懂得了姑妈的意图了。此处表示一个渐进的过程。gradually“逐渐地”。专题六 │ 备用习题 18．D 由下文的2000单词可知，这本英英词典的词汇是“有限的”。
19．A 因为这本词典词汇量有限，所以这些基本单词重复出现。A项正确。
20．D according to“根据”；in relation to“与……有关”；in addition to“除……之外”；because of“因为”。句意：因为我使用英英词典，因此我可以更加容易地用英语表达我自己。
专题六 │ 备用习题专题七 夹叙夹议型完形填空专题七 夹叙夹议型完形填空专题七 │ 专题导读 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，它暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确地利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的。 (2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。 专题七 │ 专题导读 [2012?江西卷]
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
That holiday morning I didn't have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother __1__me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, __2__， I felt like getting up early.专题七 │ 真题典例 I stood by my window overlooking the __3__， having nothing better to do. But as it turned out, I was soon to learn about something __4__ in life.
As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off, I __5__ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its __6__ and a basket of rags and bottles on its back-carriage. He __7__ from one car to another, washing and cleaning them. From the water on the ground, it seemed that he had already __8__ washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars. He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.专题七 │ 真题典例 Several thoughts __9__ my mind as I watched him work. He wasn't well-dressed. He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) __10__ T-shirt. The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern __11__would want to be seen riding on. But he seemed __12__ with life. There he was, working hard at his small business, __13__ at passers-by and stopping to chat now and then __14__ elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
There was a noticeable touch of __15__ in the way he seemed to be doing things— __16__ the windscreen(挡风玻璃)，then standing back to admire it; scrubbing(擦净) the wheels and _17_， standing back to see what they looked like after the scrub.专题七 │ 真题典例 It was a __18__ to learn, I felt. At no age need one have to beg for a __19__ if one has good health and is willing to work hard. For a while I felt __20__ of myself. Young as I am—just sixteen, and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.
1. A．forces B．allows
C．causes D．forbids
2. A．otherwise B．therefore
C．however D．besides
3. A．parking lot B．bus stop
C．school D．market专题七 │ 真题典例4. A．interesting B．surprising
C．awful D．useful
5. A．noticed B．recognized
C．called D．assisted
6. A．back B．handle
C．wheel D．seat
7. A．searched B．left
C．moved D．wandered
8. A．stopped B．started
C．intended D．finished专题七 │ 真题典例9. A．crossed B．slipped
C．disturbed D．inspired
10. A．attractive B．shiny
C．simple D．expensive
11. A．repairmen B．businessmen
C．drivers D．cyclists
12. A．busy B．content
C．careful D．bored
13. A．waving B．looking
C．laughing D．pointing专题七 │ 真题典例14. A．about B．for
C．with D．like
15. A．worry B．respect
C．sympathy D．pride
16. A．cleaning B．fixing
C．replacing D．covering
17. A．still B．yet
C．again D．soon
18. A．lesson B．subject
C．skill D．fact专题七 │ 真题典例19. A．business B．living
C．success D．right
20. A．tired B．doubtful
C．fearful D．ashamed
【要点综述】本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要介绍了一天作者站在自家的窗户前观望时，看到一个老人通过自己的劳动赚取所得，由此受到启发，只要一个人身体健康且勤劳，他在任何年龄都不需要靠乞讨为生。
1．B 由on holidays以及后文提到的“我”会充分利用这一睡觉的时间可知，在假期母亲应该是允许(allow)“我”睡懒觉。force意为“强迫”；cause意为“引起”；forbid意为“禁止”。专题七 │ 真题典例 2．C 由前文“睡懒觉”以及本句“在这个特别的早上，我想早起些”，可知前后为转折关系，故选C项，however意为“然而”，符合语境。otherwise意为“否则”；therefore意为“因此”；besides意为“而且，还有”。
3．A 由下一段第一句“As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off …”可知作者应该是观望下面的停车场。
4．D 由最后一段作者得出的感悟可知，作者应该是了解了一些在生活中有用的(useful)东西。
5．A “我”往下看时，应该是注意到(notice)了一个老人……专题七 │ 真题典例 6．B 后文提到自行车后有一篮子布条和瓶子，那么桶应该是挂在自行车的把手上。handle意为“把手”，符合语境。
7．C 由后文的“from one car to another”可知他应该是从一辆车移动到(move)另一辆车。search意为“寻找”；leave意为“离开”；wander意为“徘徊，漫游”，一般指漫无目的地走动，不符合语境。
8．D 由already以及a dozen or more cars可知此处指他已经完成了(finish)很多辆车的清洗工作。专题七 │ 真题典例 9．A 当“我”看着他工作时，几种想法在脑海里交替出现(cross)。slip意为“滑”；disturb意为“打扰”；inspire意为“激励”。
10．C 由前一句中的“He wasn't well-dressed.”可知，他穿着简单。
11. D 由本句中的The bicycle可知此处应该是现在的骑车人(cyclist)不想被看到骑他那种自行车。
12．B 此句为上一句的转折句，再结合后一句“… working hard at his small business … stopping to chat now and then …”可推知他对自己的生活是感到满意的(content)。专题七 │ 真题典例 13．A 由后文的语境“他时不时停下来和附近去市场的老人交谈”可知，他应该是朝路人招手(wave)。
14．C 表示“和某人交谈”用chat with sb.。
15．D 由后文“…then standing back to admire it…standing back to see what they looked like after the scrub.”可知他擦完后，还会往后站，看车子擦过后的样子，可推出他应该是对自己做的工作有一丝自豪。
16．A 由第三段的“… washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.”可知此处应该说擦洗(clean)挡风玻璃。专题七 │ 真题典例 17．C 由前一句“then standing back to admire it”可知此处指他再次往后站欣赏车子。
18．A
19．B beg for a living乞讨为生。
20．D 由后一句“Young as I am …”可知相比之下，作者感到羞愧。专题七 │ 真题典例专题七 │ 新题预测(一)
The wisdom my 77-year-old father has passed on to me came more through osmosis (潜移默化) than lectures. My dad's __1__ shines through all my life.
Old age hasn't __2__ him, mainly because he doesn't think almost-80 is old. He had ever trained for a charity (慈善) __3__ across the Hudson River in New York. He wore his custom-fitted diving suit, but he still got so __4__. We warmed him and wrapped him in a sleeping bag. “Oh, __5__，it isn't that bad，” he'd say, “I am fine. ” He always is. He did __6__ the Hudson swim a month later.
