新概念英语第四册 重要词组汇总

新概念4英语重要词组汇总
LESSON1
In the Near East 在近东
Some parts of the world 世界某些地区
Preserve their history 保存他们的历史
Hand down for one generation to another 代代相传
Write down what they do 记下他们的所作所为
The remote ancestors 远祖
people living in the Pacific Islands 生活在太平洋群岛
Have neither history nor legends to help them 既没有历史又没有传说帮助他们
Make tools of stone 用石头制作工具
Disappear without trace 消失得无影无踪
rot away腐烂干净
LESSON2
If it were not for 要不是
Put together 加在一起
Do harm to 对…有害
Tell the difference 区别
Be engaged in 从事
Make a census of 对…进行统计
Make the wildest guess at 对…胡乱猜测
Owe…to…将…归功于
A fraction of 一小部份
Be nearly related to 与…有亲緣 关系
At a glance 一眼就,乍一看
On one’s behalf 代替某人
Something like 大约,大概
Be content with 满足于
Destroy so many insects消灭那么多的昆虫
The greatest enemies of the human race 人类最大的敌人
Live in the world生存，活在这个世界上
Devour all our crops吞噬我们所有的庄稼
The protection from insect-eating animals食虫动物的保护
Never do the least harm to us对我们没有丝毫伤害
Be engaged in this work从事这项工作
One authority on spiders一位研究蜘蛛的权威
In the south of England在英国南部
On a football pitch在足球场上
Not content with three meals a day不满足于一日三餐
The total weight of the human beings 所有人的总重量
LESSON 3
It is true… but…诚然...但是
At the thought of 一想起
Except for除...以外
Cut … off from把...隔离开来
Take shelter wherever they can
Find shelter with与同住
In a manner以某种样子
Go out of one’s way特意干
Tend to常常，倾向于
Wash down with咽下，吞下
Be accustomed to惯于
in the pioneering days在登山运动的初期
Look for the easiest way to the top寻找到达山顶的丫最方便的道路
Face difficulties and dangers面临艰难险阻
Shudder at the thought一想起来就不寒而粟
Court such excitement追寻这种刺激
Except for one or two places除了一两个地方外
Settlements cut off from civilization与世隔绝的村落
Accustomed to eating seven-course dinners习惯一餐吃七道菜
Sleep between fine linen sheets睡优质亚麻布床单
LESSON4
Detect colours with her fingers用手指辩别颜色
see through solid walls看穿实墙
a locked safe 锁着的保险柜
keep old newspapers locked away
be done up in bundles被打成捆
curious talent特异功能
a scientific research institute科研所
a series of tests一系列测试
the Ministry of Health卫生部
have a similar sensitivity有相似的敏感性
perceive things with her skin用她的皮肤辩别实物
bring her curious talent to the notice of a scientific research institute
stranger still
make out the colours of a picture hidden under a carpet
in another instance 另一次
the moment 一…就
LESSON 5
Be imprisoned in zoos被关在动物园内
Natural history museums 自然历史博物馆
Exert a strong fascination upon 对...产生巨大的魅力
Horror films 恐怖电影
In a wild state 处于野生状态
In the dark jungles 在黑暗的丛林中
Lead two expeditions 率领两支考察队
Lie buried among the animals长眠于动物中
The exact social pattern of the family groups 大猩猩家族的确切群居模式
Indicate the final extent of their intelligence 指出它们的智力极限
Remain a mystery 仍是个迷
Describe the animal to the civilized world向文明世界描述这种动物
Haunt the imagination of climbers常在攀登者的脑海中出现
Something of a 有点
Keep … under observation 对…进行观察
LESSON6
The problem of youth青年问题
Take leave to doubt冒昧, 请原谅 不揣冒昧表示怀疑
Get down to fundamentals从问题的根本开始
Has a glorious future before him有一个辉煌的前途
That is where the rub is问题的症结就在这里
Have an air of freedom有一种奔放不羁的风度
Have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions不沉溺于卑鄙的追名逐利
Anxious social climbers急切向上爬的人
Have no devotion to material things不热衷于物质享受
The origins of things事物的起源
Dreary clichés about respect for elders尊重长者的陈词滥调
A reason for respect受人尊敬的理由
As an equal以平等的身份
After all毕竟
Be engaged in忙于
In some sense从某种意义上讲
For one thing 一方面，一则
In contrast with与...形成对比
Turn to … for help向...求助
May…but …尽管...但是
LESSON 7
Create goodwill between nations国家之间产生友谊
the common peoples of the world世界各国的民众
meet one another at football在足球赛上交锋
have no inclination to meet on the battlefield
international sporting contests在战场上兵戎相见
lead to orgies of hatred导致深仇大恨
deduce it from general principles从一般原理推断出这一点
on the village green在乡村草坪上
no feeling of local patriotism没有地方主义的情绪
play for (the) fun and exercise为了娱乐和锻炼而比赛
the question of prestige声誉问题
combative instincts好斗本性或本能
at the international level国际级；国际水平
work themselves into furies over为...大发雷霆
tests of national virtues对国民品德的检验
pick up sides随意组成两队
for instance例如
have no inclination to不想干
work oneself into导致，激起
do one’s utmost竭尽全力
for (the) fun为了好玩
at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何
LESSON 8
pursue his trade从事手艺活
follow their father’s occupation （子）承父业
have a fairly wide choice of employment宽广的择业余地
acquire a feeling of economic independence 获得经济独立感
a factor in a child’s home life孩子家庭生活中的因素
the number of married women in employment己婚妇女的就业人数
draw substantial wages拿（到）相当的工资
at the beginning of the century本世纪初
economic advantages经济收入
lose something of great value失去极珍贵的东西
prevent her from being home to greet them使她不能在家迎接他们
return from school放学归来
much less of a不如，不象
in employment在职，在工作
place of work工作单位，工作场所
more than超过；几乎
LESSON 9
serve as language起到语言的作用
discovery of echo-location in bats对蝙蝠回声定位的发现
turn to some recent human inventions看一下人类最近的发明
the return of the echo回声的返回
be reflected from the sea bottom从海底反射回来
measure the time interval测定时间间隔
the echo-sounding apparatus回声探测器
the nature of the object物质的质地或性质
a shoal of fish一群鱼
locate flying insects 测定飞虫
get a full appreciation of充分理解
in general use普遍使用
with experience凭经验
Bats feed on insects
have only to – only have to只要...就能
play a role起作用
in the vicinity在...的附近
according to根据，按照
steer clear of避开
Echolocation in bats is compared with radar
compare with与...相比
LESSON 10
regard them with horror怀着恐惧看待他们
do with a few original men需要有几个创见的人
create some enthusiasm激起一些热情
release some energy释放出一些活力
choose between various shades of the negative在形形色色的平庸之辈中挑选
the joint owners of the car合资的车主
a craving for success渴望飞黄腾达
capture one plum after another （喻）捞了一把又一把
take the juice and taste out of them喻）享尽荣华富贵
have a nightmare vision of a future world浮现出梦魇般的未来世界的幻想
with not a gleam of genius没有一丝天才的光芒
an original mind具有创见的有识之士
a rich personality丰富多彩的个性
on the whole packed globed在整个拥挤不堪的地球上
thoughts in the wilderness无人理睬的（改革）思想
if only
fall to pieces
do with需要
choose between 在...之间选择
LESSON 11
Wandering minstrels浪迹天涯的吟游诗人
Learn many of their ballads学会许多他们的歌谣
In his youth在他年青时
Set out to penetrate the camp决定打入敌营
Settle down for the winter驻扎过冬
Security precautions安全防卫措施
Live well on the proceeds of raids靠掠夺物过着舒适的生活
A life of ease安逸的生活
No longer fit for prolonged battle不再适应持久战争
Have no organization无组织
Risk open battle冒正面硬拼硬打的风险
Begin a long series of skirmishes展开一连串的小规模战斗
Serve as a unique epic of royal espionage堪称国王间谍活动的一部独一无二的史诗
Be faced with面临，面对
As well as除...之外还
draw the Danes after him
act as充当，起...的作用
depend on依靠，取决于
on the move在运动中，不停地移动
set out to do决定干，着手干
compared with与...相比
serve as / live on靠...生活
LESSON 12
inner emptiness内容空洞
outer impressiveness表面的感人表现手法
take the form of a grandiose realism采用壮观的写实主义
mask the essential emptiness掩饰本质上的空洞
be empty of humanity, credibility缺乏人性、可性度
the censorship code新闻审查法规
predetermine the content of these pictures预先决定这些影片的内容
the entertainment value of the films这些电影的娱乐价值
the impressiveness of the settings布景的感染力
in the production of effects为了取得效果
the representation of life对生活的表现
compensate for弥补，补偿
spare nothing to do不遗余力地干
needless to say不必说，毋用说
in addition to除...之外还
at times有时，偶尔地
LESSON 13
The motor industry汽车工业
a great university city一座了不起的大学城
research endowments研究基金
make up for the change on character弥补特性上的变化
shake to the roar of buses在公共汽车的轰鸣声中颤抖
loads of motor-engines大批机动车
an old seat of learning and tradition古老的学术和传统的中心
the culture of the university大学文化
transform the lives of the workers改变工人的生活
on the verge of extinction濒临灭绝
the rarefied atmosphere of learning高雅的学术气氛
a pathetic sense of being lost可怜的茫然若失之感
sweep away扫清，扫掉
hither and thither到处，四处
radiate out扩散开
tend to常常，倾向于
be thronged with挤满
have no interest in对...不感兴趣
bear little resemblance to对...不感兴趣
hang over笼罩，威胁
LESSON 14
Be oppressed by the fear of death因怕死而郁郁寡欢
in the young在年轻人身上
be killed in battle在战争中阵亡
know human joys and sorrows经历人生的欢乐与痛苦
the best way to overcome it克服这一点的最好方法
so at least it seems to me that至少在我看来是这样
make your interests wider使你所关心的事情更加广泛
the wall of ego recedes自我之墙撤去
become merged in the universal life融入宇宙万物之中
an individual human existence个人的存在
rush past boulders and over waterfalls冲过巨石，越过瀑布
become merged in the sea汇入大海
lose their individual being失去个人的存在
in old age在晚年
suffer from the fear of death因怕死而感到痛苦
the decay of vitality精力的衰退
there is a justification for 有理由干
in the thought that当想到
so it seems that似乎是这样
( the thing that he) cares for喜欢
have reason to ( fear ) 有理由
cheat sb. of骗取...的东西
without break 不停地
carry on继续干
LESSON 15
Open a current account开活期存款户头
demand repayment of money提取存款
draw a cheque in favour of another person开一张支付别人的支票
the banker-customer relationship银行家与客户的关系
the relationship of debtor and creditor债务人与债权人的关系
owe a large number of obligations to对...承担许许多多的义务
give rise to problems and complications引起各种问题和纠纷
obey its customer’s instructions遵从客户的指示
debit his account记入他存款的借方
in respect of cheques drawn by himself凭他自己签发的支票
give the bank specimens of his signature把自己的签名字样给银行
have no right to pay out a customer’s money没有权利支付客户的存款
forge his signature伪造某人的签名
recognize the customer’s signature辨认出客户的鉴字
in cash以现金形式
be loaded against对...不利
make no difference没有区别
pay out支付
for this reason由于这个原因
in respect of用来付...的钱，凭
in credit （户头上）存着钱，盈余
in favour of有利于；付给
give rise to引起
LESSON 16
Get the oil out将石油取出
mineral deposits矿藏
less than a foot in diameter直径不到一英尺
improve deep drilling改进深钻技术
put up at the surface an oil derrick在地面上竖直一个井架
like a giant block and takle像一座巨型滑轮组
haul…out of the ground将...从地下拽出来
great lengths of drill pipe极长的钻管
be fitted with a cutting bit装着一个钻头
a clean cylinder of rock一块表面光滑的圆柱体石头

