06：中考英语报刊时文 + 中考题型精选（首字母填空专题）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
来源: China Daily
China’s service ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sector activity contracted at steepest pace in 2 years in March
今年3月份，中国服务业以两年来最快的速度收缩
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Activity in China’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s service sector contracted at the steepest pace in two years in March as the local surge in coronavirus cases restricted mobility and weighed on client demand, a private sector survey showed on Wednesday.
周三公布的一项私营部门调查显示，3月份 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中国服务业以两年来的最快速度收缩，原因是国内冠状病毒病例激增限制了社会流动性，并对消费者需求产生重压。
Analysts say contact ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-intensive service sectors such as transport, hotel and catering were hurt the most, clouding the outlook for a much anticipated rebound in consumption this year.
分析师称，交通、酒店和餐饮等接触密集型服务行业受到的冲击最大，这给今年备受期待的消费回弹的前景蒙上了一层阴影。
重点词汇
1. contract /k n tr kt/ to become smaller in amount or quantity 收缩
A recession is a period when the economy is contracting.
2. steep /sti p/ 急剧的
There has been a steep rise in prices.
3. weigh /we / o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n: to cause problems for something such as a market , usually causing it to fall 重压
Worries about a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) weak dollar weighed heavily on Wall Street, which suffered further losses yesterday.
Nation won't let virus stop anti-poverty (脱贫) work21教育名师原创作品
By WANG XIAOYU/ZOU SHUO | China Daily
China is tryi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng to reduce the influence of the novel coronavirus (新冠病毒) on the country's anti-poverty work and make sure to achieve the year's greatest goal, a government official said on Tuesday.
Although most poor are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as are thought as low risk for the virus, the epidemic (疫情) has still seriously affected the life and production of local people. "The influence might be long-term and serious." said Su Guoxia, one central government official.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
By Thursday, 14.2 mil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lion people from poor families had traveled to other areas to look for jobs, just 52 percent of last year's number, according to Su.
To reduce the inf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )luence of the epidemic, the government is developing all kinds of solutions to deal with present difficulties and problems.
Huang yan, anothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r government official, said the central government has allocated (拨付) 113 billion yuan for poverty relief efforts this year, and all levels of local government have so far allocated more than 200 billion yuan. "The kind of money had risen by 21 percent every year from 2013 to 2019, and this year, the number will continue to increase," Huang said.
To make the remaini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng 52 national-level poor counties in the country shake off poverty this year, Huang said they will be given more support in policy, money, and technology to better understand their difficulties.
"We are sure to win two special wars this year," Su said.
1．So far, abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut _____ yuan bas been allocated to support anti-poverty work.
A．14.2 millionB．87 billionC．113 billionD．313 billion
2．What can we know according to the passage _____
A．Su and Huang in the passage are both officials from poor areas.
B．It is still a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng and difficult road for China to fight against poverty now.
C．There have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) only 52 national-level poor counties China these years.
D．The novel corona ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )virus has had an influence on China's anti-poverty work.
3．What does the "t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo special wars" in the last paragraph refer to _____
A．The poverty and policy.B．The epidemic and poverty.
C．The support and difficulties.D．The money and technology.
4．What does the passage mainly want to tell us _____
A．The novel coronaviru is influencing Chinas life and production.
B．The Chinese government are always getting people's lives first.
C．China never gives up anti-poverty work in the face of the epidemic.
D．Some government officials are talking about how to stop being poor.