If you ask my father whether or not his life has been hard, he will say he is __7__. He means the kind of happiness that comes from __8__ a well-cooked family meal, taking a good long run or growing a perfect tomato. Did I mention that he used to run marathons before his knee replacement surgery? He's the one who __9__ me I could do it, too. “__10__ can run a marathon，” he said, “as long as you keep training. ”专题七 │ 新题预测 My father was born in 1933. His childhood took a __11__ at the beginning of World War Ⅱ： His father joined the French Army and was __12__ by the Germans and spent the war in a prison camp. My dad and his mother and sister were shipped off to New Jersey to live with relatives. His mother __13__ from depression, and Dad went to boarding school in New England from the sixth grade on. Yet in all Dad's dinner table __14__， there have been many times when he turned them into __15__ stories.专题七 │ 新题预测 After a family dinner the other night, Papa Bob advised us to try the skydiving __16__. “Sixty-five seconds of free falling，” he said, “I __17__ it. I should have been a paratrooper(伞兵)．”
He loves getting cards in the mail, and usually I'm __18__， so instead I call him on Father's Day. But this year I've __19__ to be early for once. I want to let him know how much he __20__ to me. Dad, thank you—for all of it and mostly for your enduring faith that everything will be OK.专题七 │ 新题预测1．A.ability B．gentleness
C．optimism D．humor
2．A.comforted B．slowed
C．punished D．accused
3．A.swim B．donation
C．volunteer D．activity
4．A.warm B．sad
C．calm D．cold
5．A.come out B．come back
C．come over D．come on专题七 │ 新题预测6．A.complete B．stop
C．delay D．celebrate
7．A.ordinary B．young
C．disabled D．lucky
8．A.sharing B．containing
C．destroying D．buying
9．A.informed B．appointed
C．insisted D．convinced
10．A.Anyone B．Someone
C．None D．Others专题七 │ 新题预测11．A.step B．turn
C．sigh D．dream
12．A.killed B．caught
C．driven D．fired
13．A.resulted B．judged
C．suffered D．separated
14．A.experiences B．manners
C．stories D．news
15．A.foolish B．great
C．short D．aggressive专题七 │ 新题预测16．A.chance B．adventure
C．visit D．movement
17．A.loved B．hated
C．used D．assessed
18．A.late B．early
C．noisy D．quiet
19．A.refused B．permitted
C．allowed D．decided
20．A.occurs B．possesses
C．means D．proves专题七 │ 新题预测 【要点综述】 作者的父亲用实际行动告诉作者——笑对人生的人比在挫折面前悲悲戚戚的人更能得到快乐的垂青，这让作者受益匪浅，对父亲深怀感激之情。
1．C 根据下文可知，“我”的父亲比较乐观(optimism)。
2．B 根据下文的“mainly because he doesn't think almost-80 is old”可知，“我”的父亲并不认为将近八十岁就老了，即年龄大并没有让他慢(slowed)下了。
3．A 根据下文的“He wore his custom-fitted diving suit”以及“He did … the Hudson River swim a month later.”可知，“我”的父亲曾经为参加一个慈善游泳(swim)活动训练过。
专题七 │ 新题预测 4．D 根据本句中的“but”以及下文的“We warmed him and wrapped him in a sleeping bag”可知“我”的父亲仍然感到很冷(cold)。
5．D 根据上下文内容可知，此处表示“得了吧(come on)，没那么糟糕”。
6．A “我”的父亲一个月的确游完(complete)了哈德逊河。
7．D 如果你问“我”的父亲生活是否艰难，他会说自己很幸运(lucky)。
8．A 他的意思是这种幸福感来源于共享(sharing)精心烹饪的家常便饭……专题七 │ 新题预测 9．D 由下文的“I could do it，too”以及“as long as you keep training”可知，“我”的父亲使“我”相信(convinced)“我”也能参加马拉松赛跑。
10．A 由下文的“as long as you keep training”可知，此处表示任何人(Anyone)都可以参加马拉松赛跑。
11．B 根据下文的“His father joined the French Army and was … by the Germans and spent the war in a prison camp.”可知，“我”的父亲于1933年出生，在二战初他的童年发生了变化(turn)。
12．B 根据空后面的“spent the war in a prison camp”可知，“我”的祖父被捕(caught)了。专题七 │ 新题预测 13．C 他的母亲患(suffered)有抑郁症。suffer from 表示“遭受”。
14．C 根据本段最后一句中的“stories”可知，此空应用“stories”。
15．B 有很多次“我”的父亲把他餐桌上很平常的故事变成了非常了不起的(great)故事。
16．B 根据下文的“Sixty-five seconds of free falling”可知，爸爸建议我们尝试特技跳伞冒险(adventure)活动。
17．A 根据下文的“I should have been a paratrooper(伞兵)．”可推知，“我”的父亲热爱(loved)跳伞运动。专题七 │ 新题预测 18．A 根据下文的“so instead I call him on Father's Day. But this year I've … to be early for once.”可知“我”对父亲的祝贺常常晚到(late)。
19．D 根据上下文内容以及“But”可知，今年“我”决定(decided)这一次要早一点儿向父亲表示祝贺。
20．C 根据下文内容可知，“我”想要父亲知道他对“我”有多重要(means)。专题七 │ 新题预测(二)
For hours I had been traveling up the Nile Valley, from Luxor to Cairo, on a train jammed with Egypt's working poor.
At 1 a．m.I __1__ Cairo and took a taxi to Tahrir Square.I was __2__ and, having been to Cairo before, knew that while most of the city was __3__ at this hour, a couple of fast-food restaurants would be open there.
The taxi dropped me __4__ across the street from Hardee's.A moment later, just as I was about to __5__ the restaurant door, two street children ran towards me with full __6__ for food.专题七 │ 新题预测 Being a veteran (老练之人) traveler __7__ having once lived in Egypt for a year, I was no stranger to children __8__ or people asking me for help.But seldom had I been so __9__ by the sincerity of the request.
I turned back to the __10__ and asked them to wait while I went inside to buy them food.At the c课件493张PPT。题十 人物型阅读理解
专题十一 故事型阅读理解
专题十二 时闻型阅读理解
专题十三 广告型阅读理解
专题十四 文化教育型阅读理解
专题十五 史地自然型阅读理解
专题十六 社会生活型阅读理解教?
专题十七 科普知识型阅读理解 第三模块 阅读理解目 录第三模块 阅读理解第三模块 │ 考情分析 【考纲解读】
“侧重提高阅读能力”是高中英语教学大纲的明确规定。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。 【命题透视】
分析近三年的高考试题并结合该题型的命题规律可知，高考阅读理解试题有如下特点：
1．内容生活化
阅读理解所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是表现实际生活，其强调语篇选材的真实性。
2．体裁多元化
阅读理解所选的语段包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、第三模块 │ 考情分析史地常识、科普等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
3．信息密集化
试题材料含有较高的信息量。近年来阅读理解继续保持了较大的阅读量，要求考生准确而迅速地从特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。阅读理解选篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息。从语言运作的表层看，各段文字并不构成很大的理解困难，但是隐藏在表层结构下面的则是较复杂的信息。第三模块 │ 考情分析 4．结构复杂化
阅读理解的语篇结构都具有较大的复杂性。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均适用了较高级的组篇手段，这种来源于真实语料的作品同考生平时在课本中接受的清楚明白的语段是很不一样的。
5．用词高级化
高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是。凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉语注释； 纯超纲词汇也屡有出现； 一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
第三模块 │ 考情分析 6．设题创新化
高考阅读理解题在保持传统命题的基础上，也在不断地借鉴和创新大学英语的命题方式。结构型命题是近两年高考阅读试题中全新的命题形式。这种命题侧重于对文章篇章结构和修辞(写作)手法以及例证、引用的功能的考查，是一种凌驾于信息阅读之上的更高难度的测试手段，较好地体现了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路。第三模块 │ 考情分析第三模块 │ 题型探究 阅读理解的能力要求主要包括如下几方面：
1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节(包括根据上下文推断生词的词义)；
2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；
3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；
4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断； 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
根据这五项要求，可将阅读理解的选择题归纳为以下几种题型：
? 探究点一 细节理解型
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接的辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：第三模块 │ 题型探究 1．一一对应型。
答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。
2．语言转述型。
这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。
第三模块 │ 题型探究 3．语意理解型。
这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上，通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。
4．是非辨别型。
这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。第三模块 │ 题型探究 5．事实排序型。
这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。
A．细节理解题主要设问的方式：
(1)Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?