obtain a sample with a cording bit用芯钻取样
get down to the oil到达油层
flow to the surface流出地面
circulate the mud down the drill pipe将泥浆灌注到钻管中去
go down to向下延伸至

every so often不时，经常
under control在控制之中
lead off将...引出或放出
send …down把...送下去
at the top在顶部，在最高处

at the bottom在底部，在最低处
cut through钻穿，钻透

by means of通过...的手段
in a controlled manner有控制地
be fitted with安装着
LESSON 17
A very useful working concept一种非常有用且行之有效的概念
place a certain amount of reliance on tests相当程度地信赖测试
an intelligence test智力测试
take a sample of an individual’s ability对个人能力取样
solve puzzles and problems解决各种难题和问题
secondary schooling for all全民中等教育
grammar schools中学；文法学校
a small number of independent foundation schools少数独立基金学校
the total child population of eleven-plus十一岁以上的儿童总数
make some kind of selection进行某种选择
academic examinations and tests学校考试和测验
highly-academic primary schools教学质量较高的小学
be based on scholastically-acquired knowledge以在校获得的知识为依据
assess the general ability of any child评估孩子的一般能力
within his range of competence and understanding在其能力和理解力的范围内
pass on表达，转达
take a sample of取...的样
of particular importance特别重要
with the exception of除了...之外
be weighted in favour of对...有利
place reliance on对...有利
a wide variety of广泛多样的
as a result of由于...的结果
within the range of在...范围内
LESSON 18
The effectiveness of scientific research科研的有效性
the general atmosphere of secrecy普遍的保密气氛
the individual research worker个体研究人员
in other departments of the same firm在同一公司的其它部门中
the degree of secrecy保密程度
take out patents取得专利
apply to chemical industries适用于化学工业
chance discoveries偶然的发现
the whole nature of the research研究工作的全部性质
obtain technical books from libraries向图书馆借技术书籍
have their names entered让人把他们的名字登记在册
take out such and such a book借出这种那种图书
weigh heavily against对...极不利
in so far as就...来说
often enough往往
with secrecy秘密地
to such an extent that到如此程度以致
for fear惟恐，以免
carry out进行，实施
be engaged in从事
seek for寻求，追求，探索
take out正式获得
play a part in对...起作用
such and such某某...
be likely to很有可能干
LESSON 19
In a professional way从职业角度来说
cultivate hobbies培养种种爱好
practise a vocation从事一项职业
cast a fly垂钓，钓鱼
in the diplomatic service在外交部门
know nothing of political economy对政治经济学一窍不通
respect learning尊重学问；尊重知识
consider the wants of the customer考虑顾客的需要
attend to technological development关注技术发展
the necessity of large-scale production大规模生产的必要性
method of production生产方法
have a widespread nepotism in appointment在用人方面有广泛的裙带关系
rely on mystic entity called ‘character’ 依赖一种称为...身份...的神秘东西
one of the fundamental estates基本社会阶层之一
adjust himself to a new world适应一个崭新的世界
take every privilege as of right依法享有每一种特权
be relevant to social welfare与社会福利有关
rather than而不是
be devoted to热衷于
as of right按绝对权利或法律
not… so much as…与其说...倒不如说
disbelieve in不相信
range against针对
take …as …把...看作
be relevant to与...相关
LESSON 20
In the organization of industrial life在工业生活的组织中
the physiological and mental state of workers工人的生理和心理状态
the maximum production at lowest cost以最低成本获取最高产量
earn as much as possible赚取尽可能多的钱
the true nature of the human beings人的本性
run the machines操作机器
give consideration to the effects on考虑对...的影响
the artificial mode of existence那种人为的生存方式
obtain the maximum income获取最大收入
per square foot of ground每平方英尺地皮
the construction of gigantic buildings高楼大厦的建造
enjoy the comfort and luxury of their dwelling享受他们住宅的舒适与奢侈
the necessities of life生活必需品
full of petrol fumes, coal dust 充斥着汽油味、煤灰
at lowest cost以最低成本
give consideration to予以考虑
large masses of大量的
deprive…of剥夺（...的某物）
as…as possible尽可能地
with no regard for毫不顾及
a way of living生活方式
for the good of为了...的利益
LESSON 21
In the early days of the settlement在殖民初期
natural enemies天敌
overrun a whole continent在整个大陆泛滥成灾
maintain millions of sheep and cattle维持数百万头羊和牲畜
act as the carrier of this disease充当这种疾病的媒介
pass it on to the rabbits把它传染给兔子
spread the disease all over the continent把疾病扩散到整个大陆
reduce the rabbit population减少兔子的总数
develop a degree of resistance to this disease对该疾病产生一定程度的抵抗力
acquire this man-made disease as a pestilence得这种人为的瘟疫病
get rid of the wild rabbits除掉这些野兔
within the confines of his estate在他的庄园范围内
a useful food supply一种有用的食物来源
domesticated rabbits家兔
the basis of a fur industry毛皮工业的基础
let…loose释放，放出
be susceptible to易患，易受...的影响
LESSON 22
Save drowning men拯救快要淹死的人
push them to the surface把他们推到水面上
i defensive formation以防御队形
credit dolphins with any motive of life-saving相信海豚具有救生的动机
protect humans from sharks保护人类不受鲨鱼的伤害
natural enemies天敌
marine life海洋生物
submit to all sorts of indignities忍受着种种屈辱
raise a turtle to the surface把一只海龟顶到水面
require two tortoises working together需要两只海龟通力协作
recover one’s equilibrium恢复平衡
point out指出，说明
on the occasions when有时，当...时
for sport为了好玩
upon such an occasion在这种情况下
be intrigued with对...感到新奇
turn over把...翻过身来
for dear life拼命地
come along出现
knock …flat把...撞倒
credit…with认为...具有
out of curiosity出于好奇
work like beavers辛苦地
drive…away把...赶走
submit to屈从
push up把...推上去
swoop down猛地扑下
all the way down一路向下
give up放弃
LESSON 23
Go on for thousands of years持续数千年之久
a matter of giving the body a rest使身体得到休息的问题
in terms of muscle relaxation就肌肉放松而言
a brief period lying短暂躺一下
a basic amount of movement一种基本的活动量
during sleep在睡眠中
prevent muscle inactivity防止肌肉休止
a question of resting the body使身体得到休息的问题
a plausible hypothesis一种合理的假设
record the electrical activity of the brain记录脑电活动
a change in the pattern of activity （脑）活动图形的变化
the recording of eye-movement during sleep睡眠过程中眼球活动的纪录
the average individual’s sleep cycle普通人的睡眠周期
eye-movement sleep眼动期的睡眠
show some personality disorder显示出一些性格紊乱现象
the disturbance of dreaming干扰做梦
more or less或多或少，大概
deal with涉及，关于
at other times在别的时候
to a degree在某种程度上
be concerned with与...有关
were it not for要不是
be punctuated with被...打断
on end连续不断地
LESSON 24
Walking for walking’s sake为散步而散步
swing along the high road在公路上溜达
swing over hill and dale翻山越谷
partake of his adventure参与他的冒险活动
power to instruct or to amuse言谈施教、妙语连珠的能力
take one out for a walk带一个人出去散步
the ideas that come so thick and fast纷至沓来的思绪
encyclopaedic knowledge渊博的知识
play like summer lightning over犹如夏日闪电掠过...
during the rest of the walk在剩余的散步时间内
turn a sharp corner急转弯
on the other side of the hedge树篱的另一侧
point at指着
or so左右，大约
at the foot of在...的脚下
in due course
partake of参与，分享
play… over将...照在
keep one’s eye on盯着看
come thick and fast纷至沓来
LESSON 25
Defy analysis难以分析
the survival competition生存竞争
live on prey靠猎物生存
get its food with very little effort毫不费力地得到食物
no more effort than one bite仅仅咬一口
tussle with grown rabbits与成年兔子扭打
a two-edged weapon一种双刃武器
