外研版九年级英语语法复习-名词课件19张

(共19张PPT)
中考语法专题
名词
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考点一 可数名词
一般情况 加-s bag→bags year→years
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses box→boxes
wish→wishes beach→beaches
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词 变y为i, 再加-es city→cities story→stories
family→families party→parties
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为ve，再加-s knife→knives leaf→leaves
shelf→shelves thief→thieves
1．可数名词复数形式的规则变化
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2.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
形式 举例
将man, woman变成men, women man-men woman-women
gentleman-gentlemen policeman-policemen
Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen
oo变ee foot-feet tooth-teeth
部分以o结尾的名词+es（有生命的） hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
单复数同形 sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
特殊变化 mouse-mice child-children
ox-oxen（/ ks/公牛）
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注意
German 复数___________________
名词修饰名词时
(1) 名词作定语修饰名词时，其复数形式要将后面的名词变成复数，如：许多苹果树 ___________________
(2) 如果man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如： woman teacher__________________
man doctor_____________________
3．英语中有些名词总以复数形式出现。如：trousers, jeans(牛仔裤), shorts(短裤), socks(短袜), shoes, gloves, clothes, chopsticks(筷子), scissors(剪刀), glasses等。
Germans
many apple trees
women teachers
men doctors
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4. 集体名词的数。集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如：family, class, team等，它们以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。如：
　My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电视。
　My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的家庭。
　有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, police等，如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：
①一个人 a person（√） a people （×）
②一名警察 a policeman/policewoman（√） a police（×）
注意
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1.We should brush our _________(tooth) every day.
2. I think Wu Jing is one of the most popular __________(act).
3. In spring, we can see green ________(leaf) and grass everywhere.
4.Linda has many ___________(hobby), such as singing, dancing and drawing.
5.Can you see my _________(sheep) I haven’t seen them for a long time.
6. The police ______(be) trying to search for the old man on the hill.
7. Superman and Spiderman are ___________(hero) in our hearts.
8. There are four ____________(Australia), two _________(German), 120 ________________(女教师) and 900 ______________(男学生).
teeth
actors
leaves
hobbies
sheep
are
heroes
Australians
Germans
women teachers
boy students
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考点二 不可数名词
1.分类
不可数名词分为__________(表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice, water, milk等)和__________(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, time, health等)。常考的不可数名词还有：advice, happiness, news, trouble, weather, traffic, information, homework, progress, experience(经验)等。
物质名词
抽象名词
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2.不可数名词量的表达
(1)不可数名词前加上much, little, a little, a lot of, plenty of, some, any等可表示数量。
(2) 数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词
a bowl of rice (two bowls of rice)
a glass of water (some glasses of water)
a cup of tea (many cups of tea)
a bottle of orange (five bottles of orange)
a piece of paper (hundreds of pieces of paper)
练习：Will you please give them some ___________(bottle) of __________(water)
bottles
water
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3.既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同：
名词 可数 不可数
glass
light
chicken
fish
orange
work
experience
beauty
room
time
玻璃杯
玻璃
电灯
光
鸡
鸡肉
鱼
鱼肉
橙子
橙汁
作品，著作
工作
经历
经验
美人
美丽
房间
空间
次数
时间
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考点三 名词所有格
名词情况 构成方法 举例
单数名词 一般在单数名词词尾+’s 迈克的汽车 ______________________
我妈妈的生日 ____________________
复数名词 以s结尾的复数名词，只+’ 教师节 ____________________
三个小时的步行 _________________
不以s结尾的复数名词，仍然+’s 妇女节 ____________________
儿童节 ____________________
Mike's car
my mother's birthday
Teachers' Day
three hours' walk
Women's Day
Children's Day
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考点三 名词所有格
名词情况 构成方法 举例
表无生命的名词所有格 一般用of结构表示：名词+of+名词 我们教室的一张照片 ___________________
一张中国地图______________
双重所有格 of+名词所有格 of+名词性物主代词 我父亲的一本书____________________
我的一个朋友
a friend of mine ＝ one of my friends
a picture of our classroom
a map of China
a book of my father's
注意：表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用’s构成所有格。比如：今天的报纸 ____________________
步行十分钟__________________ 三天的假期_______________
today's newspaper
ten minutes’ walk
three days’ holiday
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特殊用法
1.表示共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加's。如：
莉莉和露西共有的房间______________________
莉莉和露西各自的房间___________________
2.表示“家”、 “店铺”等处所。如：
　 在李雷家 at Li Lei's
　 在医生的诊所____________________
　 在药店 at the chemist's
Lily and Lucy's room
Lily's and Lucy's rooms
at the doctor's
考点四 名词作定语
一般情况：名词单数作定语，如：
a banana tree--- many banana trees
one pencil box--- two pencil boxes
a boy student---many boy students
特殊情况：
1. man 和woman作定语时，单复数前后要一致， 如：
a man doctor-- three men doctors
a woman teacher-- many women teachers
2. 复合形容词当中名词用单数：
a 15-year-old boy
an 8-kilometer-long road
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考点过关
1．We should learn from ________ (hero)．
2．________(leaf) turn green in spring.
3．Would you like some ________(milk)
4．There ________(be) good news in today's newspaper.
5．The pair of shoes ________(be) very nice. I'll take it.
6．The two ________(boy) jackets are very new.
7．He is a friend of my ________(sister)．
8．All the ________(woman) teachers are happy on March
8th.
heroes
Leaves
milk
is
is
boys'
sister's
women
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9. There are several ________ (library) in the city.
10. Those __________ (policeman) are looking for the
lost kids.
11. Collecting stamps is one of my ________ (hobby)．
12. I want to be an ________ (art) when I grow up.
13.Children need time and ________ (free) to have fun.
14. Whose desk is this Is it the ___________(twin)
Yes. It is _________________(Tom andTony).
15. My school isn’t far from here. It’s only
_______________ (fifteen minute) walk.
libraries
hobbies
policemen
artist　
freedom
twins’
Tom and Tony’s
fifteen minutes’
greatset
dynasties
interested
especially
was known
to work
achievement
calling
death
inventor
Thanks for listening!