(2)Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?
(3)What is the reason that …？
(4)What do we know about…？第三模块 │ 题型探究 (5)How did the people know the couple's problem?
(6)Why was the bike so important to the couple?
B．细节理解题主要的答题策略：
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。第三模块 │ 题型探究 (2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。第三模块 │ 题型探究 例1 [2012·江西卷]
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won't find out，” Mark said, “I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.”第三模块 │ 题型探究 Mark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine—one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked.“It's an experimental model，” his father had explained, “so don't touch it under any circumstances.” But his father's warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. 第三模块 │ 题型探究The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes！” Mark cried excitedly, “It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen：
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1：…
VOYAGER 2：… ”
第三模块 │ 题型探究 Mark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED.START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动)．”
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we'd better shut it off, Mark，” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
第三模块 │ 题型探究 But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION(目的地)：MARS. RETRIEVE DATE：2025.”第三模块 │ 题型探究56. Why did Mark touch the computer against his father's warning?
A．He wanted to take a voyage.
B．He wanted to practice his skill.
C．He was so much attracted by it.
D．He was eager to do an experiment.
57. Where did the boys' father most likely work?
A．In an electronic factory.
B．In a computer company.
C．In a scientific research center.
D．In an information processing center.第三模块 │ 题型探究58. Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.
A．a computer game
B．a company website
C．a software producer
D．an astronomy program
59. Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A．He was afraid of being scolded.
B．He didn't like the loud noise and light.
C．He didn't want to play games any more.
D．He was afraid something dangerous might happen.第三模块 │ 题型探究60. What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A．They were blown into the air.
B．They were sent to another planet.
C．They were hidden in the strong light.
D．They were carried away to another country.
第三模块 │ 题型探究 【要点综述】 本文为记叙文。主要介绍了一个好奇的孩子不顾当科学家的父亲的警告，动了他的电脑，并穿越到了2025年的火星的故事。
56. C 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.”可知，他被这台电脑吸引住了，才不顾父亲的警告，动了这台电脑。
57. C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“… to become a scientist like his father.”以及后文的内容可知，这位父亲极有可能是一位研究中心的科学家。第三模块 │ 题型探究 58. A 细节理解题。由第六段中的“It's a computer game …”可知，一开始马克以为这是一个游戏的名字。
59. D 细节理解题。由倒数第三、四段“The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume … He was really frightened.”可知，他害怕一些危险的事情会发生。
60. B 细节理解题。由最后一段“… DESTINATION(目的地)：MARS. ”可知他们被送到了火星上。第三模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点二 主旨大意型
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。主旨要义型题范围一般包括：短文标题、主旨大意或段落大意等。
此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。主题句的特点(1)语言具有：归纳性、概括性、抽象性； (2)常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等； 也常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but, however, nevertheless等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精炼。第三模块 │ 题型探究 A．主旨大意型试题主要的设题方式：
(1)Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?
(2)The best headline for this newspaper article is ________.
(3)What is the topic of the text?
(4)The text is mainly about ________.
(5)What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(6)What would be the best title for the text?第三模块 │ 题型探究 B．主旨大意型试题主要的解题策略：
(1) 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。找准主题句是关键。主题句通常在文章开头，有可能在一段的开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。第三模块 │ 题型探究 (2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
(3)抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。第三模块 │ 题型探究 例2 [2012·江西卷] 节选
For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
…第三模块 │ 题型探究 71. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
A．Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B．The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C．The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D．Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.第三模块 │ 题型探究 75. What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Air travel benefits people and industries.
B．Train travel has some advantages over air travel.
C．Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
【要点综述】本文为议论文。主要就当今一些人追求有速度的旅游提出了自己的看法，作者建议人们不妨不坐飞机，改乘其他交通工具，好好欣赏人生的旅途。第三模块 │ 题型探究 71. B 段落大意题。由节选的这一段(第一段)的一些信息，例如“…has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to…Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other…”可知第一段主要是想表达现代旅游的速度使旅途变得相当短。
75. D 主旨大意题。本段提到了飞机旅途之快，第二、三段提到了飞机旅途不能欣赏其旅程以及要走到机场这一路程，第四段提到了一些人还得依靠飞机旅途，但也提到这种方式不能让人充分享受旅途的自由，综观全文可知本文主要讲述了飞机旅途的得与失。第三模块 │ 题型探究 例3 [2012·湖南卷] 节选
Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
…第三模块 │ 题型探究 66. Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk's __.
A．remarkable design
B．interesting name
C．major features
D．basic elements
70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Harm of One-time Products
D.A Possible Alternative to Plastic第三模块 │ 题型探究 【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。
66. C 段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据节选的这一段(第一段)Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable…可以推知，选项C符合文意。
70. D 主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能力。根据文章节选的这一段(第一段)The material's …could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.以及后文具体谈论的该材料优于塑料的内容可以推知，选项D符合文意。第三模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点三 词义猜测型
历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意； 还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
A．词义猜测型试题主要的设题方式：
(1)The underlined words “took off ” in Paragraph 2 mean “________”．第三模块 │ 题型探究 (2)What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to?
(3)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that________.
(4)Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph?
(5)The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (Paragraph 6) most probably means ________.
(6)By saying “We needed them yesterday”(Paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots ________.第三模块 │ 题型探究 B．词义猜测型试题主要的解题策略：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。
语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇、短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略：
策略①：依据标点符号猜测词义
标点符号是词义猜测的最直接、最简单的信号词。比如，破折号(—)、冒号 ( : ) 常常起解释说明的作用，引号(“”)和( ( ) )有时也起到相同的作用。第三模块 │ 题型探究 例4 Morning noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked_husband.
The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the last paragraph probably mean a man who ________.
A．likes hunting B．is afraid of hens
C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife
[解析] D 破折号“—” 起进一步解释说明的作用。 由 句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择 D 项。 第三模块 │ 题型探究 策略②：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义
运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有： but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。
第三模块 │ 题型探究 例5 [2012·全国卷Ⅱ] 节选
The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.
What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A painting of the skeleton.
B．A photograph of Lucy.
C．A copy of the skeleton.
D．A written record of Lucy.第三模块 │ 题型探究 [解析] C 指代题。结合“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”中的real，可知这个词的含义是“复制品”。A“骨骼的绘画”； B“露西的照片”； D“露西的书面记录”，均与上下文语境不符。
策略③：依据下定义、作解释、打比喻等猜测词义
在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called (被称为), mean/ refer to/be(意指，是) 。 第三模块 │ 题型探究 例6 [2012·江苏卷] 节选
Franz Kafka wrote that “a_book_must_be_the_ax_(斧子)_for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us. ” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.
The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________.
A．realize our dreams
B．give support to our life
C．smooth away difficulties
D．awake our emotions第三模块 │ 题型探究 [解析] D 语意推测题。这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的表达手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意，故D项正确。
策略 ④ ：依据逻辑推理猜测词义
运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广、考查最多、也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。 第三模块 │ 题型探究 7 [2012·课标全国卷] 节选
·Try hands-on_science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.第三模块 │ 题型探究 What does “hands-on science” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Science games designed by kids.
B．Learning science by doing things.