in the conversion of saliva into poison在唾液变成毒液的过程中
a fixed process一种固定的程序
different in every respect from在各个方面都不同于
act on the nerves作用于神经
the nerve poison神经毒液
manufacture the blood poison产生血毒液
acquire their poison for use against prey获取毒液以对付猎物
come about发生，结果
be that as it may - even so尽管如此
mean nothing并不意味什么
over the periods经过若干时间
force … upon 把...强加给
for instance打个比方说
so to speak打个比方说
do one’s business起作用
for use against用于对付
with very little effort不费力地
LESSON 26
Create the basic formula of the Western film创造西部电影的基本格局
the individual in conflict with himself个人与自我的冲突
know something of the old West知道一些老西部地区的情况
be firmly rooted in this memories牢牢地扎根于他的记忆中
struggle for survival against the elements与自然力抗争求生存
in the second decade of the twentieth century在二十世纪二十年代
want a code to live by需要有一个赖以存的准则
nothing but仅仅，只有
myth and reality join hands
in the end最后，最终
in short简言之
be accustomed to习惯于
LESSON 27
in the modern world在当今世界
become more and more manifest变得越来越明显
undergo no general improvement in intelligence在智力方面没有得到普遍提高
the accumulation of knowledge知识的积累
with the invention of writing随着书写的发明
follow a kind of compound-interest law遵循一种复利法则
the invention of printing印刷术的发明
with the coming of science随着科学的出现
acquire new knowledge获得新知识
modern civilization现代文明
a balanced development of all man’s nature全人类本性的平衡发展
knowledge applied to practical life运用于实际生活的知识
as is so often pointed out正如有人常指出的那样
a two-edged weapon一种双重性武器
be used equally for good or evil用来造福也用来为害
use science to shatter men’s bodies用科学来毁坏人体
this twofold use of knowledge知识的这种双重使用
Loom large显得突出
by means of通过，以...手段
make progress取得进步
make a great advance取得大进展
in one’s turn反过来
raise the tempo加快步伐
turn to practical use实际应用
(close) at hand在近旁或附近
LESSON 28
Practise the same sort of flight 作相同类型的飞行
more than occasional movement of wing至多偶尔扇动一下翅膀
the current of air 气流
the king of the gliders 滑翔鸟类之王
harness the air to their purpose自如地利用空气
be endowed with steel-like muscles 长着钢铁般的肌肉
ply the short wings with irresistible power 给短翅膀提供不可抗拒的力量
have a like power of strong propulsion 有着同样的推动力
drive them to a long journey 迫使他们作远距离飞行
nesting homes 窝窠
feed its flown young
take omens from their flight 从它们的飞行中得到预兆
keep company with 伴随
in the line of 与 一致
yield to
a good part of 相当一部分
pick up 拾到
in highest measure 在最大程度兴
do sb good对某人有利
as well as除...之外还
to one’s purpose自如地
in utter exhaustion 精疲力竭
boast of夸耀，吹嘘
take off one’s hat to 向 脱帽致敬
LESSON 29
The gateway to a world that lies beyond 通往遥远世界的大门
in moments of intense aesthetic experience 在强烈感受美的时刻
a different realm of existence 一种超凡脱俗的境界
convey a hint of beauty and serenity传送一种美和静谧的启示
convey the meanings of this world 表达我们这个世界的意义
leave an indefinable longing and regret 留下莫名的渴望和遗憾
a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars 惨淡星光中平凡的一闪
an empty laugh 一阵空洞的笑声
evil humor born of indegestion 由于消化不良引起的坏情绪
seek to interpret the meaning 设法阐明其意义
glimpse the unutterable 瞥见难以言传的东西
seek to invest with significance 设法给 赋予意义
beauty in terms of our human meanings
lie beyond位于远处
catch a glimpse of 瞥见
in some way在某种程度上
fit to 适用于
point forward to 使人联想到
shine down to 照耀到
blind and dazzle 使人眼花缭乱
in some moods 在某些状态下
in passing在消失时
in a word 一句话
LESSON 30
Due to inherent biological defects归咎于固有的生态缺陷
the crowded life of cities拥挤的城市生活
an apposite tendency一种相反的趋势
live on the outskirts of the cities住在市郊区
a new set of conditions一系列新的情况
place the home in the immediate suburbs把家安置在城市近郊
concentrate manufacturing activity把生产活动集中起来
in the centers of the cities在市中心
at the cost of the discomfort of commuting不惜往返的不便
examine the trend of technology审视技术发展趋势
communicate instantaneously by telephone随时用电话交谈
the chiefs of great organizations大型机构的领导们
every reason for the growth of cities城市发展的每一个理由
with the growth of civilization随着文明的发展
show itself直到现在
up to the present time直到现在
in some ways直到现在
still more甚至，尤其如此
apart from除...之外
at the cost of以...为代价
LESSON 31
Have practical experience of noise对噪音有切身体会
a waste of time浪费时间
noise abatement噪音的减少
a good cause一件好事
produce mental illness引起精神病
in a state of considerable distress痛苦万分
be reduced to a screaming wreck被摧残成为歇斯底里的废人
go into a mental hospital住进精神病院
a study of large numbers of people对大批的人进行研究
live under noisy conditions生活在噪音条件下
work on aircraft carriers生活在噪音条件下
a good place to study noise研究噪音的好地方
objective tests客观测试
show effects upon the American sailors显示对美国水兵有影响
present methods of psychiatric diagnosis目前精神病的诊断方法
a mental health hazard一种精神健康的危害
regard .as将...看作
on the other hand在另一方面
be associated with与...相关
be headed with以...开头
cause and effect因果（关系）
be cautious about不轻信
be known as以...而著称
be prepared to愿意干
be likely to可能干
be reduced to（被迫）成为
might well很可能
in the case就...来说
be brought up被抚养大；长大
LESSON 32
The necessary conditions of preservation保存的必要条件
in the most favorable circumstances在最有利的情况下
live by feeding on something else靠吃某种别的东西生存
avoid such a fate免遭这样的命运
the remains of plants and animals动植物的遗体
be quickly destroyed by weather很快被风化
due to some very special circumstances由于某些非常特殊的情况
traces of land animals- remains陆上动物的遗体
fall into inaccessible caves掉进难以到达的洞里
the remains of fir trees枞树的残留物
fall into the (ice) crevasse掉进冰河裂缝中
the Palaeontological Museum古生物学博物馆
be trapped in tar pits被困于焦油坑中
sabre-toothed cats剑齿虎
come out to feed外出觅食
suffer the same fate遭受同样的命运
cover over完全覆盖住
in this way这样，用这种方法
after all毕竟，竟然
feed on吃
not to mention更不必提
on the roads在旅途中
in good condition完好无损
a small fraction of一小部分
live by靠...生存
come across偶然撞见
due to 由于
venture out冒着坏天气外出
endless numbers of无数的
LESSON 33
Lie at the bottom of Stockholm harbour躺在斯德哥尔摩海港底部
royal flagship of the great imperial fleet帝国舰队的皇空旗舰
at the height of his military success在他军事成就的顶峰时期
dictate her measurements and armament规定其规模及武器装备
be prepared for her maiden voyage准备它的首航
a thing of beauty华美之作
spread her sails and catch the wind扬帆乘风
produce this floating work of art制造出这件水上艺术品
symbols of courage, power and cruelty勇气、威力和残暴的象征
stir the imagination of the sailors of the day激起当时水手们的种种想象力
drifting cloud of gun smoke弥漫的礼炮烟云
sails filling in the breeze船帆在微风中张满
ablaze with colour色彩斑斓
present a majestic spectacle呈现一片壮观景象
make a strange movement奇怪地晃动一下
at the start of在...开始时
at the bottom of在...的底部
play a role of对...起作用
in a ferment处于兴奋状态
a riot of大量的，众多的
in reply to与...相呼应，以回应
list to port左舷倾侧，侧向左边
maiden voyage首航
at the height of在...鼎盛时期
be prepared for为...准备
work of art艺术品
ablaze with闪耀着
emerge from从...出现
seal sb’s fate决定某人的命运

