2022年中考英语语法专题复习---名词课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
中考语法专题复习
名词
可数名词及其单复数
1.概念:一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词,称为可数名词。
2.可数名词复数的规则变化
规则 读音 例子
1.一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ room→rooms, chair→chairs, symbol→symbols
在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/ car→cars,pig→pigs,
tree→trees
在t后,一起读/ts/ coat→coats,
student→students
在d后,一起读/dz/ word→words,hand→hands
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es 发音为/ z/ glass→glasses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches
3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-es 发音为/vz/ leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves,
life→lives
4.以y结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es 一般ies读/ z/ baby→babies, city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s 发音为/z/ toy→toys,
boy→boys,
day→days
5.以o结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的本族词,加-es 发音为/z/ hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes,
potato→potatoes
以“元音字母+o”结尾或以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词、缩写词等,加-s 发音为/z/ photo→photos, piano→pianos
3.可数名词复数的不规则变化
规则 例子
1.改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
2.单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese
3.只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复数形式连用 trousers, clothes, glasses, sunglasses
4.形式上为复数,但意义为单数,与谓语动词的单数形式连用 news,maths
5.一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义上为复数 people, police, cattle(家畜),
staff(工作人员)
6.集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数;如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。 family, class, team, group, army
Our team needs money to play in another city.
我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。
My family are very well.
我的家人都很好。
7.复数形式表示特殊含义 times(时代), drinks(饮料),
manners(礼貌), looks(外表),
brains(头脑,智力), greens(青菜)
8.表示“某国人”变复数 口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面 中日不变:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
英法变:Englishman→Englishmen,
Frenchman→Frenchmen;
其余s加后面:
American→Americans, German→Germans
9.由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,常将最后一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。 two girl students　　
five apple trees
ten women teachers　　
three men nurses
可数名词
考点1
表达方式和例子 可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语
与不定冠词a/an或基数词直接连用: a book→two books a student→three students 肯定意义 a few(几个), many(许多), a great number of(大量的)
如：a few apples,
many students,
a great number of maps
可数名词
考点1
表达方式和例子 可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语
用“基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+可数名词复数”来表示它的量： a pair of trousers→two pairs of trousers 否定意义 few(几乎没有)
如：I eat few bananas, but I often eat a few apples.
我不吃香蕉，但我经常吃苹果。
( )1. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous in American . (2015广东)
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
( )2. —Look! They are .
—Yes. We are proud of them.
A. man scientist B. women scientists
C. woman scientists D. man scientists
( )3. Xi Jinping says, “A promising(有希望的) nation cannot go without .” Let’s try to be brave and creative.
A. heros and pioneers B. hero and pioneer
C. heroes and pioneers D. heroes and pioneer
B
C
C
不可数名词
考点2
1.不可数名词通常无单复数变化，不能直接与a或an连用
2.不可数名词的量
分类 规则 例子
具体的量 数词+量词+of+不可数名词 a piece of paper 一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
大概的量 肯定意义 a little(一点), much(许多), too much(太多),
a large amount of/a great deal of(许多)
如：a little time/money, too much water
大概的量 否定意义 little 如：There is little water in the bottle.
瓶子里几乎没有水。
不可数名词
考点2
注意：常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限
定词有：some, a lot of（lots of）, plenty of等。
3. 常见的不可数名词
类别 例子
饮食 milk, water, tea, wine, food, beef, rice, bread, salt, corn, soup, oil, meat, pork, wheat, juice, coffee, beer, cheese, butter
不可数名词
考点2
材料 wood, gold, glass, silk, plastic, cotton, wool, metal
自然 earth, light, rain, wind, ice, grass, weather, snow, fire, universe, sunshine
其他 advice, confidence, time, money, news, housework, homework, knowledge, music, help, information, trouble, fun, success, surprise, progress, pity, pleasure, treasure, shame
不可数名词
考点2
4.有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼；鱼类 鱼肉
room 房间 空间
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
rain 一场雨 雨水
weight 砝码 重量
单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词
experience 经历 经验
orange 橙子 橙汁
time 次；倍数 时间
life 生命 生活
work 作品 工作
height 高处 身高
( )1. The three upstairs are too small to have enough
for a double bed.(2018广东)
A. room; room B. room; rooms
C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms
( )2. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.(2017广东)
A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights
( )3. The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.(2016广东)
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
A
C
A
( )4. —The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in ourselves is very important.
—Yes. can make us have more chances to be successful.
A. Confidences B. Confidence
C. Experience D. Experiences
( )5. We can get some about how to use the English learning APP through this official account.
A. information B. idea C. tip D. suggestion
B
A
1. I decided to take the next year’s college entrance exam. It was a difficult year. I studied day and to get ready for the exam.
2. Mr. North always thinks himself healthy. He seldom goes to see a doctor. He keeps good : getting up early in the morning, doing exercises before breakfast and never staying up late at night.
3. Years later, Jim became a doctor. One day, a woman was sent to his . She was seriously ill. Jim recognized her at once and decided to try his best to save her life.