【答案】
1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C
【分析】本文是一篇有关在疫情期间如何脱贫的新闻报道。
1．细节理解题。根据“H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uang yan, another government official, said the central government has allocated (拨付) 113 billion yuan for poverty relief efforts this year, and all levels of local government have so far allocated more than 200 billion yuan”可知，中央政府今年已拨出1,130亿元用于扶贫工作，各级地方政府迄今已拨出逾2,000亿元，一共是约3130亿元，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Altho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh most poor areas are thought as low risk for the virus, the epidemic (疫情) has still seriously affected the life and production of local people”可知，新型冠状病毒对中国的扶贫工作产生了影响，故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据“China is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) trying to reduce the influence of the novel coronavirus (新冠病毒) on the country's anti-poverty work and make sure to achieve the year's greatest goal”可知，本文共到了今年所面临的两个问题，一个是疫情，一个是脱贫，所以“ two special wars”就是指“The epidemic and poverty”，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Natio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n won't let virus stop anti-poverty (脱贫) work”可知，本文主要想告诉我们，面对疫情，中国始终坚持脱贫攻坚，故选C。
2022年中考题型-阅读首字母填空
命题分析
主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。
〖微技巧点拨〗
⑴ 细读首尾，掌握大意。
首、尾句往往能提示或点明短文的主题，对全文的理解有较大的帮助。
⑵ 看清时间，明确时态。
这是确定所填单词形式正确的重要一步。
⑶ 跳空猜读，先易后难。
简单的题一跳而过，对于较难的题，先做个记号，到检查时在做。
⑷ 运用固定搭配和习惯用语，充分考虑语境和语意。
◇具体方法：
① 通读短文，掌握大意。
② 认真分析，初填单词。读完第一遍后，依据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上下文语境、语意或首字母提示，推测单词，然后根据句法、词语的用法，确定其正确形式，对不能确定的题目，在题中空格下做个记号，稍后再进行确定。
③ 细读全文，扫除障碍。读完第二遍后，确定了部分题目的答案。对于不能确定的答案，要再读全文，反复推敲。
④ 全文复读，融会贯通。在填好答案之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后，我们要从头至尾再把短文读一遍，细心检查。看所填单词是不是最佳单词，拼写是否准确无误，词形是否要作必要的变化，短文是否前后连贯一致，情节发展是否合理，议论是否合乎逻辑等。
题型解读
技巧一：了解首字母填空常考单词
一、名词
（一）感觉与感情类
attention hobby shame
care interest silence
cheer joy sense
cheat laugh smell
cry love smile
doubt pardon surprise
emotion peace sweet
excuse pity taste
favorite pleasure touch
fear praise wish
feeling pride wonder
fun regard worry
greeting respect victory
hate regret
（2）选择与态度类
advice dream reason
attitude duty success
agreement effort suggestion
behavior mind task
choice plan thought
conclusion promise welcome
decision purpose will
二、代词
all everybody one
another everyone other
any everything several
anybody few some
anyone many, ,more, most somebody
anything nobody someone
both none something
each nothing such
三、形容词
（一）积极感情类
able famous proper
active fantastic proud
beautiful free real
brave funny serious
bright glad silent
careful great similar
certain healthy simple
cheap helpful smart
clean honest smooth
clear humorous special
clever interesting strong
comfortable kind successful
confident lively sweet
cool lovely tidy
correct lucky useful
delicious patient warm
early pleasant welcome
easy polite well(better, best)
enough popular wise
excellent pretty wonderful
fair safe worth
friendly
（二）消极感情类
absent difficult sick
afraid dirty silly
angry expensive sleepy
bitter hard sorry
blind hungry strange
blue ill strict
boring late stupid
busy lazy terrible
careless lonely thirsty
crazy nervous tired
cruel poor ugly
dangerous sad weak
dark shy
四、副词
actually angrily beautifully
carefully certainly clearly
completely correctly daily
directly early easily
especially exactly finally
gently happily hardly
heavily immediately loudly
luckily mainly nearly
only politely possibly
probably properly quickly
quietly rarely really
recently safely seriously
slowly softly suddenly
usually widely almost
abroad ahead alone
already anywhere downstairs
hard instead online
outside perhaps soon
rather seldom still
then
技巧二：了解首字母填空常考重点词组
带有 with 词组
agree with ab. be careful with be connected with/to be covered with
be familiar with be busy with be pleased with be satisfied with
be strict with communicate with go on with get along with(on)
help sb. with sth. make friends with play with shake hands with
share...with talk with sb. with great care with pleasure
with the help of
带有 of 词组
a bit of a couple of a kind of a lot of
a pair of a piece of at the end of be afraid of
be fond of be full of be made of be made up of
be proud of because of consist of die of
dream of get into the habit of get rid of get tired of
hear of huge amounts of in charge of in favor of
in front of in the middle of instead of make fun of
out of out of date plenty of run out of
take care of take charge of take hold of think of
带有 from 词组
be different from change from...to... come from far away from
hear from keep... from learn... from stop...from
tell...from prevent...from protect...from
带有 for 词组
apologize to sb for sth. ask for (leave) be bad for be famous for
be late for be(bet) ready for be responsible for care for