LESSON 34
The curative properties疗效
modern faith in medicine现代人对药物的信赖
the annual drug bill of the Health Services卫生部门的年度药费
Mount to astronomical figures达到天文数字
show no signs of ceasing to rise没有停止上升的迹象
attend the medical out-patients departments在门诊部就医
receive adequate treatment得到充分的治疗
in the shape of a bottle of medicine以一瓶药水的形式
a box of pills一盒药丸
a small jar of ointment一小瓶药膏
the doctor in charge of the department负责门诊的医生
no quicker method of disposing of patients没有更快的处理病人的办法
offer little-appreciated advice提供不受人赏识的医嘱
the need for abandoning bad habits改掉坏习惯的需要
have faith in the bottle of medicine信赖药品
the nature of illness病情
one form of illness一种病
put up with a disgusting taste忍受令人作呕的滋味
at no inconvenience to themselves在他们方便的时候
show no sign of没有...的迹象
the majority of绝大多数
in charge of负责
dispose of处理掉，摆脱
have faith in相信
it is recounted of有人传说
be ignorant of对...不了解
be of equal benefit有同样的好处
make no demands on对...没有要求
demand …of向...要求
at present目前，眼下
in the shape of以...的形式
only too非常，极其
ask for要求，想要
be sealed with用...封住的
hear of听说
suffer from患（...的疾病）
in all probability很可能
put up with容忍，忍受
LESSON 35
New means of transport新的运输工具