C．A show of kids' science work.
D．Reading science books.
[解析] B 词义猜测题。根据节选的这一段中的“They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.”可知在这种博物馆中，孩子们通过按按钮、做实验和建东西去体验。所以B正确。第三模块 │ 题型探究 策略⑤：依据例证猜测词义
采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。
例8 [2012·重庆卷] 节选
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. 第三模块 │ 题型探究But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Understanding.
B．Increase.
C．Difference.
D．Study.第三模块 │ 题型探究 [解析] B 词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量的需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。本题是运用后文的例证猜测词义，For example是一个典型的信息提示词。
此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测的策略。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词策略主要表现在：
第三模块 │ 题型探究 策略 ① ：依据词性变化猜测词义
英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。
策略② ：依据词义变化 (词义引申) 猜测词义
英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。第三模块 │ 题型探究 策略③：依据词的派生和合成猜测词义
派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀、后缀组成。如：前缀 dis-， im-， ir-， un- 可以构成反义词； 后缀 less- 也可以构成反义词。遇到合成词时可以在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。
? 探究点四 推理判断型
推理判断型试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。第三模块 │ 题型探究做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等。(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因。(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度。(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
A.推理判断型试题主要的设题方式：
(1)It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…第三模块 │ 题型探究 (2)It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(3)It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(4)It implies that…
(5)Where would you most probably find this passage?
(6)What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?
第三模块 │ 题型探究 B．推理判断型试题主要的解题策略：
(1)根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：① to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)，常见于故事类的文章。②to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)，常见于广告类的文章。③to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)，多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题涉及各类文章，以议论文为主。文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场。阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文，前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立，而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，第三模块 │ 题型探究而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
(2)根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立。对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
①表示褒义的词语：positive(赞成的)；supporting(支持的)；praising(赞扬的)；optimistic(乐观的)；admiring(羡慕的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。第三模块 │ 题型探究②表示中立的词语：uninterested(无兴趣的，不感兴趣的); neutral(中立的); impersonal(不带个人感情的); subjective(主观的); objective(客观的)等。③表示贬义的词语：disgusted(感到恶心的，厌恶的); critical(批评的); negative(否定的，反对的); suspicious(怀疑的); tolerant(容忍的，忍让的); worried(担忧的)等。
第三模块 │ 题型探究 (3)根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上分析文章的结构框架； 同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。
(4)根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，第三模块 │ 题型探究也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据、推论有理、忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意；切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
例9 [2012·四川卷]
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are. 第三模块 │ 题型探究 There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.第三模块 │ 题型探究 The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars'(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.第三模块 │ 题型探究 41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A．The scenes are colorful and changeable.
B．There are many windows in the wooden house.
C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.第三模块 │ 题型探究 42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ________.
A．the kids like playing in trees
B．the kids are very familiar with trees
C．the kids have learned much knowledge
D．the kids find trees useful learning tools
43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．The change of seasons is easily felt.
B．The seasons make the scenes change.
C．The weather often changes in the forest.
D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.第三模块 │ 题型探究 44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B．To introduce her children's happy life in the forest.
C．To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D．To share the joy of living in the nature.
【要点综述】本文为记叙文，描述了作者与家人身居大自然中的切身感受。文章主要展示了作者居住环境的优美和在此美景中生活的惬意。
41. A 推理判断题。本段中提到，每面窗户都会有一幅不同的风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变化的。故选A。第三模块 │ 题型探究 42. C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Our kids have learned the names of the trees…As they tell all…white pines are the best climbing trees.”可知孩子们已经了解了周围环境包括树在内的很多知识。故答案选C。
43. A 推理判断题。根据本段对周围大自然的变化的描述可知，作者身处此地，能够很容易地感觉到季节的变换。故答案为A。
44. D 推理判断题。此题推测文章的写作目的。通读全文不难了解，作者是与读者分享身居大自然中的快乐生活。故答案为D。第三模块 │ 题型探究? 探究点五 篇章结构型
最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已经成为一种新颖而独立的阅读题型。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力； 考查考生对后文内容的预测能力； 考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。
A．篇章结构型试题主要的设题方式：
(1)How is the passage organized?
(2)Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?
(3)What will the author most probably talk about next?第三模块 │ 题型探究 (4)The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
(5)The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．
(6)The example of … is given to show/illustrate that________.
B．篇章结构型试题主要的解题策略：
(1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分； 总→分→总； 分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。
第三模块 │ 题型探究 (2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：①Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question，即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；②Argument/Idea → Evidence → Conclusion/Restating the idea/argument，即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可少的命题方向。第三模块 │ 题型探究“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
例10 [2012·北京卷] 节选
Wilderness
“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.第三模块 │ 题型探究 As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. 第三模块 │ 题型探究He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, 第三模块 │ 题型探究a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.第三模块 │ 题型探究 70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP：Central Point P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion第三模块 │ 题型探究 [解析] 70. D 文章结构题。 本文作者首先提出中心论点，然后从正反两个方面进行了论述，然后回到自己的观点，最后对自己的观点做了进一步的阐释。因此D为最佳答案。
第三模块 │ 题型探究第三模块 │ 应试点睛 要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分，学生必须具备《高中英语新课程标准》规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量，熟悉语法结构，拓宽知识面，熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章，提高阅读速度，提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外，在复习中，应该注意以下几点：
一、 速读全文，了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词(key words)、主题句(topic sentence)，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质，掌握文章大意。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文，速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分，这样就可以把握文章大意了。许多文章在第一段提出问题，中间段落进行分析、例证，最后一段是归纳结论，每段第一句话往往是主题句。第三模块 │ 应试点睛抓主题句，是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
二、详读细节，理顺思路与脉络
文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事； 论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可以根据文章的特点，详读细节，以时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。第三模块 │ 应试点睛 三、抓住主干，化解难句捕信息
要实现快速准确理解文章大意，就要学会抓句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论有多么长，多么复杂，都是辅助成分。要说明的核心问题是：我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章。做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。比如：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童)，I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了element is society就可以得知，社会是神童出现的一个因素。 第三模块 │ 应试点睛 四、规律技巧，轻松应考走捷径
分析研究阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面，将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：
考点规律(1)：举例子、打比喻处常考
为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，第三模块 │ 应试点睛这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实性”题型和“推断性”题型出现，但偏倾于“推断性”题型。
考点规律(2)：引用人物论断处常考
作者为了正确表达出自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此做文章。多以“推理性”题型为主，有时也出“细节事实性”题型。
考点规律(3)：转折处与强对比处常考
一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。第三模块 │ 应试点睛强对比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性？答曰：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他题型中。
考点规律(4)：复杂句式处常考
复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语从句、不定式、副词等。对文章段落之间关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其他题型。
第三模块 │ 应试点睛 考点规律(5)：因果句处常考
命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以“推理性”题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其他题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。
考点规律(6)：特殊标点符号处常考
由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体来说，特殊标点符号包括：①破折号(表解释)；②括号(表解释)；③冒号(表解释)；④引号(表引用)。第三模块 │ 应试点睛题型一般有推理题、主旨大意题、细节事实题等。
考点规律(7)：段首段尾句处常考
在短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处； 有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。
考点规律(8)：最高级与绝对性词汇处常考
文中若出现must，all，only，anyone，always，never等绝对性词汇或形容词副词的最高级形式，往往是考点，一般出“细节性问题”。因为这些地方概念绝对，答案唯一，无论是命题还是答题，都不会产生歧义。命题人员以此为考点，可保证命题绝对正确。第三模块 │ 应试点睛 以上分析，基本上概括了历届高考阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律，在读文章时，就要在这些考点常出现的地方作些记号。阅读完毕，这些作记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目，一一找到相对应的考点，再细细分析，然后做题。这样就避免做一题，看一下整个段落，甚至全文，从而节省了时间。 第三模块 │ 应试点睛专题十 人物型阅读理解专题十 人物型阅读理解专题十 │ 专题导读 人物类阅读属于记叙文文体，描写的都是比较有名的或有重大成就的人，如政治要人、艺术明星、体育明星等，内容主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。此类文体主要考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。 做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂、题目不好做的感觉。做题时要注意以下几点：(1)理清事件的线索； (2)分析人物的个性特点； (3)把握记叙的顺序，看是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。 专题十 │ 专题导读 [2012·四川卷]
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I_was_treading_water,_just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn't think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.专题十 │ 真题典例 I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start—there's a dark period in-between where you're neither one thing nor the other. You're out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you're too ashamed to say, “Well, I'm writing a novel, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to get there.”My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.专题十 │ 真题典例 Then I met an agent(代理商)who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal—that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.专题十 │ 真题典例 It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck—of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there's no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)．
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．I was waiting for good fortune.