for the first time for the time being leave for wait for
pay for praise sb. for prepare for
look 短语
look after look forward to look like look out
look up
take 短语
take a look take a message for sb take a(an)+交通工具 take away
take notes take off take one’s advice take out
take part in take place take up
make 短语
make a decision make a fire make a living make a mistake
make a noise make friend with make fun of make progress
make up one’s mind
on 短语
on average on business on holiday on foot
on one’s side on the phone on time depend/rely on
put 短语
put off put on put out put up
技巧三：了解首字母填空各种词类填空注意事项
1. 动词：需要注意时态、语态及非谓语动词
判断是否是动词的基本方法：不管句子的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类型如何，英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词，去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”，留下的骨干部分，看是否为一个完整的句子，是否缺少一个核心骨动词。其他诸如助动词后加动词原形，情态动词须和动词等小的知识点不再赘述，在讲解动词专题时带着详述。
2. 名词：要点注意名词单复数和属格
判断填写名词的基本方法：名词区别于其他此类的基本特征即是：名词前可以加上冠词。
3. 形容词，副词：需要注意比较级和最高级
形容词用来修饰名词，位于名词前, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词，位置可前可后，或者出现在系动词后，构成系表结构；若出现the ____ +名词，even___或 ___than...一般可认为是形容词，根据是形容词区别于其他词类的特性（比较级或最高级）。21世纪教育网版权所有
副词和形容词相似，也有比较级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和最高级，一般用来修饰动词。但是程度副词，频率副词等往往也是考查重点。常考的副词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句前的sometimes，usually等。平时同学们在做题时多留心，多总结高频出现的词，对增加做题的信心很有帮助。21教育网
4. 代词: 注意人称代词，物主代词，和反身代词
在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分，这类填词很容易得分。另外，代词的填写主要集中在人称代词，物主代词以及反身代词。21cnjy.com
5. 连词：注意在复合句中的用法
连词在首字母填空中经常出现，是用来连接一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的，在分析确定填连词后，翻译一下上下句，连词就可以确定了。常考的连词有b开头的but，because，before；u开头的until和unless；wh-的宾语从句的连接词；以及although，though，so等。判断是否为连词，看两个句子是否为完整的句子，若完整，再看两个句子之间的关系：并列，转折等，从而选择相应的连词；有些既是副词又是连词的词（如：when）,注意平时整理此类词在首字母填空中的常考词性。www.21-cn-jy.com
〖真题范例〗
Travel can teach k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ids more than a textbook. Traveling with kids is good f 1 them. They can find new interests. Travel makes information alive for kids, and makes it much more exciting than studying textbooks or d 2 experiments in the lab. While traveling, they learn h 3 to deal with new situations, and communicate with other people. They learn patience, because sometimes i 4 takes a long time to get to some exciting or interesting places.2·1·c·n·j·y
I’ve been trav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eling since I was seven years old. For me, to stop traveling would be like taking something a 5 from my soul(灵魂). I can’t live without traveling and I wouldn’t be who I am if I don’t travel. Some people think it’s h 6 to travel after having kids. But in my opinion, when people become parents, it doesn’t m 7 they couldn’t travel any more. My children have been traveling since they were three weeks old.
Bringing a new life i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto the world comes with many responsibilities(责任) and I’d love to be a good mother. One of my duties is to e 8 my children. I’m so thankful that my parents took me on family trips when I was y 9 . I’ve learned that the outside world is more colorful than the little one I was living in. Of course, I want to pass these travel e 10 on to my children.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
I value the memorie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s I have traveling with my children. I’m sure they will always remember them in their lives.21·世纪*教育网
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. www-2-1-cnjy-com
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2-1-c-n-j-y
◎真题感悟
本文是一篇说明文。文章重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )点介绍了旅游的益处，它能帮你找到新的乐趣，为孩子们营造一些鲜活的信息，帮助在新形势下解决问题，增进人们之间的交流。同时，文章通过作者亲身的经历讲述了旅游的重要性。21*cnjy*com
本题10个空中考查了5个固定搭配或句型结构；考查了两个动词形式，其他三个单词需要通过上下文语境来完成，由于首字母已给出，相对难度不大。【版权所有：21教育】
【答案解析】
1. for 考查固定搭配be good for意为“对……有益”。
2. doing 空格上内容与前面stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying 为并列关系，do experiment 表示“做实验”。注意前句的studying，所以此处要用 doing 形式。
3. how 考查"疑问词+动词不定式"结构，how to deal with·表示"如何处理……"。
4. it 考查句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.结构，表示"某人花费时间做某事"。
5. away 句意为∶对我来说，停止旅游就像从我灵魂里拿走某些东西。take away from 表示"拿走"。21·cn·jy·com
6. hard 句意为∶很多人们认为有了孩子后很难旅行。It is adj.to do sth.表示"做某事怎么样。"
7. mean 句意为∶当人们成为父母后，并 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不意味着不再旅游了。前面提到了旅游的重要性，所以，当人们成了父母，也并不意味着就不旅游了，mean表示"意味着"。
8. educate 根据不定式to可知该处需要一个动词原形。而句意为：我的责任之一就是教育我的孩子。“教育”用educate。
9. young 根据句意：我很感激当我小的时候我的父母带着我去旅行。前面提到了父母带我去旅游，很明显是小时候。【出处：21教育名师】
10. experiences 句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：当然了，我想把这些旅行经历传给我的孩子。experience表示经历时为可数名词，表示经验时为不可数名词。
专题训练
Passage 1
It was at an ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g 1 to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(签名).