low-pressure air低压空气
a curtain of higher pressure air高压气幔
land vehicle陆上交通工具
something in between a boat and an aircraft介于船与飞机之间的东西
the problem of the wave resistance波浪阻力的问题
waste a good deal of a surface ship’s power浪费大量水面船只的功率
lift the vessel out of the water把船提离水面
a great number of ring-shaped jets大量环状喷气嘴
ride on a cushion of air在气垫上行驶
present no problem没有出问题
take up regular service开始正常的业务
transform sea and land transport改造海陆交通工具
establish transport networks in large areas在大片地区建立运输网
in one’s fifties在某人五十岁时
work on研究，从事
ringed with围以，围着
have difficulty in难以干
find a solution to找到...的答案
depend on依靠，取决于
sit down停住；驻扎
at the beginning of在...开始时
turn to改行从事
industrial circles工业界
ever since从此以后
in between介于...
no more than仅仅
cause a sensation引起轰动
take up开始
may well很可能
LESSON 36
The hazards of navigation航行的危险
the shallow water close to the land靠近陆地的浅水区
give more than a passing thought to对...认真思考一下
the bottom confines of the oceans大洋底部境界
obtain a series of deep soundings测得一系列的深度
establish the study of the sea-floor确立对海床的研究
the laying of submarine cables海底电缆的铺设
features of considerable magnitude极其重要的特征
draw a relief map of the Atlantic绘制海底地形图
cover the greater part of the earth’s surface绘制海底地形图
the basic form of the crust of the earth地壳的基本形状
the slope of the continental shelf大陆架的缓坡
the dividing-line between continents and oceans大陆与海洋之间的分界线
the continental masses大陆板块
be confined to局限于
close to接近，靠近
put…at the disposal of掌握，调遣
collect samples采样
a burst of一阵突发性（活动）
know something of对...有所了解
superimpose upon将...强加于
part of一部分
in depth在深度上
give thought to对...加以考虑
a series of一系列的
worthy of值得...的
be associated with与...有关
the greater part of绝大部分
together with连同，以及
at the foot of在...的脚下
LESSON 37
Live permanently together夫妻同居的基本事实
the basic facts of cohabitation夫妻同居的基本事实
four marriages out of every ten每十对夫妻中有四对
anything but forced servitudes决非强制婚姻
at attitude of the minds一种心理状态
slide into the mechanical habits of thought陷入无意识的思维习惯
descents to mental inaptitude陷入无意识的思维习惯
a bad habit of mind不良思维习惯
in all affairs of life在生活事务的各方面
a test of value一种检验价值的标准
come to think the truth开始思考真理
approach to some relative approximation趋于相对的近似
leave an impression on other people给别人留下印象
thrust aside an inconvenient thought把不投合的念头搁在一边
continuous lying in the mind不断地在头脑里撒谎
spell the destruction of human thought招致人类思想的毁灭
for one’s part对某人来说
on a basis of在...的基础上
out of在...当中有
slide into不知不觉地养成
be preoccupied by过度迷恋
at best充其量，最多
in some way在某种程度上
in accordance with与...相符
in general一般地，总的来说
on the look-out for提防
require …of向...要求
be obsessed by为...所困扰
anything but决不，根本不
habit of thought/ mind思维习惯
after all毕竟
on the other hand另一方面
leave an impression on给...留印象
in the former case前一种情况下
the former.. the latter前者...后者
be exposed to易患，易染
LESSON 38
Respond to form in three dimensions对立体的反应
the most difficult of all arts一切艺术中最难懂的
involve appreciation of flat forms涉及平面形态的鉴赏
shape in two dimensions二维形态的艺术品
distinguish two-dimensional shape区别二维形体
for its personal safety and practical needs为人身安全及实际需要
judge three-dimensional distances判断三维距离
satisfy the requirements of practical necessity满足实际需要
attain considerable accuracy in获得相当的精确度
the perception of flat form平面形态的感觉
comprehend form in its full spatial existence理解空间实际存在的形体
hold …in the hollow of his hand把...握在自己的掌心中
feel shape as shape把形态作为形态去感觉
and so with对于...亦是如此
appreciate combinations of several forms鉴赏几个形体的组合体
depend upon取决于
in three dimensions三维的
go no further不再深入
get …inside one’s head记在心头
center of gravity重心
respond to对...作出反应
by means of通过...手段
as it were犹如，简直是
identify…with与...融为一体
apart from除...之外
LESSON 39
In his own lifetime在他的生平
the center of violent controversy激烈的论战中心
settle the scientific dust解决科学界的纠纷
a problem child for historians of science是科学史学家的棘手问题
despise book learning蔑视书本知识
the first to turn a telescope to the sky第一个用望远镜观察天空的人
the Leaning Tower of Pisa比萨斜塔
roll balls down inclined planes使球体沿斜面滚动
the famous law of free fall著名的自由落体定律
live on in many popular writings继续活在许多通俗读物中
arouse great interest激起极大的兴趣
have important theoretical consequences有其重要的理论意义
use a telescope at the limit of its powers使用一架倍数有限的望远镜
call for long experience需要长期的经验
curved glass曲面镜
distort nature扭曲自然
clash with与...的冲突
in its proper perspective如实地
in modern times在当今时代
put questions to向...提问
generalize…into把...概括为
at the same time与此同时
at the limit of在...的限制下
in one’s day在某人的年代
something like大致；有点像
in contrast相对来说
above all首要的是，尤其是
draw conclusions作出论断
live on继续生活或活着
at the time在当时
call for需要
as for至于，对...来说
LESSON40
Natural resource自然资源
in most parts of the world在世界多数地区
the relation between population and resources人口与资源的关系
constitute a permanent threat to peace对和平构成持久的威胁
democratic institutions and personal liberty民主制度和个人自由
make the earning of a living difficult使得谋生困难
work long hours for little pay为微薄工资而长时间劳动
purchasing power购买力
political and economic power政治与经济大权
withdraw one’s favour撤回恩惠
the means of producing enough wealth有办法拿出足够的财富
accumulate a surplus out of past wages从过去的工资中积存余钱
a chance of moving to virgin territories有机会迁居到处女地
press hard upon natural resources对自然资源造成很大压力
the general economic situation总的经济形势
government control of capital and labour政府对劳资的控制
production and consumption生产与消费
highly centralized governments高度集权的政府
totalitarian dictatorships集权主义专政
the century of planetary overcrowding地球上人口拥挤的世纪
in the future将来，今后
be compatible with与...相容
be compelled to被迫干
say ‘no’ to对...说...不...
be certain of对...有把握
make a fresh start重起炉灶
press upon对...有压力
it is no accident that决非偶然
in the midst of在...中（间）
tend to趣于，倾向于
among other things除了别的以外还
be sure of对...有把握
live on靠...生活
be in a position to能够干
be apt to易于干
for the simple reason that仅仅是因为
A man without an education没有受过教育的人
a victim of adverse circumstances境况不佳的牺牲品
be convinced of the importance of education确信教育的重要性
a large group of enlightened young men一大群有知识的年轻人
work out its cycles of instruction制订出教学周期
the purchasable wells of wisdom可以买到的智慧源泉
spiritual outlook精神面貌
lay more stress on a good memory强调良好的记忆力
applied psychology应用心理学
educational system教育制度
be equipped for life学会生活的本领
the ideal condition of the ‘equal start’ ...平等起点...的理想状态
progressive forms of modern education现代教育的进步形式
in primitive cultures在原始文化中
receive the traditional instruction接受传统的教育
compulsory school attendance义务教育
education in the wilderness荒凉地区的教育
a matter of monetary means一个钱财问题
be entitled to an equal start享有平等起点的权利
hamper the full development of a growing personality妨碍成长中小的个性的全面发展
know of no ‘juvenile delinquency’ 没有...少年犯罪...
no necessity of making a living away from home没必要离家谋生
result in neglect of children导致无人照管孩子的情况
‘buy’ an education for his child为他孩子的教育...出资...
deprive…of剥夺某人某物
invest in投资于，在...投入
get back收回
work out安排，制订出
get along with与...相处
in this respect在这方面
bind…to对...有约束力
share in分享，分担
know of了解
result in导致，造成
be convinced of深信
institutions of learning学府
in the form of以...的形式
lay stress on强调
fashion after效法，仿效
be equipped for为...准备好
make sure确保，弄确切
be entitled to有权得到
make a living谋生
LESSON 42
Regard it as a slur on把这看成是对...的诋毁