B．I was trying to find an admirable job.
C．I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D．I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.专题十 │ 真题典例 2. The author decided to write a novel________.
A．to finish the writing course
B．to realize her own dream
C．to satisfy readers' wish
D．to earn more money
3. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?
A．Disturbed. B．Ashamed.
C．Confident. D．Uncertain.专题十 │ 真题典例 4. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?
A．It pays to stick to one's goal.
B．Hard work can lead to success.
C．She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D．There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
专题十 │ 真题典例 【要点综述】文章讲述了作者从英语文学专业毕业之后，不知道自己想要做什么，几经周折，最终幸运地找到了自己喜爱的职业。
1. C 推理判断题。根据前后文“but no sense of what I wanted to do”“just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, …then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job…”可知作者不知道自己想要做什么，什么工作适合自己。故选C。专题十 │ 真题典例 2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“…I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel.”可知作者决定写小说的目的只是满足自己内心深处的愿望，实现自己的梦想。故答案为B。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It takes confidence to make a new start”“My confidence dived”“Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.”及本段叙述了作者回答别人问题时提到“…I'm writing a novel, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to get there.”可知，此时作者的感觉应该是还不能完全确定是否还要继续写小说。故答案选D。专题十 │ 真题典例 4. A 推理判断题。本段作者表达刚刚开始时“there's no end in sight”到后来的“an unbelievable stroke of luck” “to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)”，想告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的。B项“刻苦努力是成功之路”，不符合文章意思。C、D项停留于文章表面意思。故答案为A。 专题十 │ 真题典例专题十 │ 新题预测(一)
As a preteen in New York, Whitney Johnson volunteered at soup kitchens and delivered clothes to the homeless. While at college, she started an English-language tutoring program for immigrant children. No one was surprised, then, when she chose to volunteer in an orphanage in Khayelitsha, one of South Africa's poorest areas, during her junior year abroad.
At the orphanage, Johnson discovered most of the children infected with HIV at birth, many abandoned by parents too sick to care for them, or neglected by surviving relatives. Few were receiving the care needed to stay healthy. Many died. When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.
After graduation, Johnson began a fund-raising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA, a nonprofit organization intended to provide services for HIV-positive (阳性的) kids aged 4 to 18 in Khayelitsha. Now UBA is housed in a church big enough for offices and the children. 专题十 │ 新题预测The staff includes counselors (咨询师), a social worker, a nurse, a cook, and a handful of volunteers, ensuring that each child has access to proper care, a free healthy meal, and emotional support. Once a week, she makes sure the children receive age-appropriate lessons about AIDS. The social worker sees to it that the kids are enrolled (注册) in school and have safe living conditions—especially those without parents.
Johnson plans to soon relocate UBA to an even larger location with more medical staff and a field “so the kids can run around and just feel like kids”. 专题十 │ 新题预测She's also working with the South African Department of Health so that the new center can distribute drugs and give blood tests.
“Many people think that HIV means death, but it doesn't，” Johnson says. “There's so much that can be done.” In the five years since the center opened, not one of the 200 kids in the program has died. “It's so emotional to see the strong, independent people they become.” One teenage girl who had received help at UBA even announced that she wanted to become a nurse.
专题十 │ 新题预测1. What is the text mainly about?
A．A kind girl caring for children with HIV.
B．A poor area stricken by poverty and disease.
C．A nonprofit organization providing services for kids.
D．Abandoned children infected with HIV.
2. After graduating from college, Whitney Johnson ________.
A．volunteered at soup kitchens in New York
B．went to study abroad for a year
C．started an English-language tutoring program
D．began collecting money to found UBA专题十 │ 新题预测3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Johnson infected with HIV at birth.
B．Johnson opened UBA during her junior year.
C．Johnson majored in English at college.
D．Johnson began to volunteer at an early age.
4. According to the passage, UBA ________.
A．distributes drugs and gives blood tests
B．is located in South Africa
C．is an orphanage in Khayelitsha
D．trains girls to be nurses专题十 │ 新题预测5. What can we learn from the passage?
A．Kids in the UBA program are all without parents.
B．The orphanage also provides school lessons for the kids.
C．Johnson is happy about what she is doing.
D．HIV can be cured with the help of UBA.专题十 │ 新题预测 【要点综述】 Whitney Johnson从十几岁起至上大学期间就积极参加志愿者活动。国外留学毕业后回到非洲，筹款成立UBA，帮助染上HIV的孩子，并取得了很大成就。
1．A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，Whitney Johnson从十几岁起至上大学期间就积极参加志愿者活动。国外留学毕业后回到非洲，筹款成立UBA，帮助染上HIV的孩子，并取得了很大成就。因此正确选项为A。其余选项均为文中局部信息。专题十 │ 新题预测 2．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后“When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.”和第三段开头“After graduation, Johnson began a fund-raising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA”可知，她毕业后筹款成立了UBA机构。因此正确选项为D。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a preteen in New York, Whitney Johnson volunteered at soup kitchens and delivered clothes to the homeless.”可知Johnson从十几岁起就积极参加志愿者活动。因此正确选项为D。专题十 │ 新题预测 4．B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的信息：Johnson在非洲留学第三年时在南非最穷的地方之一Khayelitsha的一个孤儿院做志愿者工作及第二段最后“When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.”第三段“After graduation, Johnson began a fund-raising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA…Now UBA is housed in a church big enough for offices and the children”等信息可以推知UBA的地点就在南非。因此正确选项为B。专题十 │ 新题预测 5．C 推理判断题。文章最后一段说明了Johnson和她的UBA取得的成就。从Johnson的话“It's so emotional to see the strong, independent people they become”可知她对自己做的事情很满意。因此正确选项为C。专题十 │ 新题预测(二)
He may not have learned to read or write until he is 91, but Jim Henry is becoming a literary star.
Since the 98-year-old Academy Point resident published his first book Jwa Fisherman's Language, in Nov., 2011, he and his family have been in a world of book printings, agents, publicity, and film rights.