“I haven’t brought my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pen. Is the p 2 okay ” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t r 3 . I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c 4 readers.
“Certainly,” the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young girls readily a__5__. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h__6__her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n 7 and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char ”
“No,” I told her proud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the w 8 of two Pulitzer Prizes.”
The young girl turn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to the o 9 ,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p 10 turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.
【文章大意】
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名，我给其中一个女孩签完名后，女孩非常吃惊，我不是罗伯特查尔，我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此，作者经常警示自己：无论你多么优秀，不要过高地赞扬你自己。
1. guest【解析】句意“我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知，表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故填guest。
2. pencil【解析】句意“我没带 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )钢笔，铅笔可以吗？”。根据Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名，所以空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔，且根据is可知，用单数，故填pencil。
3. refuse【解析】句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“事实上，我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers可知，我认为她们不会拒绝，我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝，且根据空前wouldn’t可知，用动词原形，故填refuse。
4. common【解析】句意“我仅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知，表示“普通的读者”。common普通的，故填common。
5. agreed【解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】句意““当然”，这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知，我没有带钢笔，所以问他们铅笔可不可以，他们同意用铅笔。agree同意，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填agreed。
6. handed【解析】句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知，小女孩找我要签名，所以他们将本子递给我。hand递，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填handed。
7. naturally【解析】句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意“我翻开笔记本的封面，自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知，表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词，且空处修饰动词wrote，用副词，故填naturally。
8. winner【解析】句意“我是《寂寞芳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )心》的作者，两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家，获奖者，都是指“我”，用单数，故填winner。
9. other【解析】 句意“这个年轻的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )女孩转向另一个女孩，耸耸肩说：把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是两个女孩，所以表示“两者中另一个”，用the other，故填other。
10. pride【解析】句意“在那个时候， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知，空处用名词。pride自豪，故填pride。
Passage 2：
November 21 is W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orld Hello Day. At school, we learned that “How do you do ” and “How are you ” are standard ways to say hello when meeting others. But do you know how to reply to them Nowadays, do native speakers seldom use them today
As we learned, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “How do you do ” is for greeting someone we meet for the f 1 time. And it can be answered with the same “How do you do ”. “How are you ” is often used to greet someone we k 2 well. It usually follows with an answer of “I’m good, and you ” or “I’m fine, and you ”.
But English is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a casual (随意的) language. The formal “How do you do ” is seldom s 3 by native(本族的，本土的) speakers. It is considered old-fashioned(过时的). Yet they greet each other in many other ways.
You may hear a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )conversation b 4 British people: “You all right ” “Yeah, you ” “I’m good. Any plans for the weekend ” or “How’s it going ” “Yea, fine, and you ”. These ways of greeting are very p 5 for young people to say hello to friends.
Americans like sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying, “What’s up ” or “What’s good ” to friends. Don’t be confused (混淆的). It doesn’t m 6 “What’s wrong ”. It is just one way of saying hello. And people usually give answers like “Not much” or “Nothing”. “Hey, man” is also popular. But it is only used among men. What do w 7 say You guessed it. They often say “Hey, girl.”
If you meet an Austra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lian, you may hear “G’day, mate”. It means “Good day”. You can
r 8 with the same “G’day”.