4. Qixiang’s parents first sent him to ski classes after he showed interest in the sport. Through the training , he could learn the right skills and it would be more useful for him.
habits
night
hospital
classes/lessons
As people had to stay at their homes during the COVID-19 epidemic(新冠肺炎), life was not easy, but they were 1 their best to make staying at home not as boring as it sounds.
There were also popular videos on the Internet showing people’s daily activities—getting 2 at noon, taking 3 walk in their living rooms, in their kitchens, bedrooms and then walking back to their living rooms.Some people tried to play badminton in their living rooms or ping-pong on their dinner 4 . Others posted their daily exercise results on Wechat, showing them walking less than one hundred 5 in a day.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. .
up
trying
a
tables
steps
名词的所有格
考向3
1
’s所有格：有生命的以及表示时间、距离、国家等的名词，常用 ’s属格表所属关系
使用场合与构成方法 例子
1 单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, today’s newspaper
2 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ Teachers’ Day, five weeks’ holiday
不规则复数名词后加’s Children’s Day, men’s room
3 “各有”关系在每个名词后分别加’s Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
(两人各自所有)
“共有”关系在最后一个名词后加’s Jane and Mary’s bike
(两人共有)
4 在表示“某人家” 、 “店铺”时，一般省略它所修饰的名词 my uncle’s = my uncle’s house
我叔叔的家 the Green’s, the doctor’s, the barber’s(理发店), the tailor’s(裁缝店)
2
of所有格：无生命的名词，常用of属格表所属关系
构成方法 例子
用在无生命事物的名词前 a map of China,
the cover of the book
3
双重所有格：’s属格与of属格相结合
构成方法 例子
of+名词所有格 Lucy is a friend of my sister’s.
露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。
of+名词性物主代词 This is a picture of mine.
这是我的一张照片。
4
特殊形式
使用场合与构成方法 例子
由“数词+名词”构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符 a two-day holiday
两天的假期
an eight-year-old boy
一个八岁的男孩
少数名词使用的固定搭配（to所有格） the key to the door,
the answer to the question
( )1. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
( )2. —June 1st is Day all over the world.
—We all like it very much.
A. Child’s B. Child C. Children’s D. Childrens
( )3. —Whose jackets are these？
—They are . They said they lost them yesterday.
A. Li Lei and Li Tao B. Li Lei and Li Tao’s
C. Li Lei’s and Li Tao’s D. Li Lei’s and Li Tao
D
C
C
( )1. I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give
me (2020重庆B卷改编)
A. an advice B. some advice
C. some advices D. any advices
( )2. Spending too much playing computer games is bad for your . (2020湖南怀化改编)
A. time; eye B. time; eyes C. times; eyes D. times; eye
( )3. —The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.
—Sometimes small things can make a .
(2020湖北宜昌)
A. promise B. conversation C. difference D. discussion
B
B
C
( )4. During the epidemic(疫情), many in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.(2020湖南常德改编)
A. women doctor B. woman doctors
C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( )5. When you go rock climbing, you need to be careful so that you don’t have a(n) .(2020江西)
A. chance B. accident C. secret D. action
( )6. —In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
—That’s interesting! I want to know all the Chinese .
(2020天津)
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems
C
B
A
( )7. —Do you know Liu Hui finally entered a top school
—Certainly. That’s the of his hard work.
(2020湖北孝感)
A. habit B. suggestion C. result D. decision
( )8. —A boy is flying a kite over there. Who is he
—He is brother. (2020四川自贡改编)
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
C
B
二、小语篇特训
(一)语法选择
Chinese people in different areas celebrated the 　1　 in a number of different 　2　. A flag-raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao. A dragon boat race was held in Guangxi. A light show was held in Qingdao and New York. All Chinese people celebrated the National Day to express their 　3　 for the motherland.
( )1.A.national Day B.national day
C.National day D.National Day
( )2.A.way B.ways C.way’s D.ways’
( )3.A.love B.loves C.lovely D.loving
A
B
D
(二)完形填空
Moments later, Eddie heard a cry.He looked around to see Riley lying on the 　1　 with his bike on top of him.Any minute now, the other 　2　 would rush toward him.
Eddie jumped off his bike and ran to Riley.His friend was unhurt and the boys quickly moved Riley’s bike off the road.
The other riders sped past to the finishing line, and Eddie heard a cheer going up for the 　3　.
Slowly, Eddie pushed his bike to the finishing 　4　.Tears of disappointment filled his 　5　.
Then, to his surprise, Eddie heard a sound and looked over at the crowd to see them cheering for him.
And there was his dad, with the proudest smile of all.