make some spiteful remark about恶意中伤...
a loss of dignity失去尊严
have a high ideal of their parents很看重他们的父母
stand up to a realistic evaluation经受得住现实评价
develop valuable powers of observation培养宝贵的观察力
develop valuable powers of observation独立的判断能力
independent judgment / keep one’s dignity保持尊严
nothing of the kind没有这回事
to some degree在某种程度上
go to the other extreme走向另一个极端
on the part of在某人身上
accuse… of指控，指责
bring…on oneself自惹（麻烦）经受得住
before (very ) long不久
have belief in相信
drive…into迫使
face up to正视，面对
LESSON 43
The construction of atomic power stations核电站的建设
the National Electricity grid国家电网
a chain of nuclear power stations一系列的核电站
a certain discharge of possible radioactive effluent排放一定量的可能有放射性的废水
the destructive force of atom bombs原子弹的破坏力
be sited away from populous centers坐落于远离人口集中的地区
the three main sources of power三大能源
the utilization of water power水力的利用
the majority of manufacturing industries大多数制造业
raw materials原材料
the manufacture of pig iron and steel生铁和钢材的生产
low-grade iron ores低级铁矿石
the Industrial Revolution工业革命
involve building of large numbers of tankers 涉及到建造许多油轮
the oil industry石油工业
a certain amount of smell一定量的气味
an element of danger一点点的危险
natural gas天然气
transport …large distances by pipe通过管道远距离输送
receive the first ship cargo of natural gas接收到第一船天然气
in the public mind在公众心里
on other grounds根据别的理由
at a distance with远离
make one’s contribution to对...作出贡献
of necessity必然，不可避免地
for this reason由于这个原因
by way of contrast对比之下
on the contrary相反地
for the purpose of为了...的目的
be associated with与...相关
LESSON 44
Increase the expense of government增加政府的开支
reduce the amount of economic resources减少经济资源
develop the country发展国家
resources for development用于开发的物力财力
a private business enterprise一家私人企业
incur certain costs and expenses担负一定的费用和开支
the cost of managing and administering the business经营和管理企业的费用
administrative overhead in a business一家企业的行政管理费用
the cost of government in a nation一个国家政府的开销
promote the interests of the firm提高企业的利益
exercise initiative发挥主动性
act in a loyal and responsible manner忠诚而负责地行事
require armies of administrators需要大批管理人员
the earnings of the business企业所赚的利润
meet the expense of administration支付行政管理费用
require armies of police and civil servants需要大批警察和文职人员
incur unduly high costs of government担负过度高昂的行政费用
hold together使团结一致
for one’s purposes为了...的目的
be analogous to与...类似
take responsibilities承担责任
keep sb. in line使...规规矩矩
invest in投资于，投入
keep …in order管住
stay in business继续做生意
be concerned with关注
to the extent that如此地；只要
check upon检查
report on汇报...的情况
rely upon依靠，指望
in the interests of为了...的利益

LESSON 45
The human body人体
reach its full size and strength身材和体力长足
undergo a progressive loss of our vigour经受活力的递增损耗
with the passing of time随着时间的推移
die of old age老死，寿终正寝
differ little from person to person各人之间的差异甚微
there are heavy odds in favour of对...来说极有可能
live on into a ninth or tenth decade继续活到八旬或九旬
the chances are against it可能性很小
there is a virtual limit on对...有个实际限度
the process of losing vigour with time随着时光的流逝而失去活力
the cooling of a hot kettle一壶热水的冷却
the wearing-out of a pair of shoes一双鞋子的破损
mechanical systems like a wound watch象机械表一样的机械系统
the second law of thermodynamics热力第二定律
consist of living parts由活的零件组成
wear away by friction因摩擦而磨损殆尽
at the age of在...的年龄
have yet to尚未
no longer再也不，不再
die of死于
live on into继续活到
remind…of提醒
with time随着时间的流逝
wear out磨损
in accordance with与...相符
by contrast对比之下
consist of由...构成
at one time同时；曾一度
knock over把...打倒在地
at its most vigorous精力最旺盛时
at this age在这个年龄
look after照看，照料
in favour of有利于，赞同
tend to倾向于，常常
be familiar with熟悉，了解
in the nature of things必然地
run out of耗尽
at present目前，当前
repair oneself自我修复
wear away磨损
all but几乎，差不多
knock out把...打昏

LESSON 46
The world population全球人口
city population城市人口
go up by four per cent a year每年增长百分之四
100 square metres of road一百平方米的路面
swallow up all forms of work吞没各种形式的劳动
move into the city迁入城市
live in rural areas住在农村
all through the developing world在整个发展中世界里
reach the urban fringes到达城市的边缘
head towards an urban world向城市进军
make urban car density increase使城市小汽车密度增加
traffic flows交通流量
reach open air and countryside接近旷野和农村
have more time for leisure有更多的休闲时间
get to the open spaces到达宽敞的地方
make studies in the behaviour of mice对老鼠的行为进行研究
exposed to more than a certain degree of density处于超过一定的密度中
increase with almost brutal speed以几乎难以忍受的速度增长
antisocial tendencies in modern urban growth现代城市发展中的反社会趋势
race off迅速扩展
go up上升，增长
there is no reason to没有理由干
the vast majority of绝大多数
on the outskirts of在...的郊区
go ahead继续（进行、向前）
something like大约，大概
recede from后撤，后退
be exposed to暴露于，受到（影响）
in every direction四面八方
as much as多达，高达
swallow up吞噬；取代
depend upon依靠，取决于
head towards走向，朝...行进
above all首要的是
provide…for为...提供
make studies in对...进行研究
account for说明...的原因

LESSON 47
Have an unbounded contempt for politicians极其轻蔑政客
find politics a dirty game觉得政治是肮脏的游戏
the traditions of the ruling classes统治阶级的传统
have a natural pity for the common people对平民有着天然的同情心
receive a respect due to his position由于他的地位而受到尊敬
a man of culture一个有文化的人
despise the self-made industrialist蔑视白手起家的工业家
regard money-making as vulgar把赚钱看作鄙俗
laugh at the superstitions of most Christians嘲笑多数基督徒的迷信
attend church regularly定期做礼拜
see the importance of organized religion看到有组织的宗教活动的重要性
the maintenance of sound morality对健全道德的维持
the lower orders下层阶级
the philosophy of science自然科学
human stupidity and greed人类的愚蠢和贪婪
destroy the most glorious civilization摧毁最辉煌的文明
men of good sense and good will头脑清醒、心地善良的人
take politics out of the hands of the plutocrats从财阀手中夺取政治
step down into the arena屈尊步入政坛
save the masses拯救芸芸众生
have contempt for蔑视，瞧不起
be brought up被抚养大，长大
learn to know sb. as学会把...看成
at one’s work在工作
mix with与...混在一起
due to由于
unworthy of不配...做
laugh at嘲笑
plunge…into使...陷入
step down into屈尊进入
all the very least至少
have a pity for同情
from a distance从远处
at one’s play在玩耍
on equal terms以平等的地位
of one’s own自己的
take part in参加，参与
be about to即将
it’s high time该是...的时候
for oneself独自地，亲自地
LESSON 48
In that condition of eager discomfort处于按耐不住的烦闷之中
reset the whole thing重新勾勒整个故事的背景
lead to moments of self-discovery导致自我发现的时刻
be of an indescribable fascination魅力无穷
read nothing but their own books只读自己写的书
winkle out hidden meanings剔除隐晦的含义
beg response from those around them向周围的人们征求意见
cover the distance between himself and the reader缩小自己与读者之间的距离
write to please为取悦人而写作
make order out of the anarchy of his heart从内心混乱中理出头绪
submit himself to a ruthless discipline屈从于无情的戒律
flirt with fame不以名声为重
have little idea不知道
pass for被看作
hear of听说
lead to导致，造成
for the same reason出于同一原因
beg…from向...请求
a love affair恋爱故事
make observation发表看法
make order out of从...理出头绪
dream of梦想
take…off减少，减去
set pen to paper开始写作
to one’s knowledge就某人所知
in one’s mind在某人心里
nothing but只是，仅仅
winkle out砍掉，删除
might as well不妨
in the sight of根据...的看法
take comfort in从...寻求安慰
submit oneself to使自己屈从于
flirt with轻率对待
at one’s inmost point在最深处
LESSON 49
In their present stage of development在目前的发展阶段
keep them steady使它们保持平稳/ carry out the observations进行观测
be incapable of rising to the ionosphere不能升至电离层
contribute little to ultra-violet astronomy对紫外线天文学贡献不大
have much to be said in its favour有许多优点可谈
the atmospheric mass大气团
carbon dioxide in the lower air较低空气层的二氧化碳
absorb most of the infra-red radiations吸收大部分红外线
overcome this hazard with ease很容易克服这种干扰
hot-air balloons热气球
a modern scientific balloon现代的科学气球
become an important research tool成为重要的科研工具
the National Science Foundation国家科学基金会
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration国家宇航局
maintain height保持高度
in case of emergency在紧急情况下
be separated from the main balloon system与气球主体脱离
electronic devices电子仪器
carry out进行
as much as one can就...所能
all the same可是，还是
at least至少，起码
date back to可追溯到
there is little between ...之间无差异
in collaboration with与...协作
in case of以防，万一
bring down使降下
incapable of不能干
contribute to对...起作用
in one’s favour对某人有利
with ease轻而易举地
go up升空
by now到现在
be concerned with与...相关
separate…from将...分开
be similar to与...相似