However, there is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no rule to say hello to each other. If you can’t r 9 all of the above, just say “How are you ” . This is the most c 10 and standard way for people of all ages. You can reply with “pretty good”, “same as usual” or “I’m hanging in there.”
答案：1.first 2.know 3.said 4. between 5.popular
1. mean 7. women 8.reply 9. remember mon
Passage3：
Thanksgiving is one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the most important holidays in the United States and Canada. In Canada it is celebrated on the second Monday of October, w 1 in the United States it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. On Thanksgiving Day, families and friends
g 2 to enjoy a Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anksgiving dinner, and thus Thanksgiving Day is sometimes referred to as “Turkey Day”. But what is Thanksgiving all about
Most people belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve that Thanksgiving in America s 3 in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621, when a native-American Indian tribe (部落) helped a group of European settlers—the Pilgrims (朝圣者)—to s 4 the awful conditions in the New World. The settlers were so grateful (感激的) that they shared a three-day harvest feast (宴会) with the tribe. Since then, Thanksgiving has become a long-standing t 5 in America. Unlike the American tradition of remembering the help given by the native-American Indians to Pilgrims in the New World, Thanksgiving in Canada is s 6 a day for Canadians to give thanks for a successful harvest. Because the harvest season falls e 7 in Canada than in America. Thanksgiving in Canada is celebrated in October instead of November.
As the n 8 of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )holiday says, Thanksgiving is about being thankful. It is a time for people to give thanks to God, and it is also a time when everyone is r 9 of the things that they should be grateful for. Some people often think about what they do not have. Thanksgiving m 10 them think about the good things that they do have.
Thanksgiving is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wonderful holiday. However, we should all be thankful for what we have on more than one day a year.
答案：
1. while 2. gather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 3. started 4. survive 5. tradition
6. simply 7. earli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er 8. name 9. reminded 10. makes
Passage 4
In many countries, peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple t 1 by car or by bike. They also get from place to place using p 2 transport such as buses and trains. However, some people live in parts of the world where it is i 3 to build roads. In these places, animals or other w 4 of transport have to be used.
It is difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to w 5 in snow but easy to ski over it. So in places like Alaska, people use skis. If they want to go faster, they get dogs to p 6 them on sleds(雪橇). Riding a snowmobile(雪地摩托) is a more m 7 , but expensive way of getting around on snow.
In desert(沙漠) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like the Sahara in North Africa, people s 8 get around on camels. Camels survive w 9 in the desert, not because they can save water in their bodies though! They can survive without water for two weeks and without f 10 for up to a month. He can only go without water for about three to five days.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【篇章导读】
在许多国家人们喜欢开车或者骑自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行车去旅游。有时候也用公共汽车或者火车，但是一些地区没有道路的会选用动物工具。比如，在雪地上用狗拉雪橇，在沙漠里使用骆驼。
【答案解析】
1． travel 考查单词填空．根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意在许多国家，人们骑自行车或骑自行车旅行．及提示"t"用travel.
2． popular考查单词填空．根据句意他们也能从地方使用流行的交通工具如公共汽车和火车．及提示"p"，故用popular.
3． impossible 考查单词填空．根据句意然而，有些人生活在世界上的地方它是不可能建立道路．及提示"i"，故用impossible.
4．Ways 这里意思是“不得不使用动物或者其他交通方式。”故填写ways.
5． walk 考查单词填空．根据句意很难在雪中行走，但滑雪就容易多了．及提示"w"，故用walk.
6． pull考查单词填空．根据句意如果他们想走得更快，他们把狗拉雪橇．及提示"p"，故用pull.
7． modern考查单词填空．根据句意在雪地上骑雪地摩托是一个更现代的，但昂贵的方式．及提示"m"，故用modern.
8． sometimes 考查单词填空．根据句意在北非的撒哈拉沙漠里，人们有时会骑上骆驼．及提示"s"，故用sometimes.
9． well 考查单词填空．根据句意骆驼在沙漠中很好的生存，及提示"w"，故用well.
10． food 考查单词填空．根据句意它们能没有水生存两周，没有食物能生存一个月，及提示"f"，故答案是food.
Passage 5
Electric cars may s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e31． compared with other fuels (燃料). W32． petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p33． because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th cen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tury, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c34． more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e35．. But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m36． of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d37．.
An all-electric c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j38．.