The book's first printings of 780 copies were sold out in just two weeks and 1,000 more arrived last week.A New York City film producer has contacted Henry and his family.专题十 │ 新题预测 A German television station and a Greek newspaper are doing stories about him.There's an offer for an audio book.And people from not just around the country but the world have called and emailed wanting a book.
When he was a third-grade student, his father made him and his brother quit school, so they could work odd jobs.Over the years, he hid his illiteracy (无学识) from friends and relatives by employing a variety of tricks, such as ordering what he heard someone else asked for when he went to a restaurant.专题十 │ 新题预测 Then, seven years ago, at 91, Henry was inspired after learning about the story of George Dawson, the grandson of a slave who wanted to earn his high school diploma by learning how to read and write at 98.Dawson went on to write the book Life Is So Good.
Henry began by reading books designed for first-graders and spent countless hours practicing how to write, first the alphabet and his name, then small words.Mark Hogan, a retired East Lyme English teacher who is a volunteer, spent many hours with Henry helping him read and write and editing the book.专题十 │ 新题预测 1．Why did Jim Henry become famous?
A．Because his story was written in a textbook.
B．Because his book was translated into foreign languages.
C．Because he published his first book at the age of 98.
D．Because his story was spread widely online.
2．Why did Henry stop going to school in the third grade?
A．He had to support his brother to study.
B．He wasn't interested in studying at all.
C．He was often laughed at by his classmates.
D．He had to help support his family.专题十 │ 新题预测 3．What made Henry learn how to read and write again?
A．The story of George Dawson.
B．The book Life Is So Good.
C．The requests of his family.
D．The encouragement from Mark Hogan.
4．What can we learn from Henry's story?
A．Knowledge is power.
B．It's never too old to learn.
C．You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
D．A little learning is a dangerous thing.专题十 │ 新题预测 【要点综述】 Jim Henry在91岁开始识字，在98岁出版了自己的书。这本以他个人经历写成的书一经出版便受到人们的追捧，甚至还受到好莱坞制片人的青睐。
1．C 细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，Jim Henry因为在98岁时出版了Jwa Fisherman's Language而出名。
2．D 细节理解题。文章第四段第一句说，三年级时，Jim Henry的父亲让他和弟弟辍学去打零工，由此可知D项正确。专题十 │ 新题预测 3．A 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段Henry was inspired after learning about the story of George Dawson…可知，Jim Henry受到George Dawson的影响，而重新点燃了学习的激情。
4．B 推理判断题。综合全文，Henry在91岁开始识字，在98岁出版了自己的书而且获得了巨大的成功，由此推断B项正确。C项“使年老守旧的人接受新事物是很难的”与文章传递的主题信息不相符。 专题十 │ 新题预测专题十 │ 备用习题(一)
Before she appeared on the reality show(真人秀) Britain's Got Talent, Susan Boyle was just an ordinary middle-aged British woman.Now all this is going to change.
She lives in a house with her cat Pebbles in a tiny Scottish town.Because of learning difficulties, she doesn't have much education.But what she does have is a very good voice.As a kid, she sang in church and choirs and school plays.For a living, she sang at local pubs. When she took the stage on April 10th her hair was untidy and her clothes seemed just_one_step_up_from rags.The audience laughed at her. But then she opened her mouth.A few bars into the song and the laughing audience went silent.A beautiful voice was singing I Dreamed a Dream from the musical Les Miserables.Everyone was amazed.At the end of her song, the audience jumped to their feet and applauded wildly.
Almost overnight, Susan became a household name.She won fans and millions of admirers.Her online videos have drawn over 85.2 million hits.专题十 │ 备用习题 Susan's story proved the truth of an old saying: “Never judge the book by its cover.” Susan may look ordinary, and doesn't have much dress sense, but she can certainly sing.
Susan's fans admire her courage, as much as they do her voice.She has experienced mockery and many disappointments, but her love for music has kept her going, which is worth anyone's respect.专题十 │ 备用习题 1．According to the passage, Susan Boyle ________.
A. is a famous young actress
B. became famous after a show
C. used to be a good student
D. is good at dancing and has millions of admirers
2．The underlined phrase “just one step up from” in the third paragraph probably means________.
A. far from B. close to
C. different from D. the same as专题十 │ 备用习题 3．The audience jumped and applauded wildly because________.
A. her hair was untidy and her clothes seemed just one step up from rags
B. she looked very funny
C. she sang so well that everyone was amazed
D. she made a foolish mistake in the end专题十 │ 备用习题 4．Susan Boyle has many fans now because of ________.
A. her beautiful face
B. her knowing how to dress
C. her good education
D. her beautiful voice and courage
5．The passage is mainly about________，
A．how to win fans
B. how to sing well
C. a woman's sudden success
D. a woman's simple life专题十 │ 备用习题 【要点综述】 本文介绍了苏珊·波伊尔在英国著名电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》中一夜成名的故事。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第四段“Almost overnight, Susan became a household name.”可知苏珊·波伊尔在电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》的一次演出后就一夜成名，故选B项。
2．B 词义猜测题。根据文中的“her hair was untidy”和“The audience laughed at her”可知她的穿着不好，接近于破烂(rags)，故选B项。专题十 │ 备用习题 3．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“A beautiful voice was singing I Dreamed a Dream from the musical Les Miserables.Everyone was amazed.At the end of her song, the audience jumped to their feet and applauded wildly”可知，人们欢呼鼓掌是因为她确实唱得太好了，故选C项。
4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Susan's fans admire her courage, as much as they do her voice…but her love for music has kept her going, which is worth anyone's respect.”可知人们是因为她动听的歌声和坚韧的勇气而迷恋她，故选D项。
专题十 │ 备用习题 5．C 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍苏珊·波伊尔在电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》的一次演出后就一夜成名，故选C项。
(二)
Down on the beach of Dover,56-year-old Channel swimmer Jackie Cobell bravely set off for Calais.The time was 6：40 am.28 hours and 44 minutes later the exhausted，successful mother from Kent crawled (爬行) to the shore and walked proudly into the record books.After five years in training，Mrs.Cobell became the slowest person to cross the Channel under her own steam.The previous record for the slowest crossing，set by Henry Sullivan at 26 hours and 50 minutes，专题十 │ 备用习题has stood for 87 years before Mrs.Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning.
She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first one way，then the other.It turned the 21-mile crossing into a 65-mile one.She declared，“Time and tide wait for no man—and they certainly didn't wait for me.I was fully expecting it to get dark before I got to Calais but I never imagined I'd also see the dawn again.But I wasn't going to give up.”
Her feat(壮举) raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship for research into Huntingdon's disease，a sum that was continuing to grow as news of her achievement spread.专题十 │ 备用习题That was why she did it.“I don't really know myself，” she said.“I just kept thinking of all the people I'd be letting down if I stopped.”
Mrs.Cobell took to the water so well at school.But after bringing up two daughters，she started to gain weight.Five years ago she took up swimming again and decided to prepare for the Channel challenge to lose weight.She became much fitter.Then came the big swim.“I practiced on Windermere Lake，” she said.“It's about half the distance of the Channel so I just doubled it，added some extra time，and worked out I could probably get to Calais in about 16 hours.”专题十 │ 备用习题 Her husband David，trainer，official observer and friend sailed alongside her on a boat.She said，“I sang to keep myself going.When they told me I was a record breaker I thought they were just having a joke—until I realized it was the record for the slowest crossing.But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker.”