LESSON 50
The veins of the body politic国家的命脉
catch fish in the sea在海里捕鱼
fresh-water fish淡水鱼
practise his sport从事他的消遣
eat sea fish吃海鱼
live on the sea coast住在海边
practise fasts实行禁食；实行休渔
play an important source of power国民生活中发挥重要的作用
need an dunimpeded passage水头落差
be used for navigation用于航行
make an artificial cut from the river从河流引出人工河道
make sure of a supply of water at all seasons保证常年供水
form an artificial reservoir形成一个人工水库
be fitted with a single pair of gates装有两扇闸门
the transport of sea fish inland
in mediaeval times
in our day
in earlier times
till present times直到现在
run through流过，穿过
points of battle兵家必争之地
hold back 挡住，挡回
the body politic国家
the practice of fasting禁食或休渔的做法
the most important source of power最重要的动力来源
drive the hammers of ironworks驱动铁匠铺的大锤

LESSON51
Be used for training elephants用于调驯大象
apart from any moral considerations撇开道义方面的考虑
a stupid method of training一种愚蠢的驯养方法
require patience in the early stages在调驯早期需要耐心
give many years of loyal service提供多年的忠实服务
a considerable degree of personal affection一种相当程度的私人感情
underline the general principle强调一条基本原则
the key to successful training成功驯养的关键
capture an elephant for training捕象驯养
be ready to undertake heavy work愿意承担重活
employ a very firm hand雇用相当熟练的老手
achieve a ticklish business完成一件棘手的事
absorb the atmosphere of its new home适应它新居的气氛
rub their hands over his skin用手抚摸大象的皮肤
induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant 使象产生愉快的感觉
use it for offensive purposes用它来进攻
expect…of向...要求
may well很可能
be capable of很可能产生
in most cases在大多数情况下
with the aid of在...的帮助下
pine to death憔悴而死
take sth with a grain of salt对...有保留，不完全相信
earn one’s keep值得豢养
become subservient to顺从于
quieten down平静下来
at one time同时
be susceptible to易受...的影响
curl up卷缩起来
lesson 52
Come like a thief in the night犹如夜行贼悄悄而来
rods of various lengths and thicknesses各种长度和粗细不同的木杆
record earthquake waves记录地震波
The key to a solution of that problem解决那个问题的关键
tie a heavy weight系一个重物
at the end of a long piece of string在一根长绳的一头
hold the hand high in the air把手高举在空中
upon this principle根据这种原理
draw a straight line划一条直线
the wave movement地震波运动
a sand grain in different graphs岩石内的一颗砂粒
be recorded in different graphs以不同的图形记录下来
the earthquake center震心；震源
record the arrival of longitudinal vibration 记录纵向震动的到来
mark the arrival of transverse vibrations表示横向震动的到来
the interior of the earth
make advance取得进展
pass by经过
no doubt无疑，肯定
lie in在于
make a start开始
to and fro前后
attached to糸牢于
rest upon搁在
as long as只要
at short intervals常常
stand up on end直立，竖着
aim at打算达到，目的存于
keep/stay still保持静止
in time最后，终于
tend to常常，倾向于
move on继续运动
up and down上下
in such a way that如此地...以致
in the midst of在...的中间
one after the other一个接着一个地

lesson 53
A product of necessity一个应急的产物
divided views on this对此有分歧
form the French Foreign Legion组建法军外籍兵团
turn loose on to the street of a capital流散在首都街道上
a potentially dangerous element一个潜在的危险因素
be trained to the use of arms受过使用武器的训练
become tools of the politically ambitious成为政治野心家的工具
present a menace to the new regime对新政权构成威胁
serve in the French army在法国军队中服役
at various times在不同的时期
in needy circumstances处于贫困中
be open to suggestion很容易受人煽动
prove expensive in lives要付出巨大生命代价
foreign cannon fodder外国炮灰
an ideal method of killing two birds with one stone一箭双雕的理想办法
the man behind the scheme幕后策划人
be formed into disciplined units被组成有纪律的军队
the War Minister陆军部长
be composed of men of the same nationality由同一民族的人组成
speak a common language操同一语言
require no proof of identity不需要身份证明
refuse point blank to answer questions断然拒绝回答问题
on the throne在位统治
in the first place首先
seethe with因...而情绪激动
be sure of oneself自信
be open to易受...的最响
so much the better这样更好
as to至于
kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕
be reputed to以...而著称
be formed into被编成
be formed of由...形成
lay down规定
there is no doubt无疑
carry …to the extreme使...走向极端
as much…as同...一样
turn loose自由流散
be disgruntled at对...心怀不满
swarm with群集
look for trouble寻衅闹事
as…as possible尽可能地
on the part of在...身上
turn out最后结果
make …clear阐明
behind the scheme在幕后
on sb’s behalf为了某人的缘故
under the control of在...的统辖下
be composed of由...构成
accept…at face value凭表面而相信
refuse point-blank to do断然拒绝干
lesson 54
Study the origin of life研究生命的起源
in our own solar system在我们太阳系中
the number of stars in the universe宇宙中恒星的数量
the Milky Way银河
develop into complex and intelligent patterns发展成复杂的智能形态
intelligent life智能生物，智慧生物
a matural part of the universe宇宙的一个自然组成部分
leave an automatic messenger behind留下一种自动信息通讯装置
await the awakening of an advanced civilization等待高极文明的萌发
come up against the most difficult of all obstacles遇到一个最难克服的障碍
as a reasonable guess按一个合理的估计
light year光年
travel at the speed of light以光速运行
communicate with other intelligent beings与其它智慧生物通讯
without something of this kind没有这种东西
search for intelligences on other planets寻觅其它行星上的智能生物
be certain to肯定
far too过于
first of all首先
leave…behind留下，不带走
be left unsaid不提为好
contact with与...的接触
pick up收到
communicate with与...联系
in the hope of希望
be poor in缺乏
be bound to一定，注定
on a visit to拜访
might well很可能
come up against碰到，遇到
on an average平均
let alone更不必说
search for寻找
a chance encounter邂逅相遇

