2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和句子结构课件（25张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和句子结构课件（25张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1021.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-12 16:38:02 | ||
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文档简介
(共25张PPT)
如
何
分
析
句
子
如果你学会分析句子，那你就打开了新世界！
告别死记硬背，快速高效学英语！
句子分析大法可用于： 填空题、阅读理解、翻译、写作 ！
得分之根本！
学习语法的关键 ：如果不懂 ，写什么都是错的！
为何要分析句子？
时态
语态
句子结构/成分
分析的三个维度？
1.八大句子成分
五大主干（主语，谓语，宾语，表语，宾补）
三大支干（定语，状语，同位语）
2.五大基本句型
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
主+谓+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语）
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
3.八大句子成分位置及词性
★五大基本句型
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
主+谓+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
Students smile.
It rained hard last night.
Jack is leaving.
Jack is leaving for New York.
谓语：“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”
哪些可以作为谓语？
情态动词、助动词、动词（简单谓语 复合谓语）
主语： “动作的发出者”
哪些可以作为主语？
词：名词、代词、数词
短语：不定式、 Ving
句子
名词做主语
Celebrities‘ marriage is but a tool for marketing.
明星的婚姻只是营销炒作的工具。
代词做主语
We are not lovers any more, but we still care about each other.
我们不再是我们，我们依然是我们。
数词做主语
A billion is not a big deal for Jack Ma.
十亿对马云来说是不算什么。
词
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
不定式做主语
To break up is their final decision.
分手是他们最终的决定。
不定式做主语
To post her attitude on line is all she can do.
她能做的只是在网上表明自己的态度。
动名词做主语
Keeping composed is the basis to overcome difficulties.
保持镇定是克服困难的基础。
短语
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
从句做主语
Whether she will keep it a secret is unknown us all.
我们都不知道她会不会保守秘密。
从句做主语
What she has is nothing but money.
她穷得只剩下钱了。
从句做主语
How they got separated is a serious problem they need to rethink.
他们分手的原因是他们双方都要反思的重要问题。
句
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
(1 )用"that" 引导的主语从句
原句: That he will pass the exam is certain.
改句: It is certain that he will pass the exam. (通常用这种句式)
(2) ”疑问句”必须用it做形式主语
Is it funny that the tall man and the short girl are a couple
这个高个子男孩和矮个子女孩居然是夫妻。这是不是很有趣呢
真正主语
形式主语
“it”充当形式主语
形式主语
真正主语
it
There be …”句型
There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street.
大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。
主语的位置在中间
特
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
（1）简单谓语：
I love my girlfriend.
我爱我的女朋友。
My boss stayed up late last night.
我的老板昨晚熬夜了。
I feel anxious in front of you. 我在你面前紧张。
He turned out to be fine. 结果他没事儿。
系表结构做谓语
谓语
助动词+动词构成谓语
I don' t like your pants.
我不喜欢你的裤子。
情态动词+动词构成谓语
You should drink some water.
你应该喝一些水。
I have never seen such a barefaced guy like you !
我从未见过如此厚颜无耻之徒。
We will be successful in the future.
我们将来会成功的。
（2） 复合谓语：
谓语
主+谓+宾 （主语＋ 谓语＋宾语）
I like books.
I like you.
I like to talk to you.
I like reading books.
Reading books can increase my knowledge.
宾语：与主语相对，表示动作的承受者。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、Ving、以及句子
My boyfriend give me a book last night.
昨晚，我男朋友给我了一本书。
My boyfriend give a book to me last night.
直接宾语
间接宾语
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
Learning English can make me happy.
They elected me the president.
Let the fresh air in.
Lucy will make herself known.
I saw the litter girl dancing.
This has allowed us to work harder.
This has put us under pressure.
补语:名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介宾短语、不定式
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
Shen Teng is an actor.
He is handsome.
He is interested in this job.
He is starving.
He is surprised.
His job is to make audience laugh.
His home is in Heilongjiang.
表语：解释说明主语的性质、状态、特性等。
名词、代词、形容词、现在分词（Ving）、过去分词、不定式、介宾短语、副词、句子
I fancy him.
三大支干（定语）
I like this book.
I like reading English books.
I like reading fiction novel.
I like reading books written by him.
That is a really touching moment.
I like the books in this bookshop.
I appreciate the opportunity to write this book.
定语: 名词、代词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介宾短语、不定式
三大支干（状语）
She is very lovely.
I come all the way to see you.
Which couple of superstars will get divorced in the future
Given time, he will be a good dancer.
I will love you heart and soul.
状语: 副词、不定式、介词、名词、从句
三大支干（同位语）
I am your English teacher Mr. Chen.
Mr. Chen, your English teacher, is interested in English grammar.
I am interested in English, especially grammar.
We all love grammar.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
同位语:名词、代词和从句
★简单句→六种从句
从句
名词性
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
形容词性
定语从句
副词性
状语从句
My friend who wears shoulder-length hair told me that Song Joongki and Song Hye Kyo were separated in 2019, which reminded me the weak of celebrity's marriage.
宾语从句
定语从句
非限制定语从句
我那个长发披肩的朋友告诉我:2019年宋仲基和宋慧乔分手了。这让我想起了明星婚姻的脆弱。
Experts from University College London have been examining the lifestyles of over 6700 British people____2____15 years.
A. studied B. continuing C. by D. who E. whose F. improve
G. truth H. ignored I. recently J. those K. for L. less
Experts have been examining the life styles.
★常见语法错误——双谓语
We are learning grammar is important to the language.
正确表达： We are learning grammar which is important to the language.
正确表达： We are learning grammar important to the language.