Many people are not p3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )9． with it. The government and car makers are w40． together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
31．(e)xpensive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 32．(W)hen 33．(p)opular 34．(c)aused 35．(e)ither
36．(m)ethod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 37．(d)own 38．(j)ourneys 39．(p)leased 40．(w)orking
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
31．句意：在那个时候，汽油和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
32．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
33．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
34．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
35．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
36．句意：解决这个问题的一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
37．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
38．句意：这使得电动汽车 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
39．句意：很多人都不满意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
40．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
Passage 6
Life will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) peaceful if you always do kind things. I teach my daughters to d1． a habit of helping others.
We live in the cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntry. Most of what we see is beautiful nature. One of the exceptions (例外) to the beauty is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows. And there are no necessary public s2．, such as rubbish collection.
A helping behavio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r (行为) that I often p3． with my daughters is picking up rubbish in our neighborhood. My daughters often have a m4． to see who can collect the most rubbish. They will often say to me in an excited voice, “There’s some rubbish, Daddy, stop the car!” Without t5． more, we will often get out of our car and pick it up. Though it may seem strange, we do it. In fact, we e6． it. We pick up rubbish in parks, on sidewalks, almost a7．.
One day I saw a man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I had never met before picking up rubbish on the road. I stopped. He r8． his head and said to me with a smile, “I saw you doing this with your family. It’s a good idea to protect our natural world.”
There are many ot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her ways to p9． kindness for others. You may share a dinner with a homeless person, visit lonely old people in the nursing home, or help the blind cross the street. You can think of something that can be finished e10． but helpful. It is fun, self-satisfying, and what’s more, it can set a good example. Helping others is helping yourself.
1．(d)evelop 2．(s)ervices 3．(p)ractise/(p)ractice 4．(m)atch 5．(t)hinking
6．(e)njoy 7．(a)nywhere 8．(r)aised 9．(p)rovide 10．(e)asily
【分析】
文章介绍了作者和女儿们以及一位陌生人在社区捡垃圾的事情，告诉我们可以做一些简单的事情来向他人表达善意。
1．句意：我教我的女儿养成帮助别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人的习惯。根据“a habit of helping others”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“养成……的习惯”，是短语develop a habit of...，空格前有to，动词要用原形，故填(d)evelop。
2．句意：而且没有必要的公共服务，比如垃圾收 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )集。根据“such as rubbish collection”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“公共服务”，表达为public service，service是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式，故填(s)ervices。
3．句意：我经常和女儿们一起练习的一种 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )帮助行为是在我们附近捡垃圾。根据“A helping behavior”以及“is picking up rubbish in our neighborhood”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“练习”，是动词practise/practice，由often可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语是第一人称，动词用原形，故填(p)ractise/(p)ractice。
4．句意：我的女儿们经常举行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )比赛，看谁能收集最多的垃圾。根据“to see who can collect the most rubbish”及首字母提示可知，进行的是比赛，match“比赛”，空前有不定冠词a修饰，名词用单数形式，故填(m)atch。
5．句意：我们常常会不假思索地下车去捡。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语境可知，此处表示没有多想，think“想”，是动词，without是介词，所以后面动词用 ing形式。故填(t)hinking。
6．句意：事实上，我们很 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )喜欢做这件事。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“很享受做这件事情”，enjoy“享受、喜欢”，是动词，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是复数人称，动词用原形，故填(e)njoy。
7．句意：我们在公园里、人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行道上、几乎任何地方捡垃圾。根据句中的“in parks, on sidewalks”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示我们几乎在任何地方捡垃圾，anywhere“在任何地方”，故填(a)nywhere。
8．句意：他抬起头，微笑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )着对我说。根据“I saw a man I had never met before picking up rubbish on the road.”以及常识可知，捡垃圾一定是低着头的，而他跟作者说话的时候应是抬起头，结合首字母提示可知，此处是raise“抬起”，前句是一般过去时，此处动词用过去式，故填(r)aised。
9．句意：还有很多其他的方法可以帮助他人。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据“kindness for others”及首字母提示可知，此处表达的是向他人表达善意。符合provide sth. for sb.“向某人提供某物”的结构，故填(p)rovide。
10．句意：你可以想出一些容易完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成但有帮助的事情。根据“You may share a dinner with a homeless person, visit lonely old people in the nursing home, or help the blind cross the street.”可知，这些事情都是很容易完成的，结合首字母提示可知，此处是easily“容易地”，是副词，修饰句中的动词finish，故填(e)asily。
Passage 7
In 1997, Lottie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Williams was walking through a park in Oklahoma, in the US, with her friends. Suddenly something tapped her on the shoulder and fell to the ground. She picked the object up. It was about as h 1 as an empty soda can. Later scientists told her it was a piece of a Delta H rocket that had been used to launch a satellite.