LESSON55
Be regard as a subject of great moment被看作是一个极其重要的课题
the inner workings of our own brains大脑深处的活动
be worthy of investigation值得调查研究的
taken the world over就全世界范围来说
a mass of detailed behaviour大量细微具体的行为
play the dominant role in experience在经验中起主导作用
look at the world with pristine eyes用纯净的眼光来看世界
a definite set of customs and institutions一套特定的习俗制度
in his philosophical probings在其哲学探索中
concepts of the true and the false真伪的概念；是非观
shape the behaviour of the individual形成个人的行为
affect traditional custom影响传统习俗
the total vocabulary of his mother tongue他母语的总词汇量
the life history of the individual个人的生活史
from the moment of his birth从延生的那一刻起
the necessary method of study必要的研究方法
the laws of astronomy天文学定律
the habits of the social insects群居昆虫的习性
the major social sciences几门主要的社会科学
arrive at that degree of sophistication达到那种成熟的认增程度
be based on the same premises建立在相同前提的基础上
at its most commonplace司空见惯的
the other way around截然相反
have reference to与...相关
play a part in
be taken up into被接纳到
first and foremost首先，首要的是
be born into出生来到
take note of注意到
let us say比如说
set…over against把...与相比
a way of thinking思维方法
go behind深入研究
in all seriousness非常严肃地
over against与...相比
no more than仅仅
hand down流传下来
by the time到...的时候
be incumbent upon对...有责任
in the first place首先
by definition根据定义
hold sway over支配
be based on据于
LESSON 56
Pervade every aspect of our lives渗透到我们生活的各个方面

a great technological explosion技术大爆炸
a grim struggle for survival为生存而进行的痛苦挣扎
the high standard of living很高的生活水准
a never-ending struggle with nature与自然无休止的斗争
have a plentiful supply of food充足的粮食供给
there is a surplus of food粮食过剩
American labour force美国劳动力
extend one’s expectation of life延长寿命
enrich one’s lives丰富生活
add to our intellectual mobility增加智力的机动性
the conquest of space征服宇宙
with the advent of the new phase of technology随着技术新阶段的来临
greater material and intellectual riches更大的物质及精神财富
our scientific and technological resources我们的科技资源
extend his eyes with radar借助雷达扩大视野
extend his own energies扩展肌体能力
his thinking and decision-making faculties思维和决策才能
as a result结果，因此
in one’s power to do有能力干
be based on据于
more than不仅仅是
the majority of绝大多数
make… possible使...成为可能
for instance例如，比如
be content with满足于
strike…as给...的感觉
apply…to把...应用于
free…from把...解放出来
once and for all一劳永逸地
for the first time首次
in spite of尽管
die from死于
a fraction of一小部分
add to增加，增添
thrust forward to艰难向前
depend on取决于
be engaged in 从事于
LESSON 57
In man’s early days在人类早期

competition with other creatures与其他生物的竞争
deal with primitive conditions对付原始环境
the competition of man against man 人与人之间的竟争
a competition for a fixed amount of food为了一定量的食物而竞争
the environment that determines our evolution决定我们进化的环境
natural resources自然资源
the state of our own minds我们自己的心态
the concept of free speech言论自由的思想
the conventions of the community社团的习俗
inject ideas into the modern world向现代世界灌输思想
the major world powers世界主要强国
change the course of world history改变世界历史的进程
turn the present-day world upside down将现代社会翻个底朝天
deal with处理，对付
dispute…with与...争论
full well十分，极其
conceive of 想象,想
inject…into把...灌输给
be conditioned to习惯于
make a poor show of干得很糟
compete with与...竞争
gone by过去的
look on旁观
turn…upside down将...颠倒
to be more accurate更确切地说
LESSON 58
A spasm of the emotion感情的一阵发作
another field of interest其它领域的情趣
the cultivation of a hobby爱好的培养
new forms of interest新的情趣
aggravate the strain of mental effort加重精神劳累
acquire great knowledge of topics获得某课题的渊博知识
a hard week’s sweat and effort一周艰辛的流汗出力
the means of sustenance维持生计的手段
a keen appetite for pleasure对消遣的强烈欲望
Fortune’s favoured children命运的宠儿
a natural harmony一种自然的和谐
a change of atmosphere环境的改变
banish it from one’s mind把它忘掉
catch hold of抓住
in this condition在这种情况下
insinuate…into将...渗入
no use doing （干...）无用
broadly speaking一般来说
be toiled to death劳累至死
be bored to death厌烦至死
as for至于
in vain白费力气地
in one form or another以某种形式
banish…from从...消除
let…go松开，放开
can only只能
at hand在手头
take an interest in对...感兴趣
divide…into把...分成
be worried to death忧虑至死
tired out疲惫不堪
lay one’s hands on得到，找到
from place to place到处，四处
may well很可能
at intervals时常
LESSON 59
Contrary to a popular assumption同一般的设想相反
the equipment of modern camping现代露营的装备
base their thesis upon the phenomenon /将该现象作为论文的依据
can’t afford their material comforts付不起他们的物质享受
darken his holiday days给他的假日投上阴影
the phenomenon of motor-car worship崇拜汽车的现象
the sense of independence and freedom独立自由的意识
the means of escape from holiday hell躲避假目苦难的工具
object to the practice of camping反对露营的做法
the packaged tour旅行社承包的旅游
a popular Continental camping place受人欢迎的欧洲露营地
camping sites露营地
forbid the open-air drying of clothes禁止露天晒衣服
the use of water points for car washing使用水龙头冲洗汽车
contrary to与...相反
manoeuver into进入
get away from逃脱
by no means决非，根本不
say boo to对...说呸
deal with对付，处理
add…to给...增添
to hand在手头
as likely ( as not) 多半
as to至于
go hand in hand形影相随
cater for迎合
as yet尚未，还（没有）
compete with与竞争
be wary of提防
far from根本不，远非
more likely更加可能地
base…upon把...基于
have little idea of根本不知道
of a kind同类的；不怎么样的
in the shape of以...的形式
not (the) least丝毫不
within one’s command在某人的掌握中
object to反对
get to know逐渐了解
tend to倾向于，常常
by contrast相比之下
vie with与...竞争
be hard to say很难说
in short简言之
LESSON 60
Show moral courage表现出道义上的勇气
urge the abolition of capital punishment竭力主张废除死刑
play upon the emotions of their readers玩弄读者的感情
murder with robbery抢劫杀人罪
a capital crime死罪
work on a calculated plan of action按周密计划行动
a feeling for the value of human life对人生价值的感触
weapons of destruction毁灭性武器
the death penalty死刑
a dread of destroying the miracle of life对杀戳生灵的恐惧
the severity of the penal code刑法的严厉
lighten the severity of the penal laws减轻形法的严厉性
a life in the world to come来世再生
the ordeal of the condemned cell死囚牢的折磨
launch the condemned man into eternity将死囚送上西天
an archaic way of killing a human being一种古老的杀人方法
the electric chair电椅（一种刑具）
( at the mercy of在...的支配下)
an instant emotion
take sb’s life谋害某人
the great majority of绝大多数
be preoccupied with热衷于
have no effect on对...没有影响
a small minority of一小部分
on the brink of濒于
for fear of唯恐
beyond the grave死后
make no difference to对...没区别