专题十 │ 备用习题 1．Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel in order to set a slowest record.
B．Mrs.Cobell raised $2,000 in all.
C．Mrs.Cobell used to swim very well.
D．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel in a day.专题十 │ 备用习题 2．According to Paragraph 1，Mrs.Cobell________.
A．started to learn swimming five years ago
B．arrived at Calais on late Sunday morning
C．wanted to break the record for the slowest crossing
D．was too exhausted to move after crossing the Channel
3．Why did Mrs.Cobell spend so much time crossing the Channel?
A．Because the tides changed her direction.
B．Because she was not in good condition.
C．Because she wasn't good at swimming.
D．Because the winds kept her from swimming fast.专题十 │ 备用习题 4．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel for the main purpose of________.
A．taking a risk
B．losing more weight
C．raising money for charity
D．becoming famous worldwide
5．How did Mrs.Cobell feel about the record she set?
A．Dissatisfied B．Excited
C．Annoyed D．Proud专题十 │ 备用习题 【要点综述】 为了给慈善事业募捐， 英国56岁的老妇横渡英吉利海峡，意外的是，她创造了最慢的纪录。
1．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mrs. Cobell took to the water so well at school.”可知答案。
2．B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The time was 6：40 am.28 hours and 44 minutes later”和“Mrs. Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning”可判断。
3．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first one way, then the other”可知。专题十 │ 备用习题 4．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Her feat (壮举) raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship” 和“ That was why she did it”可知。
5．A 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker ”可推断，她对这个纪录不满意。专题十 │ 备用习题(三)
He’s an old cobbler(修鞋匠)with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he at first told me：“I haven’t time. Take them to the other fellow on the main street; he’ll fix them for you right away.”
But I’d had my eyes on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman(手艺人). “No，”I replied，“the other fellow can’t do it well. ”专题十 │ 备用习题 “The other fellow” is one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys “while-U-wait”—without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys. They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap(鞋带)you might as well just throw away the pair.
The man saw I wouldn’t give in, and he smiled. He wiped his hands on his blue apron(围裙)，looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said. “Come back in a week.”
I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf.专题十 │ 备用习题 “See what I can do? ” he said with pride. “Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work. ”
When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand new to me.
He_was_something_out_of_an_ancient_legend,_this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where and, above all, his pride in his craft.
专题十 │ 备用习题 These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”， when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption(消费)rather than a way to realize their own abilities. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the old cobbler?
A．He was equipped with the best repairing tools.
B．He was the only cobbler in the Marais.
C．He was proud of his skills.
D．He was a native Parisian.专题十 │ 备用习题 2．The underlined part “He was something out of an ancient legend”(Paragraph 7)implies that________.
A．nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him
B．it was difficult to communicate with this man
C．the man was very strange
D．the man was too old
3．According to the author, many people work just to_____.
A．realize their abilities
B．gain happiness
C．make money
D．gain respect专题十 │ 备用习题 4．This story wants to tell us that________.
A．craftsmen make a lot of money
B．whatever you do, do it well
C．craftsmen need self-respect
D．people are born equal
[解析]
1．C 细节理解题。结合倒数第三段中的内容以及倒数第二段后半部分的内容可知修鞋匠为自己精湛的技艺感到骄傲。专题十 │ 备用习题 2．A 推理判断题。从文章第三段及第七段的内容可知大多数修鞋匠只是敷衍了事，而这位老修鞋匠全神贯注于自己的工作，为自己的技艺而骄傲，犹如古代的传说，由此可推断如今像他这样的人几乎找不到了。
3．C 推理判断题。最后一段提到只要有报酬，就有人去做，人们把工作看作是通往不断增加的消费的一条路，而不是实现自身能力的一种方式，由此可推断很多人工作只是为了“赚钱”。
4．B 主旨大意题。文章最后一句点明了主题，老修鞋匠把自己的工作完成得很好，从中获得了最大的满足，所以本文的主旨是不管做什么，都要把它做好。 专题十 │ 备用习题专题十一 故事型阅读理解专题十一 故事型阅读理解专题十一 │ 专题导读 故事类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些故事是以事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略； 有些故事是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，故事类文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局； (2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义； (3)若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。 专题十一 │ 专题导读 [2012·重庆卷]
One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装)．
On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, “I promised you a gift, and here it is. ”What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. 专题十一 │ 真题典例I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over how much I loved it!
One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”， which sounded ominous.
Christmas was coming. “Don't expect any presents this year，” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. “If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough.” As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.专题十一 │ 真题典例The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it.From my bedroom I heard him say, “What? He's all right？” He hung up and shouted upstairs. “The hospital said we can bring Richard home！”
“Thank God！” I heard Mum cry.
From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!专题十一 │ 真题典例 1. What happened to the author on September 11th, 1958?
A．He got a baby brother.
B．He got a Christmas gift.
C．He became four years old.
D．He received a doll.
2. What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Impossible. B．Boring.
C．Difficult. D．Fearful.专题十一 │ 真题典例 3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?
A．Excitement.
B．Happiness.
C．Sadness.
D．Disappointment.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A．A sad Christmas day.
B．Life with a lovely baby.
C．A special Christmas gift.
D．Memories of a happy family.专题十一 │ 真题典例 【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的礼物：人娃娃——我可爱的弟弟Richard。但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折，经医院抢救得生，这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。
1. A 细节理解题。虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃，但事实上是有了亲弟弟。
2. D 词义猜测题。从该句前半部分中的 “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”可知该词意思是“令人害怕的”。虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义，但只有fearful符合语境。
3. C 推理判断题。从第四段最后两句As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.可知父亲感到十分伤心。专题十一 │ 真题典例 4. C 主旨大意题。第一段一开始便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去，但后来还是得以平安回家，因此圣诞节并不悲课件34张PPT。专题二十四 短文写作 第五模块 短文写作目 录第五模块 短文写作第五模块 │ 考情分析 【考纲解读】
短文写作是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据提示语要求，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力，是一种复合型的题型。 【命题透视】
分析湖北高考短文写作，不难发现如下特点：
湖北卷“短文写作”一改以往命题给出具体内容要点的做法，要求考生根据英文提示，结合生活中的一个事例，根据所给的英语提示，写一篇话题作文。这种“开放式”的论述文的命题形式给考生很大的自由发挥空间，对写作的布局谋篇提出了较高要求，要求考生既要会发表观点认识，又要会进行描写叙述。这种写作命题有利于立体考查学生的语言知识、创新思维能力和价值观，具有较强的选拔功能；同时，也有助于引领高中教师在新课改的教学中认真落实“知识与能力、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观”的三维目标。 第五模块 │ 考情分析第五模块 │ 应试点睛 针对湖北短文写作的命题特点，在具体写作时要注意以下几点：
一、 读“提示语”，锁定写作“话题”
湖北高考的英文提示语其实是让学生在英文语境中选择一个恰如其分的话题，所以读懂提示语，选择合适的话题是写作的关键。近年来，话题的写作始终围绕中学生的健康成长、社会人生观、价值观等方面进行，写作时要做到“观点”和“事例”的统一性、互衬性。 二、 拟定提纲，按照规律行文写作
湖北高考英语短文写作多采用三段式结构，即引言(introduction)——主体(body)——结尾(conclusion)。引言部分通常给出，让学生在限定的范围内组织要点，完成主体部分和结尾部分。写作时要遵循以下规律：
1．开头部分
开头部分必须点题，用 2－3个句子完成，其中要有一个漂亮的过渡句。
第五模块 │ 应试点睛 2．主体部分
主体部分其实是让学生用言简意赅的语言叙述一个结构完整、思想意义饱满的事例。注意所讲的事例一定要能突出话题的中心，可用8—10个句子完成。
3．结尾部分
结尾部分要用概括性的语言来总结全文主题，得出结论，回归话题。其实，该部分就是在叙事的基础上加以评论，是记叙文写作中的“小抒情”。
第五模块 │ 应试点睛专题二十四 短文写作专题二十四 短文写作(一)
[2012·湖北卷]
请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈昨天，今天及明天。
You cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you make use of it.