Many countries arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd the world have sent satellites into space. We need satellites to send and r 2 TV and radio signals, to report the weather and for many other things. But when they become old or they break down or we don’t need them anymore, we just leave them there. They become space junk.
Scientists think there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are about 16,000 objects l 3 than 10 centimeters wide flying around the Earth, and tens of millions of smaller objects too. They travel at around 7 kilometers a second. That’s fast! And it’s their speed that makes these pieces of space junk really dangerous. If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed, it can do a lot of damage. L 4 , there haven’t been many collisions (撞). But in 2009, an old Russian satellite hit and d 5 an American satellite—and that created 2,000 new pieces of space junk!
Pieces of space ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )junk re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day. But Lottie Williams is the o 6 person who has been hit. The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmosphere had slowed it down. Most space junk burns up and doesn’t reach the Earths s 7 . But in 2011, a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in Namibia, Africa. It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters deep and over 3 meters wide. Lottie was lucky she wasn’t hit by that!
【答案】
1．(h)eavy 2．( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r)eceive 3．(l)arger 4．(L)uckily 5．(d)estroyed 6．(o)nly 7．(s)urface
【分析】
主旨大意：在1997年，威廉被飞来的不明物体击中，这个物体就是卫星的一部分，很多卫星老了以后就成为太空垃圾，而且其危害很大。
1．
句意：它就像一个空汽水罐一样重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。was后接形容词作表语，as…as中间接形容词原级，根据“an empty soda can”及首字母可知，跟空汽水罐一样重，heavy“沉重的”符合，故填(h)eavy。
2．
句意：我们需要卫星发送和接收电视和无线电信号 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，报告天气和许多其他事情。此空与send构成并列关系，根据“TV and radio signals”及首字母可知，此处指接收电视和无线电信号，receive“接收”符合，故填(r)eceive。
3．
句意：科学家们认为大约有16 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )000个直径大于10厘米的物体围绕地球飞行。根据“and tens of millions of smaller objects too”及首字母可知，此处指大于10厘米的物体，large“大的”符合，根据“than”可知，此空应填比较级，故填(l)arger。
4．
句意：幸运的是，没有太多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的碰撞。此空位于句首，且空格后有逗号隔开，此空应填副词修饰整个句子。根据“there haven’t been many collisions”可知，没有太多的碰撞，这是一件幸运的事，故填(L)uckily。
5．
句意：但在2009年，一颗旧 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的俄罗斯卫星撞毁了一颗美国卫星，并产生了2000块新的太空垃圾。根据“an old Russian satellite hit”及“that created 2,000 new pieces of space junk”可知，两个卫星撞毁会产生太空垃圾，destroy“摧毁”符合，根据“hit”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(d)estroyed。
6．
句意：但是洛蒂·威廉姆斯是唯一被击中的人。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据“Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day”及but并结合首字母可知，他是唯一被击中的人，only“唯一的”符合，故填(o)nly。
7．
句意：大多数太空垃圾燃烧后不会到达地球表面。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据“Most space junk burns up”及首字母可知，太空垃圾燃烧后就不会到达地球表面，surface“表面”符合，故填(s)urface。
Passage 8
Everyone nee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds sleep. In fact, all living things need sleep. Having a sound and good rest make us 71．. It is believed that our brain develops best during sleep, it helps all our systems work well while we are awake. Sleep ___a _72_． our brain to recognize all events during the day and will improve our memory development.
For a student, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) eight to ten hours of sleep is required to give him or her energy for the f 73． day. A good sleep allows them to grow p 74． and mentally（心理上）.
With ___e 75． sleep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at night, students would be able to wake up early and be ready for school activities. They will be able to listen carefully in class and would have the a___76___ memorize the things that they learn and remember them in the future.
Eight hours of sle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ep makes students active through the whole day at school. They would be able to p___77． well in class, take down notes and finish their homework. When they have slept well, they can easily understand their lessons. Good sleep prepares them well for the challenges （挑战）at school, from paperwork to sports. They will be ready to solve difficult tasks that require mental ability and skills.