( )1.A.bank B.road C.desk D.bed
( )2.A.riders B.parents C.drivers D.crowds
( )3.A.trainer B.actor C.player D.winner
( )4.A.circle B.line C.point D.form
( )5.A.ears B.mouth C.eyes D.nose
C
B
D
A
B
(三)短文填空
One day, I ran away from home and stayed outside for many hours.When I went back 1.　 　 at night, I saw all the anger and disappointment on my mother’s face.We agreed to have 2.　 　 together the next morning.
　breakfast　
　home　
We decided to go to a restaurant.On our 3.　 　 to the restaurant, I noticed my mother had two notebooks.I asked her what they were for.She explained to me that sometimes it was easier to write down our 4.　 　 than talk about them.We would write down our feelings in the 5.　 　 of a letter.It could be as long or as short as we wanted.
　form　
　feelings　
　way　
一、语法选择
I was once a fat girl.I weighed 336 pounds and looked as big as my fridge.I was never worried about it.But one day I 　1　 a medical examination (体检).The doctor told me that I was having heart trouble.It woke me up.I began to feel nervous.Then I decided 　2　 something!
In a year and five months,I lost 104 pounds.It was great! I didn’t have 　3　 expensive food or medical treatment.What was the secret 　4　 my success
First,I looked through the Internet for do-it-yourself advice that people could follow to lose weight.Of course,I saw ads which tried to get me to buy their 　5　.But I bought nothing.The only thing I did was to change my bad habits.I stopped drinking something with 　6　 sugar in them,refused sweet cakes and ate green vegetables.I only used vegetable oil and never ate after 6:30 p.m.Also,I did light exercise for 15 to 20 minutes five times 　7　 week.If you want to lose weight,you can 　8　 all these things yourself!
　9　 I began to lose weight,I have kept doing these things.People sometimes say,“You don’t need to tell me 　10　 to do.I’ve known it already!”But the fact is that knowing what to do and doing what you know are totally different.The important thing is to know what to do and then just keep doing it.
( )1.A.has　 B.had　 C.have　 D.are having
( )2.A.do　 B.did　 C.does　 D.to do
( )3.A.any　 B.some　 C.many　 D.much
( )4.A.in　 B.to　 C.about　 D.for
( )5.A.product　 B.product’s　
C.products　 D.products’
( )6.A.too much　 B.too many　
C.much too　 D.so many
( )7.A./　 B.the　 C.a　 D.an
( )8.A.try　 B.tried　 C.trying　 D.to try
( )9.A.If　 B.When　 C.Before　 D.Ever since
( )10.A.how　 B.why　 C.what　 D.where
C
D
A
C
A
C
B
A
D
B
二、完形填空
One morning a fox was searching for his breakfast. He went down to the lake to 　1　 some fish. Suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a 　2　 on the bank of the lake and decided to eat it instead. Not wanting the rabbit to discover him, the fox moved 　3　 towards his meal. As he got closer, he stepped on some dry leaves. The rabbit then 　4　 in fear. When he saw the fox, he started to shout.
“Quiet! Why do you rabbits shout so much ” asked the fox, slightly annoyed that he had lost his 　5　.
“I am sorry, but you scared me. Your sharp teeth make me 　6　,”replied the rabbit.
“But I don’t want to eat you,”lied the fox.“I am only here to help with your 　7　.I will be back tomorrow and help you dig your hole.”
The next day, the fox returned to the 　8　. There he saw a group of rabbits busily digging holes on the bank. He thought about catching one. At that moment the rabbit he had met the day before started jumping up and down, making a 　9　 noise to warn his friends. All the rabbits and even the fish quickly 　10　. The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food and ended up eating fruit.
( )1. A. catch B. buy C. smell D. cook
( )2. A. tree B. hole C. stone D. well
( )3. A. noisily B. silently C. confidently D. angrily
( )4. A. looked down B. looked away
C. turned off D. turned around
( )5. A. time B. place C. meal D. fish
( )6. A. sad B. excited C. nervous D. happy
( )7. A. food B. work C. story D. friends
( )8. A. breakfast B. house C. lake D. mountain
( )9. A. loud B . low C. usual D. calm
( )10. A. returned B. shouted C. entered D. disappeared
D
A
C
B
C
C
D
B
B
A
We don’t know when people invented wheels. But once the wheels were invented, knowledge of them spread 1.　 　 across the world. It is easy to 2.　 .　 things with wheels. The first example of wheels dated from about 3500 to 3000 BC. The cart(运货马车,手推车) or wagon was the 3.　 　 vehicle (车辆) which had wheels. At that time, they were pulled by humans or 4.　 　.
　animals　
　first　
　move/carry
三、短文填空
　quickly　
Today, there are still carts drawn by animals in many countries. These carts are mainly 5.　 　 to move things or transport people. Around 2000 BC, the chariot (双轮敞篷马车) appeared. It moved even 6.　 　 than the cart, so it soon became 7.　 　 important tool in the war and later was introduced to other ancient countries, such as Egypt, Persia, Greece and Rome.
　an　
　faster　
　used　
The 8.　 　 of the wheel was important to the development of transportation in Europe, 9.　 　 the wheel was unknown to the people in ancient America. Europeans brought the wheel to the new world when they began to live there in the 16th century.
The invention of wheels is also very important to the development of new transportations. 10.　 　 wheels, the invention of bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trains, and planes may not be possible.
　Without　
　but　
　invention　
1.可数名词及其单复数
2.不可数名词
3.名词所有格
4.名词辨析
名词
’s, ’ , of
完形填空