注意： ①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。专题二十四 │ 真题典例 【思路点拨】本篇作文属于夹叙夹议的半开放式作文，要求考生结合生活中的事例来诠释“我们不能选择我们被给予的东西，但我们能选择如何利用好给予我们的东西”。考生在写作过程中一定要结合生活中的事例(事例的篇幅应该占大部分)进行总结和提炼，起到点睛作用。注意生活事例列举部分应该用一般过去时，而最后的总结部分应该用一般现在时。以2～3段为宜。写作过程中应适当注意素材及词语的选择，注意对生活感知能力的挖掘。专题二十四 │ 真题典例One possible version：
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available. Soon, I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.
专题二十四 │ 真题典例 My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are. 专题二十四 │ 真题典例(二)
[2011·湖北卷]
请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。
Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork. Teamwork shows us how other people's roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；专题二十四 │ 真题典例(二)
[2011·湖北卷]
请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。
Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork. Teamwork shows us how other people's roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；⑤词数为100左右。 专题二十四 │ 真题典例One possible version：
Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me.
In fact, I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school. At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students care little about class activities. As a result, I was tired out and depressed. Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others. Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class. 专题二十四 │ 真题典例 It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficiently. 专题二十四 │ 真题典例(三)
[2010·湖北卷]
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
注意：①无须写标题；
②内容只需涉及一个方面；
③词数为100左右。专题二十四 │ 真题典例One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive/ fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted. Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题二十四 │ 真题典例 A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
It is safe/ no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we smile as much as possible. 专题二十四 │ 真题典例专题二十四 │ 新题预测 请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈昨天、今天及明天。
Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift.That is why it is called the present.
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
④词数为120左右。One possible version：
All the past things become history, which cannot be changed. However, in daily life, people always say that if they did this or that, they would be better off now. Does this make any sense? No. It's widely acknowledged that you cannot change the past whatever you do. Then why should we have regrets for what happened in the past? Similarly, we should not attach too much importance to the future, for it is really something uncertain unless you make it come true. 专题二十四 │ 新题预测 Therefore, the present, which is what we are sure about, is very important, because by making full use of it we can find a way to success. Please seize the hour, seize the day and treasure every moment that you have！专题二十四 │ 新题预测专题二十四 │ 备用习题(一)
请根据以下提示，结合你生活中的一个事例用英语写一篇短文。
Many students may have had the experience of cheating in exams, which not only results in an unfair competition but also has a bad effect on the habit of study, ruining the creativity and self-confidence of those students.
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限； ③内容必须结合生活中的一个事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名及班级名称；
⑤词数为120左右。
One possible version：
Cheating in exams seems to be inevitable even though we all know it is dishonest. When having difficulty passing exams, those who don't study hard or grasp what they have learnt tend to cheat in order to get high grades.专题二十四 │ 备用习题 One of my classmates is just such a guy. When faced with exams, he tried to use different ways to cheat like passing small pieces of paper with answers, referring to his books or copying others' answers. As a result, he did get a better grade which was beyond his own ability. Gradually, he became increasingly dependent on others' answers rather than think for himself. What's more, he became less and less confident of dealing with difficult problems.
It's obvious that cheating does harm to us. We should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard.专题二十四 │ 备用习题(二)
请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文。
A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams. (by J. Barrymore)
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌之外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
④词数为120左右。专题二十四 │ 备用习题One possible version：
Hopes and dreams are important in daily life. HOPE means “Hold On, Pain Ends”. I think young people should have dreams and hopes, but they should never have regrets.
I had a dream when I was a little girl. I wanted to learn the piano, because I thought girls who could play the piano were elegant and beautiful. However, my mother told me that my fingers were too short to play the piano. So my dream could only be a dream in my head. 专题二十四 │ 备用习题Years later, I walked past a piano shop that offered piano lessons. Suddenly I realized I still wanted to learn the piano. I told myself I shouldn't have any regrets. Then I made my dream come true.
My experience tells me that hopes and dreams are the inspiration that makes me move forward all the time.专题二十四 │ 备用习题(三)
一个好的学生应该具有许多优秀品质(如下图所示)，你认为哪个或哪两个是最重要的呢？为什么？请分析原因，并结合自己的生活实际，写下你的感悟。
要求：①词数：120左右；
②文中不得出现真实的学生姓名。
注意：①文章连贯，条理清楚，详略得当；
②结合实际，写出真情实感。专题二十四 │ 备用习题One possible version：
Being passionate, honest and hard-working, a good student is always listening and learning. Personally speaking, I strongly believe that honesty is the most important among dozens of good qualities.
There is a proverb that goes “Honesty is the best policy”， and it seems as true as it was when first coined. The most important element in human relationships, whether business or personal, is trust.专题二十四 │ 备用习题 Here is one of my secrets. I once lied to my parents because of my poor scores. Although having known the real fact from teachers, they praised and encouraged me, showing their deep love. Later days, my conscience swallowed me, growing as I told lie after lie in an effort to conceal my original deceit. I gave it up, and chose to be frank. Wow! It is better to stick to the truth!
From then on, I have kept the following in my minds: If it is not true, don't say it. If it is not right, don't do it. Honesty is not only the best policy, but also a principle, which is absolutely essential for the good and happy living of life.专题二十四 │ 备用习题(四)
众所周知，一个人的成长过程是较为复杂的，其个性的形成和发展受诸多因素的影响，比如： 家庭、学校、社会、朋友、书籍、名人等。假如《二十一世纪英文报》向你约稿，了解至今哪些因素对你的成长影响最大。请你以Tracking My Growth为题，按以下要求写篇英语短文：
1. 选择并陈述对你的成长起着很大影响的家庭、学校、社会、朋友、书籍、名人等诸多因素中的两个或三个；
2. 谈谈你的看法和理由。
注意：词数120左右，文章的标题已给出(不计入总词数)。专题二十四 │ 备用习题One possible version：
Tracking My Growth
As is known to all, one's character is shaped by many factors. As for me, what has influenced me most in my growth are my family and friends.
I used to be a selfish boy who wasn't willing to share my toys with others. My parents told me I would have no friends if I didn't learn to share. Every time they brought home a toy, they wouldn't give it to me unless I promised to share it with my friends. 专题二十四 │ 备用习题 When the terrible earthquake struck Wenchuan, my parents donated a large sum of money and some clothes to the people there. Influenced by them, I became a caring boy, too.
I was weak in math in the past. Fortunately my friend Xiao Jun came to my aid. Every weekend, he would come to my house and help me with my math. Thanks to his help, I finally caught up with other students. Now I also do whatever I can to help others just like Xiao Jun.
专题二十四 │ 备用习题