【答案】
71．healthy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 72．allows 73．following 74．physically 75．Enough 76．ability 77．perform
【分析】
本文讲述了有一个良好的休息使我们健康。一个良 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )好的睡眠能让学生身心成长。对于一个学生来说，8到10个小时的睡眠第二天能给人的身体提供能量。睡眠能让大脑识别白天发生的所有事情，并能提高记忆力。
71．句意：有一个良好的休息使我们健康。
根据“It is believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed that our brain develops best during sleep, it helps all our systems work well while we are awake.”人们相信，我们的大脑在睡眠中发育得最好，它帮助我们所有的系统在醒着的时候正常工作，结合make sb +形容词，所以此处缺形容词，应填健康，故答案为healthy。21*cnjy*com
72．句意：睡眠能让我们的大脑识别白天发生的所有事情，并能提高我们的记忆力。
根据分析句子结构，此处缺谓语动词。结合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allow sb to do sth 表示“允许某人做什么”，主语是“sleep”，谓语动词用三单。结合所给首字母，故答案为allows。
73．句意：对于一个学生来说，8到10个小时的睡眠需要为他或她第二天提供能量。
根据the following day表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“第二天”；结合句子“eight to ten hours of sleep is required to give him or her energy for the f______ day. ”，可知是为了 提供能量，结合所给首字母，故答案为following。
74．句意：一个良好的睡眠能让他们身心成长。
分析句子“A good slee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p allows them to grow p___4___ and mentally”，此处缺副词修饰动词grow，结合所给首字母，此处是身体上地，故答案为physically。
75．句意：晚上有足够的睡眠，学生就能早起，为学校活动做准备。
分析句子“With e_____ sleep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at night, students would be able to wake up early and be ready for school activities”晚上有 睡眠，学生就能早起，为学校活动做准备，结合所给首字母，所以此处应是足够的，故答案为enough。
76．句意：他们将能够在课堂上认真听讲，并有能力记住他们所学的东西，并在未来记住它们。
根据have the a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bility to do sth表示“有能力做什么”，所以此处缺名词。分析句子“They will be able to listen carefully in class and would have the a____ memorize the things …” 他们将能够在课堂上认真听讲，并有 记住他们所学的东西，结合所给首字母，故答案为ability。
77．句意：他们将能够在课堂上表现良好，记笔记，完成作业。
根据be able to do sth表示“有能力做什么”，所以此处缺动词原形；结合所给首字母，此处是表现，故答案为perform。
Passage 9
Why Do Some Kids Dislike School
If you don’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like school, the first step is finding out w 1 . You might not like school because a bully is bothering you, or b 2 a kid you don’t like wants to hang around with you. Or maybe you don’t get along w 3 your teacher. You might f 4 different or worry that you don’t have enough friends.
Sometimes it’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a p 5 with your classes and schoolwork. Maybe the work is too easy and you get bored. Or maybe the work is too h 6 , or you don’t feel as smart as the other kids. Reading may be difficult for you, b 7 you hope to do a lot of it. You may be getting farther and farther b 8 , and it may seem like you’ll never catch up. Maybe you’re dealing with worries, s 9 , or problems that make it hard to put your heart on schoolwork.
When you s 10 to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink about why you don’t like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【篇章导读】
本文介绍了当前一些孩子为什么厌学。如果发现自己有厌学情绪该怎么办。
【答案解析】
1.why 句意为“如果你不喜欢上学，第一步应该弄清楚为什么。”故填写 why。
2. because or 后面的内容和前面是并列关系, 前边用 because…, 后面也要用 because。
3. with get along with "与…和睦相处"为固定搭配。
4.feol 句意为“你可能…不同域担心的是你没有足够的朋友。”能与担心和不同描配的动词应该是“感到“故填写 feel。
5.problen 根据后面的叙述，这句意思为“功课和学校作业有时也是个问题”。故填写 problem.
6. hard 前面是 easy, 这里要填 hard.
7.but 上一句意为“阅读可能对于你来说很难。”后面是表示转折，故用 but.
8.behind 根据后句“而且看起来你永不能进上”可知，前面空格上应该表示“落后”，far behind意为“远远落后”。
9.stress 能与“忧虑”并列的并且以s开头的名词最合适的是“压力”stress。
10.stop stop to do sth.表示“停下来……去做……”。
第06讲：中考报刊时文 + 中考题型精选（首字母填空专题）
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