2022年中考英语感叹句、祈使句详解及练习（含答案）

2021-2022年感叹句、祈使句详解及练习附答案
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种:
1. 可用句型:“ What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊!
What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊!
2. 可用句型:“ What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”。如:
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊!
What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!
3. 可用句型:“ What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。如:
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊!
What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊!
二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种:
1. 可用句型:“ How +形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语!”。如: How careful she is! 她多么细心啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!
2. 可用句型:“ How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
3. 可用句型:“ How +主语+谓语!”。如:
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
三 陈述句巧变感叹句
在把陈述句变感叹句时，可以根据以下这种方法--一断二加三换位。
“一断” 即在谓语后面断开，使句子分成两部分。如:
He works hard. → He works / hard.
He is a good worker. → He is / a good worker.
“二加” 即在第二部分前加上how(强调形容词、副词)或what(强调名词)。如:
He works(how)hard.
He is(what)a good worker.
“三换位” 即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感叹号。如: How hard he works!
What a good worker he is!
如:
How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
四、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。 如: Good idea! (好主意!) wonderful! (太精彩了!) Thank goodness! (谢天谢地!)
五、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如:
① What a hot day it is!
How hot the day is !
多么热的天气呀!
② What tall buildings they are!
How tall the buildings are!
多么高的楼房呀!
③ What bad weather it is!
How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀!
④ What bright sunshine it is!
How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀!
六、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如:① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀!
② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀!
③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀!
④ How cool! 好凉快呀!
⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了!
附一:感叹句记忆口诀
感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。
形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。
名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。 主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。
感叹句专项练习
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is!
5).________ honest boy Tom is !
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8).________ exciting news you've brought us!
9).________cool your new car is!
10).________ scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。
1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how B. What, what
C. How, what D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句:
1. The boy swam very fast.(同义句)_______ _______ the boy swam!
2. The school trip is very exciting. (同义句)_____ ______ the school trip is!
3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. (同义句) _______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!
4. It is a very useful dictionary. (同义句)
_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!
_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
5. The students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are listening!
答案:一、What，What a, How, How，What an,
What, What a, What, How, How
二、BAACA CACAC
三、1. How fast
2. How exciting
3. How beautiful
4. What a useful, How useful the
5. How carefully
What a funny time to eat breakfast!
1) what a/an;
是不
what。
2a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s
how就OK了。如:
例句1:What a he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊!
单数名词
例句2: they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!
复数名词
例句3: it is! 多么冷的天气啊!
不可数名词
例句4:这男孩多好啊!
how. 例:How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊! /
副词 (what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how)
How time flies!
How fast Liu Xiang runs
英语祈使句详解
一、 祈使句的概念
表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如：
Shut the door! 把门关上!
Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!
Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。
祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you)，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如：
You be quiet! 你安静!
You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。
You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。
有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：
Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!
Nobody move. 任何人都不许动。
二、 祈使句表示强调
为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do，此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如：
Do be careful. 务必要小心。
Do have some more tea. 一定再喝点茶。
Do let me go. 一定让我去。
副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如：
Never do that again. 再不要这样做了。
Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。
3. 祈使句的否定式
构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单，那就是在动词原形前加don’t——不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动词，情况都是一样。如：
Open the window. 把窗户打开。
→Don’t open the window. 别把窗户打开。
Come next Monday. 下周星期一来。
→Don’t come next Monday. 下周星期一别来。
对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句，其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如：
Let’s tell him the truth. 我们把实情告诉他吧。
→Let’s not tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他。
但在日常口语中，我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如：
Let’s don’t tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他)
三、祈使句如何变为反意疑问句
1.基本原则
若陈述部分为祈使句，反意问句通常用will you, won't you, would you等。如：
Mail the letter today, will you 今天就把信发掉，好吗
Try to be back by two, won't you 设法两点之前回来，好吗
注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意问句部分只用will you。如：
Don't forget to post the letter, will you 请别忘了寄信。
有时根据语境的需要，反意问句也可以用can you, can't you 等：
Give me some cigarettes, can you 给我些香烟，可以吗
Walk faster, can't you 走快点，不行吗
2.、let型
1. 当祈使句为Let's…时：反意问句总是用 shall we。如：
Let's phone her now, shall we 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗
Let's go to the cinema tonight, shall we 今晚咱们去看电影，好吗？
2. 当祈使句为Let us…时：若表示请求，反意问句用will you；若表示表示建议，则用 shall we。如：
Let us know your address, will you 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
Let us go swimming together, shall we 我们一起去游泳好吗
注：let's…只表示建议，所以其后反意问句总是用shall we。而let us…既可表示建议请求，也可表示建议(较正式)，其后的反意问句要根据这两种不同情况分别使用will you和shall we。
练习
一、将下列汉语翻译成英语。
请照看好您的包。 ___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!
3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.
5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.
二、填入合适的动词，使语句完善。
It’s an important meeting. __Don't be________ (not, be )late.
__Don't make__________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
__Don't speak__________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____be________ (be) polite.
___Don't talk_________ ( not, talk) or __read__________ (read) aloud.
____Don't leave________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
____Look________ (look) out! A car is coming.
__Give__________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
_Don't let___________ (not, let) the baby cry.
Wear more clothes or you ___will catch_________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ___not say_________ (not, say) anything about it.
习题答案:
Please look after your bag.
Let's go to school.
Be glad, dear
Don't put the book here .
5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in .