如
何
分
析
句
子
如果你学会分析句子，那你就打开了新世界！
告别死记硬背，快速高效学英语！
句子分析大法可用于： 填空题、阅读理解、翻译、写作 ！
得分之根本！
学习语法的关键 ：如果不懂 ，写什么都是错的！
为何要分析句子？
时态
语态
句子结构/成分
分析的三个维度？
1.八大句子成分
五大主干（主语，谓语，宾语，表语，宾补）
三大支干（定语，状语，同位语）
2.五大基本句型
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
主+谓+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语）
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
3.八大句子成分位置及词性
★五大基本句型
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
主+谓+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
Students smile.
It rained hard last night.
Jack is leaving.
Jack is leaving for New York.
谓语：“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”
哪些可以作为谓语？
情态动词、助动词、动词（简单谓语 复合谓语）
主语： “动作的发出者”
哪些可以作为主语？
词：名词、代词、数词
短语：不定式、 Ving
句子
名词做主语
Celebrities‘ marriage is but a tool for marketing.
明星的婚姻只是营销炒作的工具。
代词做主语
We are not lovers any more, but we still care about each other.
我们不再是我们，我们依然是我们。
数词做主语
A billion is not a big deal for Jack Ma.
十亿对马云来说是不算什么。
词
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
不定式做主语
To break up is their final decision.
分手是他们最终的决定。
不定式做主语
To post her attitude on line is all she can do.
她能做的只是在网上表明自己的态度。
动名词做主语
Keeping composed is the basis to overcome difficulties.
保持镇定是克服困难的基础。
短语
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
从句做主语
Whether she will keep it a secret is unknown us all.
我们都不知道她会不会保守秘密。
从句做主语
What she has is nothing but money.
她穷得只剩下钱了。
从句做主语
How they got separated is a serious problem they need to rethink.
他们分手的原因是他们双方都要反思的重要问题。
句
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
(1 )用"that" 引导的主语从句
原句: That he will pass the exam is certain.
改句: It is certain that he will pass the exam. (通常用这种句式)
(2) ”疑问句”必须用it做形式主语
Is it funny that the tall man and the short girl are a couple
这个高个子男孩和矮个子女孩居然是夫妻。这是不是很有趣呢
真正主语
形式主语
“it”充当形式主语
形式主语
真正主语
it
There be …”句型
There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street.
大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。
主语的位置在中间
特
主+谓 （主语＋谓语）
（1）简单谓语：
I love my girlfriend.
我爱我的女朋友。
My boss stayed up late last night.
我的老板昨晚熬夜了。
I feel anxious in front of you. 我在你面前紧张。
He turned out to be fine. 结果他没事儿。
系表结构做谓语
谓语
助动词+动词构成谓语
I don' t like your pants.
我不喜欢你的裤子。
情态动词+动词构成谓语
You should drink some water.
你应该喝一些水。
I have never seen such a barefaced guy like you !
我从未见过如此厚颜无耻之徒。
We will be successful in the future.
我们将来会成功的。
（2） 复合谓语：
谓语
主+谓+宾 （主语＋ 谓语＋宾语）
I like books.
I like you.
I like to talk to you.
I like reading books.
Reading books can increase my knowledge.
宾语：与主语相对，表示动作的承受者。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、Ving、以及句子
My boyfriend give me a book last night.
昨晚，我男朋友给我了一本书。
My boyfriend give a book to me last night.
直接宾语
间接宾语
主+谓+宾+宾 （主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
主+谓+宾+宾补 （主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
Learning English can make me happy.
They elected me the president.
Let the fresh air in.
Lucy will make herself known.
I saw the litter girl dancing.
This has allowed us to work harder.
This has put us under pressure.
补语:名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介宾短语、不定式
主+系+表 （主语＋系动词＋表语）
Shen Teng is an actor.
He is handsome.
He is interested in this job.
He is starving.
He is surprised.
His job is to make audience laugh.
His home is in Heilongjiang.
表语：解释说明主语的性质、状态、特性等。
名词、代词、形容词、现在分词（Ving）、过去分词、不定式、介宾短语、副词、句子
I fancy him.
三大支干（定语）
I like this book.
I like reading English books.
I like reading fiction novel.
I like reading books written by him.
That is a really touching moment.
I like the books in this bookshop.
I appreciate the opportunity to write this book.
定语: 名词、代词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介宾短语、不定式
三大支干（状语）
She is very lovely.
I come all the way to see you.
Which couple of superstars will get divorced in the future
Given time, he will be a good dancer.
I will love you heart and soul.
状语: 副词、不定式、介词、名词、从句
三大支干（同位语）
I am your English teacher Mr. Chen.
Mr. Chen, your English teacher, is interested in English grammar.
I am interested in English, especially grammar.
We all love grammar.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
同位语:名词、代词和从句
★简单句→六种从句
从句
名词性
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
形容词性
定语从句
副词性
状语从句
My friend who wears shoulder-length hair told me that Song Joongki and Song Hye Kyo were separated in 2019, which reminded me the weak of celebrity's marriage.
宾语从句
定语从句
非限制定语从句
我那个长发披肩的朋友告诉我:2019年宋仲基和宋慧乔分手了。这让我想起了明星婚姻的脆弱。
Experts from University College London have been examining the lifestyles of over 6700 British people____2____15 years.
A. studied B. continuing C. by D. who E. whose F. improve
G. truth H. ignored I. recently J. those K. for L. less
Experts have been examining the life styles.
★常见语法错误——双谓语
We are learning grammar is important to the language.
正确表达： We are learning grammar which is important to the language.
正确表达： We are learning grammar important to the language.