2022年中考英语专题复习第一讲名词及代词

九年级复习名词及代词专题
名词分类及用法：1. 可数名词单复数：1)一般在名词的结尾加s; 2)以s, x, ch,sh结尾的名词加es watch--watches box--boxes ;3)辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变i,再加es : lady--ladies以f/fe为结尾的，把f/fe改为ves knife---knives ;
有生命的以o为结尾的可数名词，加es Piano--piano, potato--potatoes
单复同形：Chinese , Japanese, English, sheep, deer, people
变或加字母：男女人变一字母：man--men, woman--women, tooth--teeth牙齿，foot--feet脚，goose--geese鹅 小孩儿child--children 7) 本身是复数的词：trousers, scissors, plants,
glasses, shoes 8)其他变化：mouse--mice 9) 复合名词变复数：男女人修饰的都变，如：
man doctor--men doctors, woman nurse--women nurses, 其它词修饰的变后面一个：
apple tree--apple trees 变中心词mother -in -law : mothers-in-law
2.名词所有格：
名词所有格表示所有关系，一般用’s和of来表示。
A：有生命的所有格
一般词尾加’s boy’s bag,Mike’s knife。
复数以s为结尾的加’ 。the students’ bag 同学们的书包, the teachers’ room老师们的房间
表示几个人共有一样东西，后一个人的名字后加’s,如表示各自所有，分别加’s.
This is Tom and Jason’s room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。
These are Tom’s and Jason’s rooms.这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
The+所有格:表示某人的家或工作店铺at Mr. Wang’s 在王先生家， to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家，at the doctor’s在诊所
常见所有格表节日：April Fools’ Day 愚人节—on April 1st , Children’s Day 儿童节---on June 1st, Teachers’ Day教师节—on September10th ,Mothers’ Day母亲节—on the second Sunday of May , Fathers’ Day父亲节—on the third Sunday of June, May Day劳动节---on May 1st ,Amy Day建军节，Nurses’ Day护士节，the Spring Festival春节,the Lantern Festival元宵节，the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节National Day国庆节 ，Mid-autumn Festival中秋节
总结口诀：名词所有格，表物是谁的；若是有生命，词尾加’s表…的；若是s来结尾，只把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有；各自分别加，共有最后加。
B:无生命的所有格：名词+of+ 名词（语序倒装）
A+ of+B表B的A 如：the windows of the house—房的窗户
a photo of my sister:我的姐姐的照片a photo of my sister’s
二．代词：1.人称代词
含义：人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。人称代词分为主格和宾格。主格在句中做主语或表语。宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾格。作主语的人称代词要注意和谓语动词单复数的搭配。
使用形式及用法口诀：
人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错，主格动前做主语，动词介词后用宾格。you和it主宾同，其它主宾须分清。人称代词并列现，尊重先他人礼。单数人称二三一，复数一二三，若把错误责任担，第一我靠前。
代词形式：you和it主宾同，其它主宾须分清
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I我 me we我们 us
第二人称 you你 you you你们 you
第三人称 he他 him 他们 they 她们 它们 them
she她 her
it 它 it
人称代词的用法：（主格动前做主语，动词介词后用宾格。）
人称代词主格在句中作主语
The light is bad here. I can’t see clearly.
2)人称代词宾格在句中作宾语和表语：
The dog is lovely. I like it.(动后作宾语)
Are you for it ( 介宾)
Oh, it’s you. 啊，是你啊！（表语）
人称代词的并列使用：人称代词并列现，尊重先他人礼。单数人称二三一，复数一二三，若把错误责任担，第一我靠前。
如：you and I 我和你 He and I 我和他
You , he and I are good friends.
I ,you and he made some mistakes.
We,you and they are all Chinese.
物主代词：物主代词是表所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或某人有关,分为名物代与形物代：
My mine --our ours your--yours his--his her--hers its--its their--theirs 有名形物代，无名名物代（形物代只能放在名词前作定语，名物代后不能跟名词）
三、反身代词: 含义：反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词，有人称和数之分。
结构及用法口诀：
口诀：反身代词代自己，后加self变反身，一二形代第三宾，复数形式selves跟。句中宾表同位语，记清不做主和宾。
单数（-self） 复数（-selves）
第一 人称 myself我自己 ourselves
第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves
第三人称 himself他自己 themselves
itself 它自己
herself她自己
1.反身代词的用法：
1）反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等。
My brother is always thinking of himself.我哥哥总是想着他自己。（宾语）
Be yourself ,please.请自然一点。（表语）
I fixed the windows myself.我自己修的窗户。（同位语）
2.反身代词与某些动词连用表示某种特定意思：
Help yourself to some fruit. 请吃点儿水果。
2）反身代词的固定搭配词组：
help yourself随便吃点儿… teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 for oneself 为自己 of oneself 自动地
talk oneself 自言自语 help oneself 自 便 by oneself独自dress oneself 自扮 in oneself 本性 hurt oneself 伤到自己
forget oneself 忘我
四、指示代词：
专门用来表示人和物的一类，叫做指示代词。指示代词有单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）以及it等。
介绍较近的单数用this,复数用these,较远的单数用that复数用those。
打电话介绍自己用this,问对方是谁用Is that …
(1) it用来代替上文中提到的事或物。
--Do you like the banana
-- Yes, I like it.
(2)用来指我们不知性别的人，有时也指幼儿或年龄较小的小孩。
---Who is the baby
--- It’s me.
(3)表示自然现象、气候、时间、距离等。it 是形式主语，没有词汇意义。
It is very cold .（气候） It is three o’clock. （时间）
It is a long way from here. (距离)
专题练习：一、用所给词适当形式填空：
In the past two ________ (month), a study which was done by Dr. Liz Brewster and Dr Andrew Cox has recorded what photos people took, what text they added and how they communicated with others on line.
I hope her ________ (neighbor) don’t mind too much.
The WWF warns_______ (leader) at every level that they must work together to protect the plane.
Pay attention to your advantages, and find ________ (activity) that you enjoy.
Maybe, you’ll realize it has been some ______ (month) since you borrowed it and decide to return it.
Don’t give yourself a hard time about . It’s not easy to change life_______ (habit) overnight.
It is the first time ______ (human) have grown plants on the moon.
But just as that moment , a group of my ________ ( friend) came into the room with a big cake in their hands, singing “Happy birthday to you.”
He has travelled to many countries and given _______(speech) about his stories against difficulties.
After eight months of suffering. I begin to work as a volunteer in some local_______ (village)
选择：（ ）1.---Oh, my god! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do
---- I’m afraid that we have no ______ but to take a taxi.
idea B.decision C. reason D. choice
( ) 2. My mother has a poor ______ of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone.
scene B. silence C. service D. sense
( ) 3. --- Anna, how does the dress look on me --- To tell you the _____, it doesn’t fit you well.
trade B. trust C. truth D. treat
( ) 4. ----Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter
----- With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _______.
value B. style C.effect D. mood
( ) 5.________ is celebrated on September10th.
National Day B. Teacher’s Day C.Dragon Boat Festival D. Spring Festival
( ) 6. Today, we have many other _______ to pay besides coins or paper money.
excuses B.ways C. chances D. plants
( ) 7. ______ is the most important festival in China.
Christmas B. Spring Festival C. Mid--autumn Day D. National Day